Drilling rig
A drilling rig is an integrated system that
Small to medium-sized drilling rigs are mobile, such as those used in mineral exploration drilling, blast-hole, water wells and environmental investigations. Larger rigs are capable of drilling through thousands of metres of the
History
Until
In the 1970s, outside of the oil and gas industry, roller bits using mud circulation were replaced by the first pneumatic reciprocating piston Reverse Circulation (RC) drills, and became essentially obsolete for most shallow drilling, and are now only used in certain situations where rocks preclude other methods. RC drilling proved much faster and more efficient, and continues to improve with better metallurgy, deriving harder, more durable bits, and compressors delivering higher air pressures at higher volumes, enabling deeper and faster penetration. Diamond drilling has remained essentially unchanged since its inception.
Petroleum drilling industry
Oil and natural gas drilling rigs are used not only to identify geologic reservoirs, but also used to create holes that allow the extraction of oil or natural gas from those reservoirs. Primarily in onshore oil and gas fields once a well has been drilled, the drilling rig will be moved off of the well and a service rig (a smaller rig) that is purpose-built for completions will be moved on to the well to get the well on line.[7] This frees up the drilling rig to drill another hole and streamlines the operation as well as allowing for specialization of certain services, i.e. completions vs. drilling.
Mining drilling industry
Mobile drilling rigs
In early oil exploration, drilling rigs were semi-permanent in nature and the derricks were often built on site and left in place after the completion of the well. In more recent times drilling rigs are expensive custom-built machines that can be moved from well to well. Some light duty drilling rigs are like a mobile crane and are more usually used to drill water wells. Larger land rigs must be broken apart into sections and loads to move to a new place, a process which can often take weeks.
Small mobile drilling rigs are also used to drill or bore
The drilling mechanisms outlined below differ mechanically in terms of the machinery used, but also in terms of the method by which drill cuttings are removed from the cutting face of the drill and returned to surface.
Automated drill rig
An automated drill rig (ADR) is an automated full-sized walking land-based drill rig that drills long lateral sections in horizontal wells for the oil and gas industry.
Auger drills
An auger drill is a spiral-shaped tool. Its main function is the drilling of holes in the ground and other materials - or surfaces such as ice, wood, etc. The design of an auger depends on the kind of material it's meant to drill into, hence there are different types of auger drills.[11] Auger drills come in varying sizes and can drill holes up to a depth of 95 ft below the ground. They are known to be quite versatile, saving time and energy during construction work or even personal projects.
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Drill buckets
A drill bucket, or auger bucket, is a drilling head that accumulates spoil inside and can be lifted from the hole periodically to be emptied.[12]
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See also
- Boring – Process of enlarging an already-drilled hole with a single-point cutting tool
- Casing cutter – Oil drilling equipment
- Laser drilling – Process of creating thru-holes using laser cutting methods
- List of components of oil drilling rigs
- Enhanced geothermal system – Type of electricity generation system
- Flame jet drill – Technology for rock driling
- Mineral exploration– Finding commercially viable concentrations of minerals to mine.
- Oil platform – Offshore ocean structure with oil drilling and related facilities
- Oil well – Well drilled to extract crude oil and/or gas
- Pumpjack – Drive for a reciprocating piston pump in an oil well
- Subsea technology – Technology of submerged operations in the sea
- Big Stan (drill rig) – Large vehicle mounted drill rig
References
- ^ ISBN 978-1786072863.
- ^ ISBN 978-1450261715.
- ^ Temple, Robert (1986). The Genius of China: 3000 years of science, discovery and invention. Joseph Needham. New York: Simon and Schuster. pp. 52–54.
- ^ Temple 1986, p. 54
- ISBN 0-415-14792-1.
- ^ Yergin, Daniel (1992). The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money & Power.
- ^ Baars, D.L.; Watney, W.L.; Steeples, D.W.; Brostuen, E.A (1989). Petroleum; a primer for Kansas (Educational Series, no. 7 ed.). Kansas Geological Survey. p. 40. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
After the cementing of the casing has been completed, the drilling rig, equipment, and materials are removed from the drill site. A smaller rig, known as a workover rig or completion rig, is moved over the well bore. The smaller rig is used for the remaining completion operations.
- ^ a b "Ensign Launches Newest And Most Powerful Automated ADR 1500S Pad Drill Rigs In Montney Play", New Tech Magazine, Calgary, Alberta, 21 November 2014, archived from the original on 10 December 2014, retrieved 6 December 2014
- ^ "Deer Creek And Ensign Spud First SAGD Wells Using Slant Automated Drilling Rig". newtechmagazine.com. Archived from the original on 2014-12-10.
- ^ Well Drilling Experts
- ^ "What Is an Auger, and What Are They Typically Used For? | TFGUSA". www.tfgusa.com. 2021-06-28. Retrieved 2023-11-22.
- ^ "Bucket Auger Drilling Method". wellowner.org. Retrieved 8 November 2022.