Duchy of Modena and Reggio
Duchy of Modena and Reggio
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|---|---|---|
| 1452–1796 1814–1859 | ||
.svg) Coat of arms used from 1830 until 1859
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| Motto: Dextera Domini exaltavit me ( Duke | | |
• 1452–1471 | Borso d'Este (first) | |
• 1846–1859 | Francesco V (last) | |
| Historical era | Early modern era | |
• Created | 1452 | |
| 1796 | ||
• Re-established | 1814 | |
• Merged to form the United Provinces of Central Italy | 1859 | |
| Population | ||
• Estimate | 605,000[1] | |
| Today part of | Italy | |
.svg)
The Duchy of Modena and Reggio (
Emilian: Duchêt ed Mòdna e Rèz[citation needed]) was an Italian state created in 1452 located in Northwestern Italy, in the present day region of Emilia-Romagna. It was ruled since its establishment by the noble House of Este, and since 1814 by the Austria-Este branch of the family.[2] The Este dynasty was a great sponsor of the arts, making the Duchy a cultural reference during the Renaissance and Baroque periods.[3][4]
House of Este
In 1452 Emperor
Borso d'Este, whose family had ruled the city of Modena and nearby Reggio Emilia for centuries. Borso in 1450 had also succeeded his brother as margrave in the adjacent Papal Duchy of Ferrara, where he received the ducal title in 1471. The Este lands on the southern border of the Holy Roman Empire with the Papal States
formed a stabilizing buffer state in the interest of both.
The first Este dukes ruled well and the city achieved an economic and cultural peak: Borso's successor Duke
Cesare d'Este; however, the succession was not acknowledged by Pope Clement VIII
and Ferrara was finally seized by the Papacy. Cesare was able to retain Modena and Reggio as Imperial fiefs.
In the 1628
Rinaldo was ousted by French troops under Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme, he could not return until 1707. In 1711 the small Duchy of Mirandola was absorbed by the Este. His successor Francesco III backed France in the 1740 War of the Austrian Succession and was expelled by Habsburg forces, but his duchy was restored by the 1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
.
In 1796 Modena was again occupied by a French army under
Ferdinand of Austria, an uncle of Emperor Francis II
.
House of Austria-Este
With the dissolution of the
Napoleon I after the Battle of Waterloo, Ferdinand's son, Francis IV, again assumed the rule as Duke of Modena. In December 1815 he obtained the transfer from his mother Maria Beatrice d'Este of the former imperial fiefs in Lunigiana, not reconstituted by the Congress of Vienna and bestowed upon her, and, on her death in 1829, he also inherited the territories of Duchy of Massa and Carrara belonging to her suo jure
.
In the course of the
1831 and 1848
, but soon returned.
During the
Parma to form the "United Provinces of Central Italy", which were annexed to the growing Kingdom of Sardinia in March 1860, which led the Italian unification movement, which further led to the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
in 1861.
Provinces of the Duchy before the dissolution
- Modena (Duchy of Modena)
- Reggio (Duchy of Reggio)
- Guastalla
- Frignano
- Garfagnana
- Lunigiana
- Massa and Carrara (Duchy of Massa and Carrara)
Traditional titles
The Duke of Modena was:[5]
- Duke of Modena (Lord 1288, Duke 1452) and Reggio (nell'Emilia) (Lord 1289, Duke 1452)
- Duke of Ferrara (Lord 1264, Duke 1471–1597)
- Duke of La Mirandola (1710), Massa (1829) and Guastalla (1847)
- Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, Prince of Carpi (Count 1530, Price 1535), Correggio (1635), San Martino in Rio (1752) and of Carrara (1829),
- Marquis of Montecchio (1597, marquessate in 1569), of Scandiano (1645) and La Concordia (1710)
- Count palatine of Novellara (1737) and Bagnolo (1737),
- Count of Jeno ed Avad (Hungary, 1726)
- Lord of Sassuolo (1373), San Martino in Spino (1710), Campogalliano (1752), Castellarano (1752), Rodeglia (1752), Ieno and San Cassiano
Knighthood orders
The
Duke of Modena, since Francis V
, was Grand Master of the :
- Order of the Eagle of Este[6]
[7] - Order of Seniority of Service (it)
Historical flags and coat of arms
- Before 1830
-
Flag before 1830 -
Coat of arms before 1830
.svg)
.svg)
- After 1830
-
Civil flag and Civil ensign 1830–1859 -
State flag 1830–1859 -
1830–1859
See also
- List of Dukes of Ferrara and of Modena
- Historical states of Italy
- Duchy of Ferrara
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Duchy of Modena and Reggio.
- ^ Mariani. Almanacco etrusco cronologico statistico mercantile (in Italian). pp. 214–215.
- ISBN 978-1-884964-02-2. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
- ^ Costa, Carla. "Modena barocca". baroque, arte e cultura nel periodo barocco (in Italian). Retrieved 2022-04-23.
- ^ "Gli Este. Rinascimento e Barocco a Ferrara e Modena - S. Casciu - M. Toffanello - Libro - Franco Cosimo Panini - Arte estensi | IBS". www.ibs.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2022-04-23.
- ^ "Modena Ducale – Associazione "Legittimismo Estense"". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
- ^ Star Archived May 14, 2014, at the Wayback Machine;
- ^ Sash & Star
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