Raymond Durgnat

Raymond Durgnat (1 September 1932 – 19 May 2002) was a British film critic, who was born in London to Swiss parents. During his life he wrote for virtually every major English language film publication. In 1965 he published the first major critical essay on Michael Powell, who had hitherto been "fashionably dismissed by critics as a 'technician's director'", as Durgnat put it.

His many books include Films and Feelings (1967), A Mirror for England: British Movies from Austerity to Affluence (1970), and The Strange Case of

He was educated at the Sir George Monoux School, a state grammar school in Walthamstow, before serving his statutory two years of National Service, which he spent in the Education Corps in Hong Kong,^[3] then a British possession. After leaving the army in 1954, he studied English literature at Pembroke College, Cambridge.^[1] With the filmmaker Don Levy, Durgnat became one of the first postgraduate students of film in Britain, studying under Thorold Dickinson (director of Gaslight and The Next of Kin) at the Slade School of Fine Art from 1960. The thesis he wrote there provided the source material for a number of his books.

In the early 1950s, he had written for Sight and Sound, but fell out with this British Film Institute publication after the exit of Gavin Lambert in 1957, often accusing it of elitism, puritanism, and upper-middle-class snobbery, notably in his 1963 essay "Standing Up For Jesus"^[4] (which appeared in the short-lived magazine Motion, which he co-edited with Ian Johnson) and in his 1965 piece "Auteurs and Dream Factories" (an edited version of which later appeared in Films and Feelings). From 1960, he was a regular presence in the monthly Films and Filming, writing reviews and serial essays.^[5]

During 1966 and 1967, Durgnat was a major player in the nascent

The rise of structural film (at the LFMC) and of structuralism (in the journal Screen) – and the far-left politics which accompanied the latter – saw Durgnat become an outsider figure within British film culture. In 1973 he moved to Canada, beginning a peripatetic teaching career in North America, which took him to New York, San Francisco and Los Angeles. In the late 1970s, he taught film at the University of California, San Diego alongside Manny Farber, Jean-Pierre Gorin and Jonathan Rosenbaum.^[8]

Returning to London at the close of the decade, he launched a series of withering assaults on the linguistics-based film theory that had come to dominate film academia over the previous decade; perhaps as a result, he did not publish another new book until 1999. He did, however, return to write for the BFI publication

His last two books, including A Long Hard look at Psycho, were also published by the BFI. The Essential Raymond Durgnat, edited by Henry K. Miller and published in 2014 – again by the BFI – contains previously unpublished work, including a translation of an essay originally published in Positif on Michael Powell, on whom Durgnat began but did not complete a full-length book. It also includes such rare pieces as "Standing Up for Jesus". The collection was described by Adrian Martin as "the essential film book of this or almost any year".^[9]

Durgnat's socio-political approach – strongly supportive of the working classes and, almost as a direct result of this, American popular culture, and dismissive of left-wing intellectuals whom he accused of actually being petit-bourgeois conservatives in disguise, and dismissive of overt politicisation of film criticism, refusing to bring his own left-wing views overtly into his writings on film – can best be described as "radical populist".

Bibliography

• Nouvelle Vague: The First Decade A Motion Monograph, London, 1963, 102 pages
• Greta Garbo Studio Vista/Dutton Pictureback, New York, 1965, reprinted 1967, 1970, 160 pages
• Eros in the Cinema Calder and Boyars, London, 1966, 207 pages
• Films and Feelings The MIT Press, Cambridge; Faber and Faber, London 1967, 288 pages
• Franju University of California Press, Berkeley, 1968, 144 pages
• Luis Buñuel University of California Press, Berkeley, 1968, 152 pages
• Children of Albion: Poetry of the "Underground" in Britain (poem: "Scrap Iron"), Penguin, Baltimore, 1969, 384 pages
• Samuel Fuller (essay "China Gate") Edinburgh Film Festival, Edinburgh, 1969, 128 pages
• The Films of Robert Bresson Praeger, New York, 1969, 144 pages
• The Crazy Mirror: Hollywood Comedy and the American Image Horizon Press, New York, 1970, 280 pages,
  ISBN 978-0-8180-0701-9
• A Mirror for England: British Movies From Austerity to Affluence Faber and Faber, London 1970, 394 pages,
  ISBN 978-1-84457-453-7
• Sexual Alienation in the Cinema: the dynamics of sexual freedom Studio Vista, London, 1972, 320 pages,
  ISBN 978-0-289-70261-1
• The Strange Case of
  ISBN 978-0-571-09966-5
• ISBN 978-0-520-02283-6
• Durgnat on Film Faber and Faber, London, 1976, 238 pages,
  ISBN 978-0-571-10656-1
• ISBN 978-0-520-03424-2
• ISBN 978-0-85170-086-1
  (Essay in collection)
• ISBN 978-0-520-05798-2
• ISBN 978-0-415-03373-2
• ISBN 978-0-85170-720-4
• A Long Hard Look at "Psycho" BFI Publishing, distributed by The University of California Press, Berkeley, 2002, 248 pages,
  ISBN 978-0-85170-920-8
• The Essential Raymond Durgnat Palgrave Macmillan/BFI, 2014, 256 pages,
  ISBN 978-1-84457-451-3