Duchy of Carinthia
Duchy of Carinthia | |||||||||||||
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976–1918 | |||||||||||||
State of the Holy Roman Empire (until 1806), Part of the Habsburg monarchy (from 1526), constituent land of the Austrian Empire (1804–67), Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary (from 1867) | |||||||||||||
Capital | Sankt Veit an der Glan (Šentvid ob Glini) until 1518, then Klagenfurt (Celovec) | ||||||||||||
Common languages | Southern Bavarian, Carinthian Slovene | ||||||||||||
Government | Duchy | ||||||||||||
Duke | |||||||||||||
• 976–978 | Henry I (first) | ||||||||||||
• 1916–1918 | Charles I (last) | ||||||||||||
Historical era | Carinthian Plebiscite | 1920 | |||||||||||
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Today part of |
The Duchy of Carinthia (
Carinthia remained a State of the
History
In the seventh century the area was part of the Slavic principality of
Establishment
Duke Henry's son Henry II "the Quarreller" from 974 onwards, revolted against his cousin Emperor Otto II, whereupon he was deposed as Duke of Bavaria in favour of Otto's nephew Duke Otto I of Swabia. At the same time Emperor Otto II created a sixth duchy in addition to the original stem duchies, the new Duchy of Carinthia. He reverted the possession of the territories to the Luitpoldings, when he split Carinthia from the Bavarian lands and installed the former Duke Berthold's son Henry the Younger as duke in 976.
Over the centuries, the name 'Carinthia' (Kärnten) gradually replaced former 'Carantania'. The realm of the Carinthian dukes initially comprised a vast territory including the marches of
Eppensteins and Sponheims
Carinthia, however, remained a separate entity, and in 1012 Count
The remainder of Carinthia passed from Duke Henry III to his godchild Henry from the
Habsburgs
Rudolf, after being elected
Empress
In 1867, the duchy became a crown land of Cisleithania, the western part of Austria-Hungary (see History of Austria).
Over the centuries, the
World War I and Carinthian Plebiscite
During World War I, Carinthia experienced a relatively high number of war deaths: thirty-seven for every 1,000 inhabitants. This was higher than in most other German-speaking areas of Austria-Hungary (except German South Moravia).[2]
Following the end of the war and the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, the 1919
The Austrian part of the former duchy today forms the
Area and population
Area:
- Total: 10,327 km2 (3,987 sq mi)
Population (1910 Census):
- Total: 396,228
Linguistic composition
According to the last Austrian Imperial census of 1910, the Duchy of Carinthia was composed of the following linguistic communities:
Total: 396,228
- German: 304,315 (76.80%)
- Slovene: 82,212 (20.75%)
- Italian: 82 (0.02%)
- Other languages or foreigners: 9,619 (2.43%)
The Austrian censuses did not count
Religious composition
Total: 396,228
- Roman Catholics: 371,361 (93.72%)
- Protestants: 24,299 (6.13%)
- Jewish: 341 (0.09%)
- Other religions or unknown: 227 (0.06%)
Dukes of Carinthia
Various dynasties
- Berthold I (927–938)
- Henry I (976–978)
- Otto I (978–985)
- Henry I (985–989), again, Duke of Bavaria983–985
- Duke of Bavaria985–995
- Duke of Bavaria995–1005
- Otto I (1002–1004), again
- Conrad I (1004–1011)
- Adalbero/Albert I (1011–1035)
- Conrad II (1036–1039)
- Duke of Bavaria 1026–1041 and Holy Roman Emperor1046–1056
- Welf (1047–1055)
- Conrad III (1056–1061)
- Berthold II (1061–1077)
House of Sponheim
- Henry IV (1122–1123)
- Engelbert (1123–1134)
- Ulrich I(1134–1144)
- Henry V (1144–1161)
- Herman (1161–1181)
- Ulrich II (1181–1201)
- Bernhard (regent from 1199, duke 1202–1256)
- Ulrich III (1256–1269)
Various dynasties
- King of Bohemia1253–1278
- Rudolph I (1276–1286), also King of Germany1273–1291
Gorizia-Tyrol
- Meinhard(1286–1295)
- King of Bohemia1306/1307–1310, jointly with his brothers
- Louis (1295–1305)
- Otto III(1295–1310)
House of Habsburg
- Otto IV (1335–1339), jointly with his brother
- Albert II(1335–1358)
- Frederick Ι(1358–1362), jointly with his brother
- Rudolph II(1358–1365)
- Albert III(1365–1379)
Leopoldian line
- Leopold(1379–1386)
- William(1386–1406)
- Ernest(1406–1424)
- Frederick ΙΙ (1424–1493)
Habsburg territories reunified in 1458
- Maximilian (1493–1519), also Holy Roman Emperor 1508–1519
- Charles I (1519–1558), also Holy Roman Emperor 1519–1556
- Ferdinand I (1521–1564), also Holy Roman Emperor 1558–1564
Inner Austrian Habsburgs
- Charles II(1564–1590)
- Ferdinand II (1590–1637), also Holy Roman Emperor 1619–1637
Carinthia was unified with the rest of the Habsburg territories again in 1619. See List of rulers of Austria
See also
- Carantania
- Carantanians
- Carinthian Slovenes
- History of Austria
- History of Slovenia
- Black panther (symbol)
Notes and references
- ^ a b Mediaeval Genealogy Archived December 14, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Rothenburg, G. The Army of Francis Joseph. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press, 1976. p 218.
- ^ a b ”Kärnten.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Ultimate Reference Suite. Chicago 2010.
External links
Val Canale/Canal Valley - region of Carinthia now part of Italy