Duke of Wellington (title)
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Dukedom of Wellington | |
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heirs male of the body lawfully begotten | |
Subsidiary titles |
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Seat(s) | |
Motto | Virtutis Fortuna Comes (Fortune favours the brave) |
Duke of Wellington is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The name derived from Wellington in Somerset. The title was created in 1814 for Arthur Wellesley, 1st Marquess of Wellington (1769–1852; born as The Hon. Arthur Wesley), the Anglo-Irish military commander who is best known for leading the decisive victory with Field Marshal von Blücher over Napoleon's forces at Waterloo in Brabant (now Walloon Brabant, Belgium). Wellesley later served twice as British prime minister.
The first Duke's father,
History
The titles of Duke of Wellington and Marquess Douro were bestowed upon Arthur Wellesley, 1st Marquess of Wellington, on 3 May 1814 after he returned home a hero following Napoleon's abdication.[2][3] He fought some sixty battles during his military career. He was considered "the conqueror of Napoleon". He stands as one of the finest soldiers that Great Britain and Ireland has ever produced, others being the 1st Duke of Marlborough and the 2nd Duke of Argyll.[citation needed]
Following his victory at the Battle of Talavera, Wellesley was offered a peerage. The question was what title should he take. His brother, Richard Wellesley, Earl of Mornington, looked around and discovered that a manor in the parish of Wellington was available. It was also reasonably close to the family name. Because Arthur was still in Spain in command of the army fighting the French, Richard oversaw the purchase. By this process Arthur therefore became Marquess of Wellington. According to the book Wellington as Military Commander by Michael Glover, Arthur Wellesley first signed himself 'Wellington' on 16 September 1809. At the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, Arthur Wellesley was already further elevated to the peerage rank of the Duke of Wellington. At the time he became Ambassador to France, The London Gazette of 4 June 1814 refers to him as having that title but suggests that it was granted by warrant on 25 August 1812.
The subsidiary titles of the Duke of Wellington are Marquess of Wellington (1812), Marquess Douro (1814),
Apart from the British titles, the Dukes of Wellington also hold the titles of
The family seat is Stratfield Saye House, near Basingstoke, Hampshire. Apsley House, in London, is now owned by English Heritage, although the family retain an apartment there. He also has a large estate outside Granada, Spain, which was granted to the first duke by Spanish King Ferdinand VII as a reward for his services in the Peninsular War.
Five Dukes have been created
Dukes of Wellington (1814)
Created by the George III )
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# | Name | Period | Duchess | Notes | Other titles | |
1 | Arthur Wellesley (born Wesley) (1769–1852) |
1814–1852 | The Hon. Catherine Pakenham | British Army officer and statesman who defeated | Prince of Waterloo, Duke of Ciudad Rodrigo, Duke of Victoria, Marquess of Wellington, Marquess of Douro, Marquess of Torres Vedras, Earl of Wellington, Count of Vimeiro, Viscount Wellington, Baron Douro | |
2 | Arthur Richard Wellesley (1807–1884) |
1852–1884 | Lady Elizabeth Hay | Son of the preceding | Prince of Waterloo, Duke of Ciudad Rodrigo, Duke of Victoria, Marquess of Wellington, Marquess of Douro, Marquess of Torres Vedras, Count of Vimeiro, Earl of Wellington Earl of Mornington, Viscount Wellesley, Viscount Wellington, Baron Douro, Baron Mornington | |
3 | Henry Wellesley (1846–1900) |
1884–1900 | Evelyn Williams | Nephew of the preceding | ||
4 | Arthur Charles Wellesley (1849–1934) |
1900–1934 | Kathleen Williams | Brother of the preceding | ||
5 | Arthur Charles Wellesley (1876–1941) |
1934–1941 | Hon. Lilian Coats | Son of the preceding | ||
6 | Henry Valerian George Wellesley (1912–1943) |
1941–1943 | unmarried | Son of the preceding | ||
7 | Gerald Wellesley (1885–1972) |
1943–1972 | Dorothy Ashton | Uncle of the preceding | ||
8 | Arthur Valerian Wellesley (1915–2014) |
1972–2014 | Diana McConnel | Son of the preceding | ||
9 | Arthur Charles Valerian Wellesley (born 1945) |
2014–present | Princess Antonia of Prussia
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Son of the preceding |
Line of succession
- Arthur Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington (1849–1934)
- Gerald Wellesley, 7th Duke of Wellington (1885–1972)
- Valerian Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington (1915–2014)
- Charles Wellesley, 9th Duke of Wellington (b. 1945)
- (1) Arthur Wellesley, Earl of Mornington (b. 1978)
- (2) Arthur Wellesley, Viscount Wellesley (b. 2010)
- (3) Hon. Alfred Wellesley (b. 2014)
- (4) Lord Frederick Wellesley (b. 1992)
- (1) Arthur Wellesley, Earl of Mornington (b. 1978)
- (5) Lord Richard Wellesley (b. 1949)
- (6) Lord John Wellesley (b. 1954)
- (7) Gerald Wellesley (b. 1981)
- (8) Lord James Wellesley (b. 1956)[4]
- (9) Oliver Wellesley (b. 2005)
- Charles Wellesley, 9th Duke of Wellington (b. 1945)
- Valerian Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington (1915–2014)
- Lord George Wellesley (1889–1967)
- Richard Wellesley (1920–1984)
- John Wellesley (1962–2009)
- (10) Thomas Wellesley (b. 2000)
- John Wellesley (1962–2009)
- Richard Wellesley (1920–1984)
- Gerald Wellesley, 7th Duke of Wellington (1885–1972)
Should the direct male line of succession from the first Duke of Wellington become extinct, the dukedom and its subsidiary titles in the British peerage will become extinct, as will the titles of Prince of Waterloo in the Dutch peerage and the dukedom of the Victory and its subsidiary titles in the Portuguese peerage. The dukedom of Ciudad Rodrigo in the Spanish peerage, together with its subsidiary titles, will continue to be held in the female line of descendants of the first Duke. The earldom and barony of Mornington, along with the viscountcy of Wellesley, which are all titles in the Irish peerage, will revert to the line of the Earl Cowley, a male-line descendant of a younger brother of the first Duke of Wellington.
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The Colley or Cowley family had come to Ireland from Glaston, in Rutland about 1500; Sir Henry Colley was elevated to the Peerage as Lord Glaston by Henry VIII. He married the daughter of Thomas Cusack, Lord Chancellor of Ireland, Catherine Wellesley Cusack (d. 1598) whose grandmother was a Wellesley.[5] Upon the death of his cousin Garret Wesley and his inheritance of the Estates of Dangan and Mornington, Richard Colley (d. 1758) and his wife Elizabeth Sale (d. 17 June 1738) daughter of John Sale, Registrar of the Diocese of Dublin, on 23 December 1719.[6] adopted the name Wellesley (from both Elizabeth's maternal family side from Catherine Wellesley Cusack her grandmother) and through her Husband's Family, his cousin, Garret Wesley (Wellesley).
See also
- Duke of Ciudad Rodrigo
- Prins van Waterloo
- Duque da Vitória
- Waterloo ceremony
References
- ^ Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p. 1140.
- ^ "No. 16894". The London Gazette. 3 May 1814. p. 936.
- ^ Elliott, George (1816). The Life of the Most Noble Arthur, Duke of Wellington. London: J. Cundee. p. xiii–xiv.
- ISBN 978-0-297-85231-5.
- ^ Burke's Peerage
- ^ Cokayne 2000, p. 235.
Works cited
- Cokayne, G.E. (2000), The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, vol. IX (new, reprint in 6 volumes ed.), Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, p. 235