Human coronavirus 229E

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Duvinacovirus
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Human coronavirus 229E
Transmission electron micrograph
of human coronavirus 229E
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Pisuviricota
Class: Pisoniviricetes
Order: Nidovirales
Family: Coronaviridae
Genus: Alphacoronavirus
Subgenus: Duvinacovirus
Species:
Human coronavirus 229E

Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) is a species of coronavirus which infects humans and bats.[1] It is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus which enters its host cell by binding to the APN receptor.[2] Along with Human coronavirus OC43 (a member of the Betacoronavirus genus), it is one of the viruses responsible for the common cold.[3][4] HCoV-229E is a member of the genus Alphacoronavirus and subgenus Duvinacovirus.[5][6]

Transmission

HCoV-229E transmits via droplet-respiration and fomites.

Signs and symptoms

HCoV-229E is associated with a range of

human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV).[8][9][10]

Epidemiology

HCoV-229E is one of the seven human coronaviruses which include HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1,

SARS-CoV-2 and are globally distributed.[11][12] However, the viruses were detected in different parts of the world at different times of the year.[13][14][15] A NCBI-study found a previous HCoV-229E infection in 42.9% – 50.0% of children of 6–12 months of age and in 65% of those 2.5–3.5 years of age.[16]

Virology

HCoV-229E is one of seven known coronaviruses to infect humans. The other six are:[17]

Research

Chloroquine, a zinc ionophore, inhibits the replication of Human coronavirus 229E in cell culture.[18]

Human HCoV-229E, and human HCoV-NL63, likely originated from bats.[19]

History

A researcher at the University of Chicago, Dorothy Hamre, first identified 229E in 1965.[20][21]

See also

References

  1. PMID 28933406
    . See Table 1.
  2. PMID 25720466
    . See Table 1.
  3. PMID 21849456
    .
  4. PMID 20554810
    .
  5. ^ "Virus Taxonomy: 2018 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). October 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  6. PMID 21994708
    . Figure 2. Phylogenetic analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (Pol) of coronaviruses with complete genome sequences available. The tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method and rooted using Breda virus polyprotein.
  7. PMID 29850307
    .
  8. PMID 13130404
    .
  9. PMID 12684910
    .
  10. PMID 16267760
    .
  11. ^ Fields, B. N., D. M. Knipe, and P. M. Howley (ed.). 1996. Fields virology, 3rd ed. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA.
  12. PMID 16911043
    .
  13. PMID 16704837
    .
  14. PMID 17222582
    .
  15. PMID 5556222
    .
  16. PMID 20113545
    .
  17. ^ Leung, Daniel (20 January 2019). "Coronaviruses (including SARS)". Infectious Disease Advisor. Decision Support in Medicine, LLC. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
  18. PMID 24841269
    .
  19. PMID 28077633
    .
  20. ^ Knapp, Alex. "The Secret History Of The First Coronavirus". Forbes. Retrieved 2020-05-06.
  21. S2CID 1314901
    .

External links

Wikispecies has information related to Human coronavirus 229E.
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