Duke of Northumberland
Dukedom of Northumberland | |
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Duke of Northumberland is a noble title that has been created three times in English and British history, twice in the Peerage of England and once in the Peerage of Great Britain. The current holder of this title is Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland.
1551 creation
The title was first created in the Peerage of England in 1551 for
1683 creation
Jacobite creation
In 1716
1766 creation
The title was created for the third time in 1766 for Hugh Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (formerly Sir Hugh Smithson, 4th Baronet), who had assumed by Act of Parliament in 1750 for himself and his descendants the surname Percy, due to his having married in 1740 the daughter of Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset (1684–1750), whose mother
The above steps formed a deliberate move to allow ancient names and titles of the Percys to be revived in the male-heir exhausted senior branch of the Dukedom of Somerset, which at that time was about to see its largest removal – to another noble but very cadet branch (a fourth cousin) on Algernon's death. Algernon was also created Earl of Egremont at the same time, with a different remainder.[3]
In 1784 the 1st Duke was also granted the substantive title Lord Lovaine, Baron of Alnwick in the County of Northumberland, in the Peerage of Great Britain, with remainder to his second son Lord Algernon Percy,[4] who succeeded and who was created Earl of Beverley in 1790, and thus it too became a courtesy title.[5]
The 1st Duke was succeeded in the dukedom and associated titles by his eldest son,
The 5th Duke was succeeded by his eldest son,
Northumberland Estates manages 100,000 acres (400 km2): directly managing 4,000 acres (16 km2) of forestry and 20,000 acres (81 km2) of farmland, with approximately 100 tenant farmers managing the remaining bulk of the land.[9][10][11]
Other members of the Percy family
Several other members of the Percy family have also gained distinction.
Family residences
The seat of the Dukes of Northumberland is
List of titleholders
Dukes of Northumberland; First creation (1551)
Created by Edward VI of England
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Image | Name | Period | Duchess | Notes | Other titles |
John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland (1504–1553) |
1551–1553 | Jane Guildford | Tudor courtier and general, high treason against Mary I |
Earl of Warwick Viscount Lisle Baron Lisle |
Dukes of Northumberland; Second creation (1683)
Created by Charles II of England | |||||
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Image | Name | Period | Duchess | Notes | Other titles |
George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland (1665–1716) |
1683–1716 | Catherine Wheatley Mary Dutton |
Illegitimate son of Charles II, died without heirs male | Earl of Northumberland Viscount Falmouth Baron of Pontefract |
Earls of Northumberland; Third creation (1749)
Created by George II of Great Britain | |||||
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Image | Name | Period | Countess | Notes | Other titles |
Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset, 1st Earl of Northumberland (1684–1750) | 1749–1750 | Frances Thynne | Grandson of Josceline Percy, 11th Earl of Northumberland | Baron Warkworth
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Hugh Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (1714–1786) | 1750–1786 | Elizabeth Percy, 2nd Baroness Percy |
Son-in-law of Algernon Seymour, 1st Earl of Northumberland; created Duke of Northumberland in 1766 | Baron Warkworth
Baronet of Stanwick |
Dukes of Northumberland; Third creation (1766)
Created by George III of Great Britain
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Image | Name | Period | Duchess | Notes | Other titles |
Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland (1714–1786) |
1766–1786 | Elizabeth Percy, 2nd Baroness Percy |
Created Lord Lovaine in 1784, with remainder to his second son Lord Algernon Percy, later 2nd Lord Lovaine and 1st Earl of Beverley . |
Baron Lovaine
Baronet of Stanwick | |
Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland (1742–1817) |
1786–1817 | Frances Burrell | Son of the preceding | Baron Warkworth
Baronet of Stanwick | |
Hugh Percy, 3rd Duke of Northumberland (1785–1847) |
1817–1847 | Lady Charlotte Clive | Son of the preceding; had been summoned to the House of Lords as Baron Percy in 1812 | ||
Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of Northumberland (1792–1865) |
1847–1865 | Lady Eleanor Grosvenor | Brother of the preceding; had been created Baron Prudhoe in his own right in 1814 |
Baron Prudhoe
Baronet of Stanwick | |
George Percy, 5th Duke of Northumberland (1778–1867) | 1865–1867 | widowed | Cousin of the preceding; eldest son of Algernon Percy, 1st Earl of Beverley, second son of the 1st Duke of Northumberland – had succeeded in earldom in 1830 | Lord Lovaine
Baronet of Stanwick | |
Algernon George Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland (1810–1899) | 1867–1899 | Louisa Drummond | Son of the preceding | ||
Henry George Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland (1846–1918) | 1899–1918 | Lady Edith Campbell | Son of the preceding; had been summoned to the House of Lords as Lord Lovaine in 1887 | ||
Alan Ian Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland (1880–1930) | 1918–1930 | Lady Helen Gordon-Lennox | Son of the preceding | ||
Henry George Alan Percy, 9th Duke of Northumberland (1912–1940) | 1930–1940 | none | Son of the preceding | ||
Hugh Algernon Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland (1914–1988) | 1940–1988 | Lady Elizabeth Montagu Douglas Scott |
Brother of the preceding | Lord Lovaine
Baronet of Stanwick | |
Henry Alan Walter Richard Percy, 11th Duke of Northumberland (1953–1995) | 1988–1995 | none | Son of the preceding | ||
Ralph George Algernon Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland (b. 1956) | since 1995 | Jane Richard | Brother of the preceding |
The heir apparent is the present holder's elder son George Percy, Earl Percy (b. 1984)
Family tree
Family tree of the Earls and Dukes of Northumberland and Earls of Beverley | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Coat of arms
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Ducal pipers
Since at least the mid 18th century, the family has maintained a Northumbrian piper; the earliest known of these was Joseph Turnbull, who was painted in 1756 playing his pipes; the portrait, entitled Joseph Turnbull, Piper to the Duchess of Northumberland is at Alnwick Castle. At this time, before the Third Creation of the Dukedom, he would actually have been piper to the Countess. A later piper, William Green stated that "Joe Turnbull was the first Piper at Alnwick Castle – that was ever!" A list of the Ducal Pipers is at.[15] The present Ducal Piper is Richard Butler. The piper's main duty is to play at the Shrove Tuesday football match in Alnwick.
Other pipers have been associated less formally with the family – the notorious piper James Allan (1729–1810) was a favourite of the Countess; in the last century Tom Clough and Richard Mowat are known to have played together with the Duke's then piper, James Hall, for the Duke and his guests at Alnwick; one such guest was Edward VII, in 1905.[16]
Named in their honour
- Northumberland Islands, off Queensland, Australia[17]
- Northumberland Islands National Park, a protected area in Queensland
- Percy Isles, off Queensland, Australia[18]
- Percy Isles National Park, a protected area in Queensland
In popular culture
- Henry IV, Part One. Sir Henry was the eldest son and heir apparent of the 1st Earl of Northumberland and would have succeeded his father if not for his untimely death at the Battle of Shrewsbury.
- Lord Percy Percy, played by Tim McInnerny, is a major character in the first two series of the British sitcom Blackadder. In the first series, he is the Duke of Northumberland, while the Lord Percy in the second series is presumably his descendant and is heir to the dukedom. The first series was partly filmed at Alnwick Castle, the residence and seat of the real Dukes of Northumberland.
See also
- Alnwick Castle – the family's main residence
- Alnwick Garden – adjacent to Alnwick Castle
- Northumberland House – the family's former residence in central London (demolished in 1874)
- Northumbrian tartan
- Royal National Lifeboat Institution, in which several dukes played a role in the 19th to 20th centuries
- Syon House – the family's Thames-side residence in west London
References
- ^ "No. 8887". The London Gazette. 23 September 1749. p. 2.
- ^ Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p.1037
- ^ Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p.851
- ^ "No. 12514". The London Gazette. 27 January 1784. p. 2.
- ^ "No. 13249". The London Gazette. 26 October 1790. p. 646.
- ^ "No. 16583". The London Gazette. 14 March 1812. p. 497.
- ^ "No. 17164". The London Gazette. 17 August 1816. p. 1596.
- ^ "No. 25723". The London Gazette. 22 July 1887. p. 4001.
- ^ "Farming". The Northumberland Estates. The Northumberland Estates. Archived from the original on 21 April 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
- ^ "Sawmill and Forestry". The Northumberland Estates. The Northumberland Estates. Archived from the original on 21 April 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
- ^ "Duke's Plans Spark Suspicion". Northumberland Gazette. 7 February 2001. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
- ^ "Alnwick Castle". Alnwickcastle.com.
- ^ syonpark.co.uk, Syon Park – w. "Welcome". Syonpark.co.uk.
- ^ "History – Albury Park". Albury Park. Archived from the original on 6 August 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
- ^ http://www.northumbrianpipes.com/DucalPipers.htm Archived 13 December 2004 at the Wayback Machine Ducal Pipers
- ISBN 0-902510-20-7
- ^ "Northumberland Islands – island group in Isaac Region (entry 24762)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
- ^ "Percy Isles (entry 26441)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 787–788.