Duke of Lancaster

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the title. For the ships, see Duke of Lancaster (ship). For the regiment of the British Army, see Duke of Lancaster's Regiment. For the estate, see Duchy of Lancaster.

Dukedom of Lancaster
Extinct (merged in the Crown)
Extinction date1361 (first creation)
1399 (second creation)
1413 (third creation)
Former seat(s)Lancaster Castle

The dukedom of Lancaster is a former

monarch of the United Kingdom in relation to the County Palatine of Lancaster and the Duchy of Lancaster, an estate held separately from the Crown Estate for the benefit of the sovereign.[1]

History

See also: Earl of Lancaster

There were three creations of the dukedom of Lancaster during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The first creation was on 6 March 1351 for

Lord of Bowland
. When he died in 1361 the peerage became extinct.

The second creation was on 13 November 1362, for

merged in the Crown
.

Henry re-created the dukedom on 10 November 1399 for his eldest son Henry of Monmouth, Prince of Wales. In 1413 Monmouth ascended the throne as King Henry V and the dukedom merged in the crown again, where it has remained ever since.

Nevertheless, the title continues to be used to refer to the monarch in relation to

historic county boundaries of Lancashire and in Lancastrian regiments of the armed forces for the Loyal Toast to be announced as "The King, Duke of Lancaster". In addition, in Lancaster it is still common to hear the national anthem sung as "God save our gracious King, long live our noble Duke".[3][4] However, the legal basis for the sovereign to use the title has been disputed as the right to inheritance of the title only arises upon each creation, which is different than the crown's right to the duchy's estate after the merger. In particular, George V was given legal advice that it was “extremely unlikely” that he was the duke of Lancaster.[5]

First creation, 1351–1361

Duke Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death
Henry of Grosmont
House of Plantagenet
also Earl of Derby (1337), Earl of Leicester (1345), Earl of Lancaster (1345), Earl of Lincoln (1349), Earl of Moray (1359), Lord of Beaufort and Nogent
(1345) 		Henry of Grosmont c. 1310
Grosmont Castle
son of Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster and Maud Chaworth		 Isabel of Beaumont
c. 1337
2 children 		23 March 1361
Leicester Castle
aged 50–51
Henry of Grosmont died in 1361 without male issue.

Second creation, 1362–1399

Duke Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death
Baron of Halton
(1361) 		John of Gaunt 6 March 1340
Edward III and Philippa of Hainault
 Blanche of Lancaster
19 May 1359 – 12 September 1368
8 children
Constance of Castile
21 September 1371 – 24 March 1394
2 children
Katherine Swynford
13 January 1396
4 children 		3 February 1399
Leicester Castle
aged 58
Henry Bolingbroke
House of Lancaster
also Duke of Hereford (1397), Earl of Northampton
(1337) 		Henry Bolingbroke c. April 1367
Bolingbroke Castle
son of John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster 		Mary de Bohun
c. 1381 – 4 June 1394
6 children
Joan of Navarre
7 February 1403
no children 		20 March 1413
Westminster
aged 46
Henry Bolingbroke seized the throne as Henry IV in 1399, and all of his titles merged with the crown.

Third creation, 1399–1413

Duke Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death
Henry of Monmouth
House of Lancaster
also Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (1399), Duke of Cornwall
(1337), Duke of Aquitaine (1390) 		Henry of Monmouth 16 September 1386
Monmouth Castle
son of Henry IV and Mary de Bohun		 Catherine of Valois
2 June 1420
1 child 		31 August 1422
Château de Vincennes
aged 35
Henry of Monmouth succeeded to the throne as Henry V in 1413, and his titles merged with the crown.

Family tree

References

  1. ^ "HM The King, Duke of Lancaster". Duchy of Lancaster. Retrieved 27 November 2022.
  2. ^ "Duchy of Lancaster". Lancaster Castle. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
  3. ^ "The Reverend John Williams". The Daily Telegraph. 24 December 2003.
  4. ISBN 978-0-7524-9746-4
    .
  5. ISBN 978-0-230-73878-2
    .

External links
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