Dubbo
Dubbo Federal division(s) | Parkes | ||||||||
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Dubbo (/ˈdʌboʊ/;[5] Wiradjuri: Dhubu)[6] is a city in the Orana Region of New South Wales, Australia. It is the largest population centre in the Orana region, with a population of 43,516[1] at June 2021.
The city is located at the intersection of the
Dubbo is included in the rainfall and weather forecast region for the Central West Slopes
History
Evidence of habitation by Wiradjuri Nation, Indigenous Australians dates back over 40,000 years.[citation needed]
Explorer and surveyor John Oxley was the first European to report on the area, now known as Dubbo, in 1818.[11] The first permanent British colonists in the area were English-born Robert Dulhunty and his brother Lawrence Dulhunty.[12]
Dulhunty occupied a property, known as Dubbo Station (established in 1828),[11] from the early 1830s on a squatting basis. With the passing of the Squatting Act in 1836, he took out a licence on the property.[13]
Dulhunty showed an affinity with Indigenous Australians, his party included some 40 Aboriginals and he favoured using Aboriginal names for properties, including Dubbo. Dubbo is now thought to be a mispronunciation of the local Wiradjuri word thubbo, but because of a lack of precise records from Dulhunty at the time and an incomplete knowledge of the Wiradjuri language today, some conjecture remains over the word's meaning. Some references indicate that Dubbo was the name of an old Wiradjuri man who resided at the site when Dulhunty took the land.[14] Dubbo's name apparently meant "red soil", consistent with the local landscape.[15] Thubbo or tubbo possibly is Wiradjuri for "head covering".[16]
Dundullimal Homestead is a farmhouse from that period, built around 1840 by John Maugham on his 26,000-acre (11,000 ha) sheep station. The building is one of the oldest homesteads still standing in western NSW and today is open to visitors.[17]
In 1846, due to the number of settlers in the area, the government decided to establish a courthouse, police station, and lock-up in the Dubbo area. A constable's residence was completed in 1847 and a wooden slab-construction courthouse and lock-up was completed in early 1848. By this time, the settlement had only four buildings - the constable's residence, courthouse and lock-up, a store, and an inn.[18]
Due to the lack of title for the land, in 1848, storekeeper Jean Emile Serisier organised a petition asking for a land sale of town allotments. The plan was presented to the colony's surveyor general in May 1849 by surveyor G. Boyle White.[13] The settlement was gazetted as a village in November 1849 with the first land sales taking place in 1850.[11][19][20] Population growth was slow until the Victorian gold rush of the 1860s brought an increase in north–south trade. The first bank was opened in 1867. Steady population growth caused the town to be proclaimed a municipality in 1872, when its population was 850.[11] The railway extension of the main western railway from Wellington to Dubbo was formally opened on 1 February 1881.[21][22][23] By 1897, Dubbo had a general store, Carrier Arms, a slab courthouse, a gaol, and a police hut. The final section of the Molong to Dubbo railway opened in late May 1925.[24][25] Dubbo was officially proclaimed a city in 1966.[2][26]
Heritage listings
Dubbo has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
- Cobra Street: Dubbo RAAF Stores Depot[27]
- Macquarie Street: Talbragar Shire Council Chambers[28]
- 110–114 Macquarie Street: National Australia Bank building, Dubbo[29]
- 118 Macquarie Street: Colonial Mutual Life building, Dubbo[30]
- 195–197 Macquarie Street: Milestone Hotel[31]
- 215 Macquarie Street: Old Dubbo Gaol[32]
- Main Western railway: Dubbo railway station[33]
- Main Western railway 462.762 km: Macquarie River railway bridge, Dubbo[34]
- Obley Road: Dundullimal Homestead[35]
Geography
The
Climate
Dubbo falls in the warm
Dubbo's location in the transition area between the Central Tablelands and the Central Western Plains has provided a mild distribution of rainfall throughout the year. Dubbo's wettest month is January with an average rainfall of 58.7 mm (2.31 in) occurring on average over five days. Evaporation in the Dubbo area averages around 1,880 mm (74 in) per year. Dubbo is considerably sunny, receiving 148.6 days of clear skies annually, in contrast to Sydney's 104 days.[41]
Wind patterns vary over the whole year. The prevailing winds at Dubbo are from the southeast, south, southwest and west, which account for a combined 64.4% of the wind direction over the whole year.[42]
Climate data for Dubbo Airport AWS (1993–2022); 284 m AMSL; 32.22° S, 148.58° E
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 45.0 (113.0) |
46.1 (115.0) |
39.5 (103.1) |
34.4 (93.9) |
28.6 (83.5) |
24.1 (75.4) |
24.0 (75.2) |
28.3 (82.9) |
35.5 (95.9) |
38.1 (100.6) |
44.3 (111.7) |
44.9 (112.8) |
46.1 (115.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 33.6 (92.5) |
32.0 (89.6) |
29.0 (84.2) |
24.9 (76.8) |
20.1 (68.2) |
16.4 (61.5) |
15.6 (60.1) |
17.6 (63.7) |
21.4 (70.5) |
25.2 (77.4) |
28.7 (83.7) |
31.5 (88.7) |
24.7 (76.4) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 18.4 (65.1) |
17.6 (63.7) |
14.8 (58.6) |
10.3 (50.5) |
6.5 (43.7) |
4.4 (39.9) |
3.0 (37.4) |
3.2 (37.8) |
6.0 (42.8) |
9.5 (49.1) |
13.5 (56.3) |
16.0 (60.8) |
10.3 (50.5) |
Record low °C (°F) | 5.8 (42.4) |
6.3 (43.3) |
3.4 (38.1) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
2.0 (35.6) |
4.5 (40.1) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 58.7 (2.31) |
45.0 (1.77) |
68.0 (2.68) |
36.4 (1.43) |
38.1 (1.50) |
49.9 (1.96) |
43.3 (1.70) |
34.3 (1.35) |
41.5 (1.63) |
45.8 (1.80) |
61.8 (2.43) |
61.7 (2.43) |
584.5 (22.99) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 5.3 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 3.1 | 4.1 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 5.7 | 4.9 | 58.4 |
Average afternoon relative humidity (%)
|
32 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 47 | 57 | 55 | 47 | 43 | 36 | 35 | 30 | 41 |
Average dew point °C (°F) | 12.5 (54.5) |
13.1 (55.6) |
11.4 (52.5) |
8.4 (47.1) |
7.3 (45.1) |
6.6 (43.9) |
5.1 (41.2) |
4.9 (40.8) |
6.6 (43.9) |
6.8 (44.2) |
9.3 (48.7) |
10.0 (50.0) |
8.5 (47.3) |
Source: Australian Bureau of Meteorology (Dubbo Airport AWS, 1993–2022)[43]
|
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1921 | 5,032 | — |
1933 | 8,344 | +65.8% |
1947 | 9,686 | +16.1% |
1954 | 12,009 | +24.0% |
1961 | 14,118 | +17.6% |
1966 | 15,629 | +10.7% |
1971 | 17,810 | +14.0% |
1976 | 20,149 | +13.1% |
1981 | 23,986 | +19.0% |
1986 | 25,796 | +7.5% |
1991 | 28,064 | +8.8% |
1996 | 30,102 | +7.3% |
2001 | 30,860 | +2.5% |
2006 | 30,574 | −0.9% |
2011 | 32,327 | +5.7% |
2016 | 34,339 | +6.2% |
2021 | 38,783 | +12.9% |
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics data.[44][45] |
In August 2021, the population of Dubbo was 43,516;[1] 51.6% of residents were female and 48.4% were male. The median age is 35, slightly younger than the national average of 38. People aged 0–14 constitute 21.5% of the population compared to 18.2% nationally, and 15.6% of residents are Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander; the median age in this group is 22.
About 81.2% of residents report being born in Australia, notably higher than the national average of 66.9%. Other than Australia, the most common countries of birth are India (1.7%), Nepal (1.6%), England (1.0%), the Philippines (0.8%), and New Zealand (0.7%). The most common reported ancestries in Dubbo are Australian, English, Australian Aboriginal, Irish, and Scottish.
Around 72.3% of residents report both parents having been born in Australia, significantly higher than the national average of 45.9%. About 82.7% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Nepali (1.7%), Punjabi (0.8%), Malayalam (0.5%), Urdu (0.5%), and Mandarin (0.4%).
The top religious groups in Dubbo are Catholic (26.4%), Anglican (17.7%), and Uniting Church (3.7%); 27.2% reported no religion (lower than the 38.4% nationally) and 9.2% did not answer the question.[1]
Economy
The city's largest private employer is Fletcher International Exports, which exports lamb and mutton globally.[46] Other local industries reflect the city's status as a regional base for surrounding agricultural regions.
A large employer is the Dubbo Base Hospital, with hospitals (excluding psychiatric hospitals) being the area's single largest employer.[47]
Retail
Dubbo is also considered a major shopping centre for the surrounding regional areas in the Central and Far Western districts of New South Wales. Dubbo has many shopping districts, including the large and very recently renewed Orana Mall (East Dubbo), Macquarie and Talbragar Streets (City Centre), Centro Dubbo, Riverdale, and Tamworth Street local stores (South Dubbo). Dubbo features many boutiques and unique stores, as well as major national stores including
A new suburban shopping centre in West Dubbo contains a Woolworths supermarket (Dubbo's third) and 15 smaller retail shops.[48]
Tourism
Tourism is also a significant local industry. Dubbo features the open-range
Education
The 20 schools and secondary colleges include the Dubbo School of
Architecture
Dubbo has several fine examples of Victorian civic architecture, including the (third) Courthouse (1887), the Lands Office with its use of timber and corrugated iron cladding, and the railway station (1881).
-
Dubbo Courthouse
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Old Bank Building
-
Bungalow home
-
Station Master's Residence; an early Victorian residence
-
Victorian Terraces
Transport
Dubbo Buslines operates services within the city.[55] BusBiz operates coach services under contract to NSW TrainLink and maintains a depot in the city.
Media
Local print media include:
- The Daily Liberal
- The Weekly Dubbo Photo News
- The Weekly Mailbox Shopper
Three commercially licensed radio stations broadcast in the city:
- Triple M broadcasts on FM 93.5, playing rock music.
- 2DU – a local heritage station, it broadcasts on AM 1251.
- Zoo FM – a rock music station, it broadcasts on FM 92.7.
ABC Radio broadcasts five services to the Dubbo area:
The city also has
The Dubbo area is served by five television stations. In common with all Australian TV stations, they now broadcast digital transmissions only, with the primary program in each case being designated as:
- Seven (formerly branded as Prime7 and Prime Television), 7two, 7mate, 7Bravo, 7flix – an affiliate of Seven Network, owned and operated by the Seven Network since 2022 and formerly a Seven Network affiliate.
- 10 Shake – an affiliate of Network 10
- WIN Television's Nine, 9Go!, 9Gem, 9Life – an affiliate of the Nine Network
- NITV
Seven (formerly branded as Prime7 and Prime Television) and WIN Television both produce half-hour-long local news bulletins. Seven News (formerly Prime7 News and Prime News) screens at 6 pm, while WIN News screens at 5:30 pm from Monday to Friday. Nine News Central West was an hour-long bulletin that mixed local and national news, broadcast on the Southern Cross Austereo primary channel, when it was a Nine affiliate.
Sport and recreation
Sports play a big role in Dubbo's community life. Rugby league is popular in Dubbo. Two teams compete in the Group 11 Rugby League – the Dubbo CYMS and Dubbo Macquarie Raiders. The city also has an Australian rules football team, the Dubbo Demons, who were premiers in the Central West Australian Football League in 2007. Two rugby union teams are active, the Dubbo Kangaroos (Roos) and the Dubbo Rhinos, which compete in the Central West Rugby competition, the Blowes Clothing Cup.
Dubbo Junior Cricket Association conducts cricket for over 500 children aged between 5 and 16 during October to March and also conducts first-, second-, and third-grade competitions during this time.
Dubbo has a turf club, which incorporates a
The Dubbo Ultimate Frisbee Federation (DUFF) is the local Ultimate club and organises a local league and the Dubbo Meerkats Mixed rep side.[56] The Dubbo Rams compete in the men's and women's NSW State Basketball Leagues. Netball is also popular in Dubbo with competitions every weekend for all age groups during netball season at the Nita McGrath netball courts near the Macquarie River in Central Dubbo. Dubbo has a large Junior and Senior Hockey Association with representative teams for all ages, while also participating in the Premier League Hockey Competition in both the Men's (Dubbo Lions) and Women's (Dubbo Blue Jays). Soccer is very popular, particularly among children. Dubbo has its own all-age men's and women's competition and has three teams – Dubbo FC Bulls, Westside Panthers, and Orana Spurs, which compete in the Western Premier League. Dubbo also has one of the only 10-lane pools outside of Sydney in NSW, the Dubbo Aquatic and Leisure Centre. The centre hosts meets through the Western Swimming Association (and affiliated clubs Dubbo City Swimtech and Orana Aquatic) and school carnivals.
Dubbo's Caltex Park hosted the annual City vs Country Origin match in 2006, with an attendance of 11,423, and in 2014, with an attendance of more than 9,600 in rainy conditions.[57]
In 2007, Dubbo hosted the Junior World Orienteering Championships with most of the events held in the granite outcrops of the nearby Sappa Bulga Range. From this event, the orienteering club Western Plains Orienteers was born. Other sports popular in Dubbo include lawn bowls, via the huge variety of bowling clubs, and golf (on Dubbo's 27-hole golf course).
In 2022, Dubbo hosted the NSWPSSA Boys Cricket State Championships. The competition took place in Victoria Park, and Lady Cuttler Fields 1–5.
Named for a famous
-
WWI Memorial gates
-
Avenue of jacarandas
-
WWII Memorial
-
Start of Tracker Riley cycle path
-
Shibble Bridge, Tracker Riley cycleway
Notable people
- Kirsty Lee Allan – actress in Australian drama series Sea Patrol
- Frederick William Bamford (1849–1934) – politician[59]
- Canterbury Bulldogs
- Canterbury Bulldogs
- Brandon Costin – former NRL player
- Les Davidson – former NRL international
- Megan Dunn – cyclist winning two gold in the 2010 Delhi Commonwealth Games.
- Kaide Ellis – rugby league player for the St. George Illawarra Dragons
- Tyler Everingham – racing driver
- William Ferguson – Aboriginal leader and organiser of 1938 Day of Mourning protest
- Lizzy Gardiner – costume designer
- Luke Garner – second row for NRL Club Penrith Panthers
- Pearl Gibbs (1901–1983) – Aboriginal leader, lived and died in Dubbo[60]
- Margaret Packham Hargrave – writer, poet, local poultry farmer, wrote for Daily Liberal[61]
- Ella Havelka (born 1989) – first Indigenous person to join The Australian Ballet
- Bob Hewitt (born 1940) – tennis player and convicted rapist
- Geoffrey Lancaster – international concert pianist
- Father John Peter Leary OAM – noted Catholic missionary who worked with Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory was born in Dubbo.[62]
- Jean Lee – the last woman officially executed in Australia, in 1951
- Kate Leigh – Sydney sly grog bar operator
- Adrian Leijer – Australian international soccer player
- Ben McCalman – Australian rugby union player (Western Force, Wallabies)
- Narromine
- Amy Mills (1986–) – Australian Deaflympic gold medallist[63]
- Kyle Noke – international MMA fighter, UFC fighter (Ultimate Fighting Championship)
- Dean Pay – former NRL international and coach, grew up and retired in Dubbo
- David Peachey – former NRL player
- Steve Peacocke – actor, known for his role in soap opera Home and Away
- Luke Priddis – former NRL player
- The Reels – 1980s pop band, founders: John Bliss, Craig Hooper, Dave Mason
- Andrew Ryan – former NRL player and current ABC Radio GrandstandRugby League sideline expert
- Mark Soden – former NRL player
- Robert Adam Spears (1893–1950) – professional cyclist[59]
- Nicole Sykes– Australian International soccer player, and captain for Canberra United
- Ashleigh Sykes – Australian International soccer player
- Thirsty Merc – Australian rock band
- Barrie Unsworth – 36th Premier of New South Wales
- NSW Labor PartyState MP and Parliamentary Secretary
- Isaah Yeo – rugby league player and co-captain of the Penrith Panthers
- Justin Yeo – former NRL player
See also
References
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- ^ a b "Local Government Act, 1919.—Proclamation". Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales. No. 97. New South Wales, Australia. 9 September 1966. p. 3700. Retrieved 30 April 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
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- ^ a b c "Dubbo Airport AWS". Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. September 2014. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
- ISBN 1-876429-14-3
- ^ AGENDA ORDINARY COUNCIL MEETING 26 MAY 2022
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- ^ a b c d "Australian Heritage – Dubbo". Australian Heritage – Historical Towns Directory. Heritage Australia Publishing. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
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- ^ "HMS - ViewItem". www.hms.heritage.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
- ^ https://www.dubbo.nsw.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/464/Dubbo%20Urban%20Heritage%20Review%202007%20Volume%201.pdf.aspx?Embed=Y pg 67
- New South Wales Government Gazette. No. 157. New South Wales, Australia. 23 November 1849. p. 1742. Retrieved 30 April 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
- New South Wales Government Gazette. No. 122. New South Wales, Australia. 18 October 1850. pp. 1613–1616. Retrieved 30 April 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ a b Bozier, Rolfe. "Dubbo Station". NSWrail.net. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
- ^ "EXTENSION OF THE RAILWAY FROM WELLINGTON TO DUB[?]". The Sydney Morning Herald. National Library of Australia. 31 January 1881. p. 3. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
- ^ "OUR RAILWAYS". The Sydney Morning Herald. National Library of Australia. 14 February 1881. p. 7. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
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- ^ "Dubbo". Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW. Geographical Names Board of New South Wales. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
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- ISBN 978-94-009-3099-5.
- ^ "Biodiversity survey and assessment" (PDF). Charles Sturt University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 January 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
- ^ Sahukar, R. Gallery, C., Smart, J. and Mitchell, P. (2003). The Bioregions of New South Wales – Their biodiversity, conservation and history. NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville.
- ^ "Heavy fall of snow in Dubbo". The Dubbo Liberal and Macquarie Advocate. Trove. 7 July 1900. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
- ^ "Sydney (Observatory Hill)". Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. March 2013. Retrieved 11 March 2013.
- ^ "Climate Information". Archived from the original on 22 April 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
- Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
- ^ "Statistics by Catalogue Number". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ^ "Search Census data". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ^ "Program aims to cut Dubbo unemployment". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 24 June 2005. Archived from the original on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2008..
- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Dubbo (State Suburb)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
- ^ "Application lodged for west Dubbo shopping centre". ABC News. ABC Online. 11 March 2008. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
- ^ McCANN, JILL (7 June 2001). "Dubbo High may be gone but will not be forgotten". Daily Liberal. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
- ^ "Dubbo". WalkAbout. Archived from the original on 23 February 2008. Retrieved 19 April 2008..
- ^ "Western timetable". NSW TrainLink. 7 September 2019.
- ^ NSW Region train fleet on track Transport for New South Wales 14 August 2017
- ^ Dubbo Maintenance Facility: Review of Environmental Factors Transport for NSW 1 August 2018
- ^ "Regional Rail". Transport for NSW. 31 May 2017. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
- ^ Home Dubbo Buslines
- ^ "Dubbo Ultimate Frisbee Federation". Archived from the original on 4 April 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
- ^ AAP (13 May 2006). "Finch shines for Country". TVNZ. Archived from the original on 18 October 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
- ^ "Tracker Riley cycleway". NSW Government. 24 February 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
- ^ a b "Browsing birth town: Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Archived from the original on 18 October 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ Goodall, Heather (2007). "Gibbs, Pearl Mary (Gambanyi) (1901–1983)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Melbourne: MUP.
- ^ Packham Hargrave, Margaret (15 February 2011). "Councillor for C Ward". LinkMe. Archived from the original on 31 October 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
- ^ "Father John Peter Leary MSC". misacor.org.au. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
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- ^ Serisier, Jean Emile (1824–1881). Australian Dictionary of Biography, Online. Archived from the original on 12 August 2008. Retrieved 19 April 2008.
- ^ "Shoyoen Sister City Garden & Jurian Ceremonial Tea House Points of Interest" (PDF). Dubbo City Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 August 2007. Retrieved 19 April 2008.
- ^ Dubbo The City and its History by Bill Hornage
- ^ Dubbo City on the Plain by Marion Dormer
External links
Media related to Dubbo at Wikimedia Commons