Dutchess County, New York
Dutchess County | |
---|---|
Poughkeepsie | |
Coordinates: 41°46′N 73°45′W / 41.76°N 73.75°W | |
Country | United States |
State | New York |
Founded | November 1, 1683[A][B] |
Named for | Mary of Modena, Duchess of York |
Seat | Poughkeepsie |
Largest city | Poughkeepsie |
Government | |
• Executive | Sue Serino
( 838 |
Congressional districts | 17th, 18th |
Website | www |
Dutchess County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 295,911.[4] The county seat is the city of Poughkeepsie.[5] The county was created in 1683, one of New York's first twelve counties,[A] and later organized in 1713.[B][6] The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.
Dutchess County is part of the
History
Before Anglo-
On November 1, 1683, the
The Province of New York and the
Until 1713, Dutchess was administered by Ulster County. On October 23, 1713, Queen Anne gave permission for Dutchess County to elect its own officers from among their own population, including a supervisor, tax collector, tax assessor and treasurer. In 2013, Dutchess County celebrated its 300th anniversary of democracy based upon a legislative resolution sponsored by County Legislator Michael Kelsey from Salt Point. In 1812, Putnam County was detached from Dutchess.[12]
The Patents
This section needs additional citations for verification. (December 2020) |
Fourteen royal land patents were granted between 1685 and 1706 covering the entirety of the original footprint of Dutchess County (which until 1812 included today's Putnam County).
The first ten, granted between 1685 and 1697, covered almost all of
- 1685 Rombout (Beacon/Fishkill Area)
- 1686 Minnisinck (Sanders & Harmense)
- 1686 Kip
- 1688 Schuyler (Poughkeepsie)
- 1688 Schuyler (Red Hook)
- 1688 Ærtsen-Roosa-Elton
- 1696 Pawling-Staats
- 1697 Rhinebeck
- 1697 (Great) Nine Partners
- 1697 Philipse
- 1697 Cuyler
- 1705 Fauconnier
- 1705 Beekman(Back Lots)
- 1706 (Little) Nine Partners
Early settlement
From 1683 to 1715, most of the settlers in Dutchess County were Dutch. Many of these moved in from Albany and Ulster counties. They settled along the
From 1715 to 1730, most of the new settlers in Dutchess county were Germans. From 1730 until 1775, New Englanders were the primary new settlers in Dutchess County.[14] Coles Mills was settled by Elisha Cole from Cape Cod in 1747 at the outlet of Barrett Pond into the West Branch of the Croton River. [15]
20th century
Franklin D. Roosevelt lived in his family home in Hyde Park, overlooking the Hudson River. His family's home is now the Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site, managed by the National Park Service.
Prior to the 1960s, Dutchess County was primarily agricultural. Since then the southwestern part (from Poughkeepsie southward and from the
Geography
According to the
Dutchess County is located in southeastern New York State, between the
The terrain of the county is mostly hilly, especially in the Hudson Highlands in the southwestern corner and the Taconic Mountains to the northeast. Some areas nearer the river are flatter.
The highest point in the county is the summit of Brace Mountain, in the Taconics, at 2,311 feet (704 m) above sea level. The lowest point is sea level, along the Hudson River. The highest point of neighboring Fairfield County, Connecticut, is a 1,290-foot (390 m) point along the state line in Pawling.
Wappinger Creek, at 41.7 mi (67.1 km) from its source at Thompson Pond in Pine Plains to where it drains into the Hudson at New Hamburg, is the longest stream in the county. Its 211-square-mile (550 km2) watershed is likewise the largest in the county. To its south is the 193-square-mile (500 km2) watershed of Dutchess County's second-longest stream, 33.5 mi (53.9 km) Fishkill Creek, part of which spills over into Putnam County. Within that watershed are the county's third-longest stream, Sprout Creek, and its largest, deepest and highest lakes: Whaley (252 acres (102 ha)), in the town of Pawling; Sylvan (143 ft (44 m)) in the town of Beekman and Beacon Reservoir, in the town of Fishkill, at 1,285 ft (392 m) respectively.
Other, smaller tributaries of the Hudson such as the Saw Kill drain the northwestern portion of the county. The southeastern fringe of Dutchess is part of the upper Croton River watershed and thus part of the New York City water supply system. On the east, in the Oblong, streams drain into the Housatonic River in adjacent Connecticut.
A border nearly one-half mile (800 m) long exists with Berkshire County, Massachusetts, in the extreme northern end of the county.
Adjacent counties
- Columbia County – north
- Berkshire County, Massachusetts – northeast
- Litchfield County, Connecticut – east
- Fairfield County, Connecticut – southeast
- Putnam County – south
- Orange County – southwest
- Ulster County – west
National protected areas
- Appalachian Trail, crosses county from Putnam County line in East Fishkill to Connecticut state line near Wingdale; corridor is partly on federally protected land.
- Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site
- Great Thicket National Wildlife Refuge, one of six discontiguous parcels in Dover
- Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site
- Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site
State, county, and town parks
- Bowdoin County Park
- Fahnestock State Park(shared with Putnam County)
- Hudson Highlands State Park (shared with Putnam and Westchester counties)
- Stratt Town Park
- Wilcox County Park
- Tymor Forest
- Taconic State Park
- Beekman Rec
- East Fishkill Rec
- James Baird State Park
- Poughkeepsie Bridge(Walkway over the Hudson)
- Dover Stone Church
- Carnwath Farms Historic Site & Park
- Roosevelt Farm Lane
- Stony Kill Farm
- Mills–Norrie State Park
- Staatsburgh State Historic Site
- Tivoli Bays Unique Area
Privately protected open space
- Mary Flagler Cary Arboretum
- Ferncliff Forest
- Innisfree Garden
- Pawling Nature Preserve
- Poets' Walk Park
- Thompson Pond and neighboring Stissing Mountain
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1790 | 45,276 | — | |
1800 | 47,775 | 5.5% | |
1810 | 51,363 | 7.5% | |
1820 | 46,615 | −9.2% | |
1830 | 50,926 | 9.2% | |
1840 | 52,398 | 2.9% | |
1850 | 58,992 | 12.6% | |
1860 | 64,941 | 10.1% | |
1870 | 74,041 | 14.0% | |
1880 | 79,184 | 6.9% | |
1890 | 77,879 | −1.6% | |
1900 | 81,670 | 4.9% | |
1910 | 87,661 | 7.3% | |
1920 | 91,747 | 4.7% | |
1930 | 105,462 | 14.9% | |
1940 | 120,542 | 14.3% | |
1950 | 136,781 | 13.5% | |
1960 | 176,008 | 28.7% | |
1970 | 222,295 | 26.3% | |
1980 | 245,055 | 10.2% | |
1990 | 259,462 | 5.9% | |
2000 | 280,150 | 8.0% | |
2010 | 297,488 | 6.2% | |
2020 | 295,911 | −0.5% | |
2021 (est.) | 297,112 | 0.4% | |
U.S. Decennial Census[18] 1790–1960[19] 1900–1990[20] 1990–2000[21] 2010–2020[4] |
2020 census
Race | Num. | Perc. |
---|---|---|
White (NH)
|
198,495 | 67.1% |
Black or African American (NH)
|
30,126 | 10.2% |
Native American (NH)
|
387 | 0.13% |
Asian (NH)
|
10,635 | 3.6% |
Pacific Islander (NH)
|
67 | 0.02% |
Other/Mixed (NH)
|
13,977 | 4.72% |
Latino
|
42,224 | 14.7% |
2000 census
As of the
Based on the Census Ancestry tallies, including people who listed more than one ancestry, Italians were the largest group in Dutchess County with 60,645. Irish came in a very close second at 59,991. In third place were the 44,915 Germans who barely exceeded the 44,078 people not in the 105 specifically delineated ancestry groups.[24]
There were 99,536 households, out of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.5% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.5% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.16.
As of Q4 2021, the median home value in Dutchess County was $365,199, an increase of 13.8% from the prior year.[25]
In the county, the age distribution of the population shows 25.1% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.2 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $53,086, and the median income for a family was $63,254. Males had a median income of $45,576 versus $30,706 for females. The
The decrease in population between 1810 and 1820 was due to the separation of Putnam County from Dutchess in 1812.
Racial demographics
As of 2017, the residents of Dutchess County were reported as the following: American Indian and Alaska Native (0.04%), Asian (4%), Black or African American (8.5%), Hispanic or Latino (12.5%), Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (0.016%), Some Other Race (0.35%), Two or More Races (3%), White (71%).[26]
Government
Dutchess County has a Charter Government with a County Executive and directly elected legislature of 25 members, each elected from a single member district.[27] The Charter form of Government went in to effect in 1968 given the favorable outcome of a 1967 special election dedicated to the question.[28] From 1713 until 1967, the County Government had been managed by a Board of Supervisors, made up of the locally elected leaders.[29]
Name | Party | Term |
---|---|---|
David C. Schoentag | Republican | January 1, 1968 – December 31, 1971 |
Edward C. Scheuler | Republican | January 1, 1976 – April 29, 1978 |
James D. Benson | Republican | April 29, 1978 – December 31, 1978 |
Lucille P. Pattison | Democratic | January 1, 1979 – December 31, 1991 |
William R. Steinhaus | Republican | January 1, 1992 – December 31, 2011 |
Marcus J. Molinaro | Republican | January 1, 2012 – January 2, 2023 |
William F.X. O'Neil | Republican | January 3, 2023 – December 31, 2023 |
Sue Serino | Republican | January 1, 2024 – Present |
District | Legislator | Title | Party | Residence |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Bob Gorman | Republican | Poughkeepsie
| |
2 | Ryan Travelpiece | Republican | Pleasant Valley
| |
3 | Michael Polasek | Assistant Majority Leader | Republican | Poughkeepsie |
4 | Brendan Lawler | Democratic | Hyde Park | |
5 | Tony D’Aquanni | Republican | Poughkeepsie | |
6 | Lisa R. Kaul | Democratic | Poughkeepsie | |
7 | Will Truitt | Chairman | Republican | Hyde Park |
8 | Craig P. Brendli | Democratic | Poughkeepsie
| |
9 | Barrington R. Atkins | Assistant Minority Leader | Democratic | Poughkeepsie |
10 | Randy Johnson | Democratic | Poughkeepsie | |
11 | Brennan Kearney | Democratic | Rhinebeck
| |
12 | John D. Metzger | Republican | Hopewell Junction | |
13 | Lisa Paoloni | Republican | Wappingers Falls | |
14 | Lynne Versaci | Republican | Wappingers Falls | |
15 | Robert S. Faust | Republican | Wappingers Falls | |
16 | Yvette Valdés Smith | Minority Leader | Democratic | Beacon |
17 | Doug McHoul | Republican | Fishkill | |
18 | Nick Page | Democratic | Beacon | |
19 | Chris Drago | Democratic | Stanfordville
| |
20 | Kristofer Munn | Democratic | Red Hook | |
21 | Stephen M. Caswell | Republican | Stormville | |
22 | Faye Garito | Republican | Poughquag | |
23 | Chris Rolison | Republican | Hopewell Junction | |
24 | Andrew J. House | Republican | Dover Plains | |
25 | Deirdre A. Houston | Majority Leader | Republican | Millbrook |
Elections
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2020 | 66,872 | 44.25% | 81,443 | 53.89% | 2,807 | 1.86% |
2016 | 61,821 | 47.19% | 62,285 | 47.54% | 6,912 | 5.28% |
2012 | 56,025 | 45.29% | 65,312 | 52.80% | 2,368 | 1.91% |
2008 | 59,628 | 45.07% | 71,060 | 53.71% | 1,614 | 1.22% |
2004 | 63,372 | 51.16% | 58,232 | 47.01% | 2,277 | 1.84% |
2000 | 52,669 | 47.12% | 52,390 | 46.87% | 6,712 | 6.01% |
1996 | 41,929 | 40.39% | 47,339 | 45.60% | 14,553 | 14.02% |
1992 | 46,709 | 40.50% | 41,655 | 36.12% | 26,964 | 23.38% |
1988 | 62,165 | 60.97% | 38,968 | 38.22% | 826 | 0.81% |
1984 | 70,324 | 67.89% | 32,867 | 31.73% | 389 | 0.38% |
1980 | 53,616 | 57.65% | 28,616 | 30.77% | 10,775 | 11.59% |
1976 | 51,312 | 56.94% | 37,531 | 41.65% | 1,268 | 1.41% |
1972 | 64,864 | 69.82% | 27,872 | 30.00% | 167 | 0.18% |
1968 | 45,032 | 54.87% | 31,025 | 37.80% | 6,010 | 7.32% |
1964 | 29,503 | 37.01% | 50,179 | 62.94% | 43 | 0.05% |
1960 | 46,109 | 60.67% | 29,842 | 39.26% | 53 | 0.07% |
1956 | 53,840 | 78.35% | 14,876 | 21.65% | 0 | 0.00% |
1952 | 46,381 | 71.17% | 18,644 | 28.61% | 142 | 0.22% |
1948 | 34,067 | 64.23% | 17,439 | 32.88% | 1,533 | 2.89% |
1944 | 32,890 | 58.92% | 22,778 | 40.80% | 158 | 0.28% |
1940 | 32,329 | 55.69% | 25,598 | 44.10% | 122 | 0.21% |
1936 | 28,868 | 53.12% | 24,467 | 45.02% | 1,010 | 1.86% |
1932 | 25,757 | 54.95% | 20,374 | 43.47% | 740 | 1.58% |
1928 | 28,687 | 61.30% | 16,748 | 35.79% | 1,366 | 2.92% |
1924 | 22,173 | 64.64% | 8,864 | 25.84% | 3,266 | 9.52% |
1920 | 21,152 | 65.60% | 9,938 | 30.82% | 1,156 | 3.58% |
1916 | 11,082 | 54.60% | 8,906 | 43.88% | 310 | 1.53% |
1912 | 8,916 | 43.65% | 8,871 | 43.43% | 2,638 | 12.92% |
1908 | 11,132 | 53.58% | 8,961 | 43.13% | 682 | 3.28% |
1904 | 11,709 | 57.06% | 8,275 | 40.32% | 537 | 2.62% |
1900 | 11,936 | 59.39% | 7,691 | 38.27% | 471 | 2.34% |
1896 | 12,127 | 62.44% | 6,634 | 34.16% | 661 | 3.40% |
1892 | 9,376 | 48.09% | 8,978 | 46.05% | 1,141 | 5.85% |
1888 | 10,265 | 50.95% | 9,249 | 45.91% | 634 | 3.15% |
1884 | 9,701 | 51.13% | 8,677 | 45.73% | 596 | 3.14% |
The composition of the County Legislature is 15 Republicans and 10 Democrats for the 2024–2025 term. County elections occur in odd-numbered years.[32]
Historically, Dutchess County, like most of the lower Hudson, was classic "Yankee Republican" territory. Between 1884 and 2004, the Republican presidential candidate carried Dutchess County in 28 out of 30 elections (1964 and 1996 being exceptions). Even Hyde Park resident Franklin D. Roosevelt failed to carry the county during his four campaigns.
The Republican edge narrowed significantly in the 1990s, with
Dutchess County is split between two congressional districts. The most southern portion is in the 17th district, represented by Republican Mike Lawler. The rest of the county is in the 18th district, represented by Democrat Pat Ryan. These are considered "swing" districts nationally, with Cook Partisan Voting Index ratings of D+3 and D+1, respectively, as of 2022.
Law enforcement
The Cities of Beacon and Poughkeepsie; Towns of Fishkill, Hyde Park, Pine Plains, Poughkeepsie, Rhinebeck, Red Hook, and East Fishkill; and Villages of Millerton, Wappingers Falls, Millbrook, have their own
Communities
N.B.: Cities, Towns and Villages are official political designations.
Cities
- Beacon
- Poughkeepsie(county seat)
Towns
Villages
Census-designated places
- Amenia
- Arlington
- Bard College
- Barrytown
- Brinckerhoff
- Chelsea Cove
- Crown Heights
- Dover Plains
- Fairview
- Freedom Plains
- Haviland
- Hillside Lake
- Hopewell Junction
- Hyde Park
- MacDonnell Heights
- Marist College
- Merritt Park
- Myers Corner
- New Hackensack
- New Hamburg
- Pine Plains
- Pleasant Valley
- Red Oaks Mill
- Rhinecliff
- Salt Point
- Shorehaven
- Spackenkill
- Staatsburg
- Titusville
- Upper Red Hook
- Vassar College
- Wassaic
- Wingdale
Hamlets
- Annandale-on-Hudson
- Arthursburg
- Attlebury
- Bangall
- Barnegat
- Castle Point
- De Witt Mills
- Fishkill Plains
- Glenham
- Gretna
- Holmes
- Hopewell Junction
- Hortontown
- Hughsonville
- Johnsontown
- Knapps Corner
- Lithgow
- Lomala
- Mabbettsville
- McIntyre
- Millbrook
- Norrie Heights
- Pecksville
- Pleasant Plains
- Poughquag
- Quaker Hill
- Rudco
- Shenandoah
- Shekomeko
- Staatsburg
- Stanfordville
- Stissing
- Stormville
- Swartwoutville[33]
- Van Keurens
- Verbank
- Wiccopee
- Willow Brook
Education
Public school districts
- Arlington Central School District
- Beacon City School District
- Dover Union Free School District
- Hyde Park Central School District
- Millbrook Central School District
- Pawling Central School District
- Pine Plains Central School District
- Poughkeepsie City School District
- Red Hook Central School District
- Rhinebeck Central School District
- Spackenkill Union Free School District
- Wappingers Central School District
- Webutuck Central School District
- Dutchess County BOCES
Private schools
- Dutchess Day School
- Hawk Meadow Montessori School
- Holy Trinity School
- Millbrook School
- Oakwood Friends School
- Our Lady of Lourdes High School
- Poughkeepsie Day School
- Randolph School
- St. Denis-St. Columba School
- St. Martin de Porres School
- St. Mary School - Fishkill
- Trinity-Pawling School
- Tabernacle Christian Academy
- Upton Lake Christian School
Higher education
- Bard College (Annandale-on-Hudson)
- main campus (Hyde Park)
- Dutchess Community College (Poughkeepsie)
- Marist College (Poughkeepsie)
- Poughkeepsie)
Transportation
Roads
- Interstate 84 traverses the county in an east–west route cutting through the southwestern quadrant of the county before entering Putnam County. It is the only interstate highway in the county.
- US 9, the Taconic State Parkway (the only other limited-access road in the county besides I-84, although it still has some at-grade intersections), and NY 22 are the main north–south roads in the county. For much of its length the Taconic is paralleled by NY 82. NY 9G leaves US 9 in Poughkeepsie and parallels it north to the Columbia County line.
- enters the county concurrent with I-84, leaves it at Fishkill but then follows it into Putnam County.
Crossings
Three spans cross the Hudson River, linking Dutchess with Orange, Ulster, and Greene Counties:
- The Newburgh-Beacon Bridgecarries Interstate 84 and NY 52 between Fishkill/Beacon and Newburgh (Orange County). The westbound span opened in 1963 and the eastbound span opened in 1980.
- The Mid-Hudson Bridge carries US 44 and NY 55 between Poughkeepsie and Highland (Town of Lloyd, Ulster County)
- The Kingston-Rhinecliff Bridgecarries NY 199 between Rhinebeck and Kingston (Ulster County)
Railroads
The
The
Buses and ferries
Public transportation in Dutchess County is handled by
NY Waterway operates the Newburgh–Beacon Ferry, which is located at the Beacon train station.
Air
General aviation facilities are located at
Culture
Dutchess County holds an annual
The Dutchess County Historical Society was formed in 1914 and is active in the preservation of a large collection at the 18th century Clinton House. The Society has published a yearbook since 1914 and presents up to four awards of merit in the field of Dutchess County history each year.
Media
Dutchess County has no locally based television stations. Its only news radio format station is
Poughkeepsie Journal is published in that city. Vassar Miscellany News, associated with Vassar College, is published weekly. Also published in the county is the Beacon Free Press/Southern Dutchess News.
Health
The county is home to Northern Dutchess Hospital in Rhinebeck. MidHudson Regional Hospital (formerly St. Francis) and Vassar Brothers Medical Center are both in Poughkeepsie. The Castle Point Veterans Health Administration is in Wappinger.
On March 11, 2020, the county's first case of COVID-19 was confirmed. As of June 2021, there had been 29,483 cases and 445 deaths. There are under 100 active cases and 56.8% of residents received at least one vaccine dose.[35]
Sports
The
The
The Hudson Valley Hawks was a team in the former
See also
- List of counties in New York
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Dutchess County, New York
- Hudson Valley
Notes
- ^ a b c "When, in 1682, Colonel Thomas Dongan was appointed Governor of the Province of New York, he was instructed to form a council of not more than ten of the 'most eminent Inhabitants' who were to assist him in the making of 'fit' laws. One of the first acts authorized by this council was the erection of twelve 'countyes,' on which Dutchess was one (November 1, 1683)."[2]
- ^ a b "There were too few inhabitants of Dutchess at its erection for it to be represented separately in the General Assembly, so that it was provisionally attached to Ulster until 1713."[3]
References
- ^ "US Census 2020 Population Dataset Tables for New York". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
- Wikidata Q114149636.
- Wikidata Q114149636.
- ^ a b "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Dutchess County, New York". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 21, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ^ Hasbrouck, Frank, ed. (1909). The History of Dutchess County New York. Poughkeepsie, New York: S. A. Matthieu. Retrieved January 9, 2015.
- United States Office of Management and Budget (September 14, 2018). "OMB Bulletin No. 18-04"(PDF). Retrieved July 11, 2019.
- ^ MacCraken, Henry Noble, Old Dutchess Forever! The Story of an American County (New York: Hastings House, 1956) p. 3
- ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 111.
- ^ "A Brief History of Dutchess County".
- ^ "New York State Parks Recreation & Historic Preservation" (PDF).
- ^ "New York: Individual County Chronologies". New York Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. The Newberry Library. 2008. Archived from the original on April 10, 2015. Retrieved January 9, 2015.
- ^ Pucher, J. Wilson and Helen Wilkinson Reynolds, Old Gravestones of Dutchess County, New York (Poughkeepsie: Dutchess County Historical Society, 1924) p. xi
- ^ Pulcher and Reynolds. Old Gravestones. p. xi
- ^ https://hyzercreek.com/cole.htm, retrieved 5/24/23.
- ^ Hobson, Archie, ed., The Cambridge Gazetteer of the United States and Canada (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995) pp. 183–184
- ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on May 19, 2014. Retrieved January 4, 2015.
- ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 4, 2015.
- ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Archived from the original on August 11, 2012. Retrieved January 4, 2015.
- ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 4, 2015.
- ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 4, 2015.
- ^ "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Dutchess County, New York".
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ U.S. Census website chart on Ancestries for Dutchess County, New York
- ^ "County Median Home Price". National Association of Realtors. January 4, 2019. Archived from the original on April 20, 2022. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b "Dutchess County, NY | Data USA". datausa.io. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
- ^ "Residents Vote For Major Change". Poughkeepsie Journal. Poughkeepsie, NY. April 18, 1967.
- ^ "A Brief History of Dutchess County". Dutchess County Government.
- ^ William P. Tatum III, Ph.D., County Historian (June 2017). "Dutchess County Government History Exhibit". Dutchess County Government.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Legislators". Dutchess County Government. Retrieved June 21, 2021.
- ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved October 22, 2018.
- ^ "Dutchess County, NY County Legislature". Dutchess County, NY. eCode 360. Retrieved June 21, 2021.
- ^ "Swartwoutville". Archived from the original on February 15, 2013. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
- PDF. Federal Aviation Administration. Effective April 10, 2008.
- ^ "ArcGIS Dashboards". dcny.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
Further reading
- MacCracken, Henry Noble. Old Dutchess Forever!, New York: Hastings House, ©1956. LC 56-12863
- Smith, James H. History of Dutchess County, New York, Syracuse, New York: 1882. Reprinted: Interlaken, New York: Heart of the Lakes Publishing. ISBN 0-932334-35-0
- Sullivan, James; Williams, Melvin E.; Conklin, Edwin P.; Fitzpatrick, Benedict, eds. (1927). "Chapter XII. Dutchess County.". History of New York State, 1523–1927 (PDF). Vol. 2. New York City, Chicago: Lewis Historical Publishing Co. p. 499-505. Wikidata Q114149636.