Duchy of Oldenburg
Duchy of Oldenburg Herzogtum Oldenburg (German) | |||||||||||
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1774–1810 | |||||||||||
William (last duke before French annexation) | |||||||||||
History | |||||||||||
• Created on breakup of Saxony | 1091 | ||||||||||
• Raised to duchy | 1774 | ||||||||||
• Annexed by France | 1810 | ||||||||||
• Re-established as a grand duchy | 1815 | ||||||||||
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Today part of | Germany |
The Duchy of Oldenburg (German: Herzogtum Oldenburg), named for its capital, the town of Oldenburg, was a state in the north-west of present-day Germany. The counts of Oldenburg died out in 1667, after which it became a duchy until 1810, when it was annexed by the First French Empire. It was located near the mouth of the River Weser.
When the main lineage of the
Its ruling family, the House of Oldenburg, also came to rule in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Greece and Russia.[1] The heir of a junior line of the Greek branch, through Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, hold the thrones of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms after the passing of Queen Elizabeth II.
History
The first known count of Oldenburg was
During the early part of the 13th century, the counts carried on a series of wars with independent, or semi-independent, Frisian princes to the north and west of the county, which resulted in a gradual expansion of the Oldenburgian territory. The Free Hanseatic City of Bremen and the bishop of Münster were also frequently at war with the counts of Oldenburg.[1]
In 1440, Christian succeeded his father
In 1450, Christian became
Early in the 16th century, Oldenburg was again enlarged at the expense of the Frisians.
Anthony's grandson,
Under the 1773
By the
Jewish history
The oldest documentation of
The duchy was the last part of
Aftermath
In 1815, the Duchy acquired the Principality of Birkenfeld and became a grand duchy.[1] In 1871, Oldenburg joined the German Empire,[1] and in 1918, it became a free state within the Weimar Republic.
In 1937 (with the
In 1946, after World War II, Oldenburg merged into the newly founded state of Lower Saxony and formed, territorially unchanged, the administrative region (Verwaltungsbezirk) of Oldenburg. The Region and State both became a part of West Germany in 1949. The administrative region was abolished in 1978 and merged with neighbouring governorates (Regierungsbezirke) into the new region of Weser-Ems, which was dissolved in 2004.
Gallery
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Oldenburg parliament building (German: Landtag)
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Chisholm 1911, pp. 72.
- ^ The presence of Jews in Oldenburg during the Middle Ages is proved by a very old bronze seal-ring, found in the immediate neighborhood, on which are depicted two swimming frogs together with the words: "Reuben, the son of R. Jeremiah—may his memory be blessed
- ^ a b Deutsch, Gotthard; Lewinsky, Abraham (1905). "Oldenburg". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. 9. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 393.
- ^ From a document of the knight Leborius of Bremen
- ^ "Oldenburg". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
- ^ Lars Menk: A Dictionary of German-Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, Bergenfield, 2005. pp. 3–4
References
- public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Oldenburg". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 71, 72. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the