Duke of Hamilton
Dukedom of Hamilton held with Dukedom of Brandon | |
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Duke of Hamilton is a title in the
Overview
The titles held by the current duke of Hamilton and Brandon are:
Peerage of Scotland
- 16th Duke of Hamilton (created 1643)
- 13th Marquess of Douglas (created 1633)
- 16th Marquess of Clydesdale (created 1643)
- 23rd Earl of Angus (created 1389)
- 13th Earl of Angus (created 1633)
- 15th Earl of Lanark (created 1639)
- 16th Earl of Arran and Cambridge (created 1643)
- 13th Lord Abernethy and Jedburgh Forest (created 1633)
- 15th Lord Machanshyre and Polmont (created 1639)
- 16th Lord Aven and Innerdale (created 1643)
Peerage of Great Britain
- 13th Duke of Brandon, in the County of Suffolk (created 1711)
- 13th Baron Dutton, in the County of Chester (created 1711)
Other offices and duties
The duke of Hamilton and Brandon is the hereditary keeper of the
Courtesy titles
The
Before the dukes succeeded to the Marquessate of Douglas and its subsidiary titles, the heirs apparent were styled initially "Earl of Arran" (which had previously been used as a courtesy title by the marquesses of Hamilton) and later "Marquess of Clydesdale" (the former style then being adopted for a grandson in direct line). The heir apparent to the Earldom of Lanark (before that title merged with the dukedom) was styled "Lord Polmont".
Multiple dukedoms
The duke of Hamilton and Brandon is one of only five British peers to hold more than one dukedom, the others being:
- the Prince of Wales (who is Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, and Duke of Cambridge);
- the Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry;
- the Duke of Argyll (who holds two Dukedoms of Argyll); and
- the Duke of Richmond, Lennox and Gordon
Historically, several other peers have held multiple dukedoms, including the Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne and Newcastle-under-Lyne, the Duke of Argyll and Greenwich, the Duke of Monmouth and Buccleuch and the two Dukes of Queensberry and Dover and some other mainly royal dukes.
House of Hamilton
Lairds of Cadzow
Gilbert de Hameldun is recorded as witnessing a charter confirming the gift of the church at Cragyn to the
The 1st laird of Cadzow was succeeded as the 2nd laird by his son Sir David fitz Walter. He was a supporter of King David II and fought at the Battle of Neville's Cross (Battle of Durham) where he was captured along with the King. His son David Hamilton, the 3rd laird, was the first to establish Hamilton as the family name. David Hamilton's son Sir John Hamilton became the 4th laird and was, in turn, succeeded as the 5th laird by his son James Hamilton.
Lords Hamilton and Earls of Arran
The 5th laird was succeeded as 6th laird by his son,
The 2nd Earl was succeeded by his eldest son,
Marquesses and Dukes of Hamilton
The 3rd Earl's younger brother
His son, James, 3rd Marquess of Hamilton, was created Duke of Hamilton, Marquess of Clydesdale, Earl of Arran and Cambridge and Lord Aven and Innerdale on 12 April 1643,[13] with a special remainder allowing succession through the female line should his and his brother's heirs male fail. His son, Charles, Earl of Arran, died young and the 1st Duke's titles passed to his younger brother, William, 2nd Duke of Hamilton, who had already been created Earl of Lanark and Lord Machanshire and Polmont on 31 March 1639. A surrender and regrant in 1650 allowed these also to be inherited by the 1st Duke's elder daughter. Upon his death in 1651, with no further heirs in the immediate male line, the Dukedom (and the titles created with it), as well as the Earldom of Lanark (and the title created with it), passed to that daughter, Anne, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton. The 1503 Earldom of Arran and the Lordship of Hamilton became dormant,[14] and all the other titles (the Marquessate of Hamilton, the 1599 Earldom of Arran and the Lordships of Hamilton, Aven and Aberbrothwick in the Peerage of Scotland, and the Earldom of Cambridge and the Barony of Innerdale in the Peerage of England) became extinct.
In 1656, the 3rd Duchess married
On 9 July 1698, the 3rd Duchess resigned all her titles in favour of her eldest son,
on 15 November 1712.The 4th Duke's son
Succession to the Dukedom of Hamilton
The letters patent that created the Dukedom of Hamilton contained a special remainder. It stipulated that the Dukedom should descend to:
- heirs male of the body of the grantee, failing which to
- the grantee's brother and heirs male of the body of the grantee's brother, failing which to
- the grantee's eldest daughter and heirs male of her body, failing which to
- nearest heirs whatsoever of the grantee.[1]
As the first Duke and his brother (the second Duke) both died without surviving sons, the succession has, since 1651, been governed by the third rule given, with the dukedom going to the grantee's daughter (the third Duchess) and her heirs male.
House of Douglas
George Douglas, an illegitimate son of William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas, was created Earl of Angus on 9 April 1389.[18]
His descendant, William, 11th Earl of Angus, was created Marquess of Douglas, Earl of Angus and Lord Abernethy and Jedburgh Forest on 14 June 1633.[19]
His great-grandson, Archibald, 3rd Marquess of Douglas, was created Duke of Douglas, Marquess of Angus and Abernethy, Viscount of Jedburgh Forest and Lord Douglas of Bonkill, Prestoun and Robertoun on 10 April 1703.
He died, married but childless, in 1761, at which point the Dukedom of Douglas (and the titles created with it) became extinct, but the Marquessate of Douglas, both Earldoms of Angus and the Lordship of Abernethy and Jedburgh Forest passed to his second cousin twice removed and heir male, James Hamilton, 7th Duke of Hamilton.
Arms
The arms of the current Duke of Hamilton and Brandon are: quarterly: 1st and 4th grand quarters: quarterly: 1st and 4th, Gules three Cinquefoils Ermine (for Hamilton); 2nd and 3rd, Argent a Lymphad with the sails furled proper flagged Gules (for Arran); 2nd and 3rd grand quarters: Argent a Heart Gules imperially crowned Or on a Chief Azure three Mullets of the first (for Douglas).
The achievement has two
List of titleholders
Lairds of Cadzow (c. 1315)
- Sir Walter fitz Gilbert, 1st of Cadzow (c. 1250– bef. 1336)
- Sir David fitz Walter, 2nd of Cadzow (c. 1310–1374/1378)
- Sir David Hamilton, 3rd of Cadzow (c. 1333–c. 1392)
- Sir John Hamilton, 4th of Cadzow (died bef. 1410)
- Sir James Hamilton, 5th of Cadzow (died bef. 1441)
- Sir James Hamilton, 6th of Cadzow (died 1479) (created Lord Hamilton in 1445)
Lords Hamilton (1445)
- James Hamilton, 1st Lord Hamilton (died 1479)
- James Hamilton, 2nd Lord Hamilton (c.1475–1529) (created Earl of Arran in 1503)
Earls of Arran, second Creation (1503)
- James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran (c. 1475–1529)
- James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran (1515–1575) (also Duke of Châtellerault in the French nobility from 1548 until 1559)
- James Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Arran (1533/1538–1609) (under attainder 1579–1585)
- James Hamilton, 4th Earl of Arran (1589–1625) (had already succeeded as 2nd Marquess of Hamilton)
Marquesses of Hamilton (1599)
- John Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Hamilton (c. 1535–1604) (created Marquess of Hamilton in the lifetime of his elder brother, the 3rd Earl of Arran)
- James Hamilton, 2nd Marquess of Hamilton, 1st Earl of Cambridge (1589–1625) (succeeded as 4th Earl of Arran in 1609)
- James Hamilton, 3rd Marquess of Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Cambridge (1606–1649) (created Duke of Hamilton in 1643)
- Charles Hamilton, Earl of Arran (1634–1640) (eldest son of the 3rd Marquess, predeceased his father in childhood)
Dukes of Hamilton (1643)
- James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Cambridge (1606–1649)
- Charles Hamilton, Earl of Arran (died 1640)
- William Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Cambridge (1616–1651)
- James Hamilton, Lord Polmont (died 1648)
- Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton (c. 1631–1716) (resigned the Dukedom in her son's favour in 1698)
- m. William Douglas later Hamilton, Duke of Hamilton, 1st Earl of Selkirk (1635–1694) (created Duke of Hamilton for life in 1660)
- James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton, 1st Duke of Brandon (1658–1712) (created Duke of Brandon in 1711)
- James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Brandon (1703–1743)
- James Hamilton, 6th Duke of Hamilton, 3rd Duke of Brandon (1724–1758)
- James Hamilton, 7th Duke of Hamilton, 4th Duke of Brandon (1755–1769) (succeeded as 4th Marquess of Douglas in 1761)
- Douglas Hamilton, 8th Duke of Hamilton, 5th Duke of Brandon (1756–1799)
- Archibald Hamilton, 9th Duke of Hamilton, 6th Duke of Brandon (1740–1819)
- Alexander Hamilton, 10th Duke of Hamilton, 7th Duke of Brandon (1767–1852)[20]
- William Hamilton, 11th Duke of Hamilton, 8th Duke of Brandon (1811–1863)[21]
- William Alexander Louis Stephen Douglas-Hamilton, 12th Duke of Hamilton, 9th Duke of Brandon, 8th Earl of Selkirk (1845–1895)[22]
- Alfred Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 13th Duke of Hamilton, 10th Duke of Brandon, 9th Earl of Selkirk (1862–1940)
- Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of Hamilton, 11th Duke of Brandon (1903–1973)
- Angus Alan Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 15th Duke of Hamilton, 12th Duke of Brandon (1938–2010)
- Alexander Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 16th Duke of Hamilton, 13th Duke of Brandon (born 1978)
The heir apparent is the present Duke's eldest son Douglas Charles Douglas-Hamilton, Marquess of Douglas and Clydesdale (born 2012).[23]
Line of succession
Line of succession (simplified)
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The next heir is (under provision 4 of the special remainder) the heir whatsoever of the 3rd Duchess, namely Edward Stanley, 19th Earl of Derby (b. 1962) (a descendant of the 6th Duke through his only daughter, Lady Elizabeth Hamilton, who married Edward Smith-Stanley, 12th Earl of Derby). Lord Derby is not, however, an heir to the Marquessate of Douglas and its subsidiary titles, which would pass to the heir male (a junior-line descendant of one of the Earls of Angus, as the heirs male of the body of the 3rd Duchess are the only remaining heirs male of the body of the 1st Marquess of Douglas).[clarification needed] He is also not an heir to the Dukedom of Brandon or the Barony of Dutton, which are limited to the heirs male of the body of the 3rd Duchess. |
Family Tree
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See also
- Clan Hamilton
- Clan Douglas
- Earl of Angus
- Earl of Arran (Scotland)
- Earl of Orkney
- Earl of Selkirk
- Lord Abernethy
- Hamilton Palace and Hamilton Mausoleum
- Brodick Castle
- Lennoxlove House
- Holyrood Palace
- Duke of Abercorn
- Lord Belhaven and Stenton
References
- ^ a b Sinclair, Alexander: Dissertation upon "heirs male,": when used as a clause of remainder in grants of Scotch peerages, with some incidental discussions, William Blackwood and sons, 1837.
- ^ Gallagher, Toney (6 June 2010). "Obituaries – The Duke of Hamilton". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
The 15th Duke of Hamilton and 12th Duke of Brandon [...] was uncomfortable in his role as Premier Peer of Scotland and hereditary Keeper of Holyroodhouse Palace, the Queen's official residence in Scotland. [...] As Lord Abernethy he was hereditary Bearer of the Crown of Scotland [...] In 1999, at the inauguration of the Scottish Parliament, he cut a striking figure while performing the role before the Queen.
- ^ "The Scots peerage : Founded on Wood's ed. Of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom".
- ^ Maxwell, Vol II, pp 2–7,p 17
- ^ "Scottish Parliament". BBC News. 6 June 2010. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
- ^ "Crown of Scotland placed on Queen's coffin". BBC News. 12 September 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
- ^ Balfour Paul, Sir James (1907), The Scots Peerage, vol. IV, Edinburgh: David Douglas, pp. 349–350
- ^ Balfour Paul, Sir James (1907), The Scots Peerage, vol. IV, Edinburgh: David Douglas, p. 355
- ^ Velde, François (22 April 2010). "Scots Members of the French Nobility". Retrieved 5 March 2011.
- ^ "Courtesy Titles".
- ^ Balfour Paul, Sir James (1907), The Scots Peerage, vol. IV, Edinburgh: David Douglas, p. 372
- ^ Balfour Paul, Sir James (1907), The Scots Peerage, vol. IV, Edinburgh: David Douglas, p. 373
- ^ Balfour Paul, Sir James (1907), The Scots Peerage, vol. IV, Edinburgh: David Douglas, p. 377
- ^ The heir male was James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Abercorn, grandson of the third son of the 2nd Earl of Arran. Neither he nor his successors, the Earls, Marquesses and Dukes of Abercorn, have claimed either title.
- ^ a b Balfour Paul, Sir James (1907), The Scots Peerage, vol. IV, Edinburgh: David Douglas, p. 381
- ^ Balfour Paul, Sir James (1907), The Scots Peerage, vol. IV, Edinburgh: David Douglas, p. 384
- ^ Hesilrige 1921, p. 435.
- ^ Balfour Paul, Sir James (1905), The Scots Peerage, vol. I, Edinburgh: David Douglas, p. 173
- ^ Balfour Paul, Sir James (1905), The Scots Peerage, vol. I, Edinburgh: David Douglas, pp. 203–204
- doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/7857. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) but Alexander Hamilton, 10th Duke of Hamilton in National Portrait Gallery
- ^ Named as William Alexander Anthony Archibald Douglas-Hamilton, 11th Duke of Hamilton and 8th Duke of Brandon in National Portrait Gallery
- Complete Peerage, Vol. VI, p 275 shows this Duke and his heirs as Douglas-Hamiltons, all previous Dukes as Hamiltons; some other sources show the 10th and 11th Dukes as Douglas-Hamilton as well.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-999767-0-5-1.
- ISBN 2-940085-02-1.
- ISBN 978-1-999767-0-5-1.
Works cited
- Hesilrige, Arthur G. M. (1921). Debrett's Peerage and Titles of courtesy. 160A, )
- Burke's Peerage and Baronetage. Vol. 106. 1999. pp. 1742–1748.
- Marshall, Rosalind K. (1974). The Days of Duchess Anne, Life in the Household of the Duchess of Hamilton 1656–1716. )
- A history of the house of Douglas from the earliest times down to the legislative union of England and Scotland. Vol. 1, 2. 217, Picadilly w, )
External links
- Hamilton family portraits Archived 2 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- Lennoxlove House
- Palace of Holyroodhouse