Dynastic union

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The Catholic Monarchs and Christopher Columbus, 1493

A dynastic union is a type of union in which different states are governed beneath the same dynasty, with their boundaries, their laws, and their interests remaining distinct from each other.[1]

It is a form of association looser than a personal union, when several states share the same monarch, and a real union, when they have common institutions in addition to the same monarch.

Historical examples

Aragon and Navarre

With the assassination of

Alfonso VI of Castile and Sancho V Ramirez of Aragon
, and the latter was made king in 1076, which led to more than half a century (1076–1134) of Aragonese control.

Aragon and Barcelona

Marriage of Count of Barcelona

Petronila of Aragon in 1137 that formed the Crown of Aragon.[2][3]

Castile and Aragon

Marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon in 1469 that laid the foundations for the kingdom of Spain. They did not ascend to their respective thrones until 1474 and 1479 respectively.[4]

Spain and Portugal (Iberian Union)

Dynastic union between Spain (the union between the Crowns of Castile and Aragon) and

Philippine Dynasty
.

Lithuania and Poland

Marriage of

Jogaila and Queen Jadwiga of Poland on 1385, generally called the Union of Krewo. That union laid the foundations for the eventual formation of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
.

France and Navarre

Following Salic law, Henry III, King of Navarre, a member of the House of Bourbon, succeeded to the French throne in 1589 upon the extinction of the male line of the House of Valois. Both houses were cadet branches of the Capetian dynasty, the ruling house of the kingdom of France since 987.

Scotland and France

Norman or French culture first gained a foothold in Scotland during the

Early Modern Period Scotland and its burghs
also benefited from close economic and trading links with France in addition to its links to the Low Countries, Scandinavia and the Baltic.

The prospect of dynastic union came in the 15th and 16th centuries, when

Louis XI of France. James V of Scotland married two French brides in succession. His infant daughter, Mary I, succeeded him on his death in 1542. For many years thereafter the country was ruled under a regency led by her French mother, Mary of Guise, who succeeded in marrying her daughter to the future Francis II of France
. The young couple were king and queen of France and Scotland from 1559 until Francis died in 1560. Mary returned to a Scotland heaving with political revolt and religious revolution, which made a continuation of the alliance impossible.

Cordial economic and cultural relations did continue however, although throughout the 17th century, the Scottish establishment became increasingly

Catholicism, a facet which was somewhat at odds with Louis XIV's aggressively Catholic foreign and domestic policy. The relationship was further weakened by the Union of the Crowns
in 1603, which meant from then on that although still independent, executive power in the Scottish government, the Crown, was shared with the Kingdom of England and Scottish foreign policy came into line more with that of England than with France.

England and Scotland

When

1707
.

United Kingdom and Hanover

The personal union between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Kingdom of Hanover, jointly ruled by the head of the House of Hanover since 1707, ended with the death of William IV in 1837, and was replaced with a dynastic union: due to the different laws of succession, he was succeeded by two members of the dynasty, in the United Kingdom by his niece Victoria, the daughter of his late next brother Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, and in Hanover by his second next brother Ernest Augustus. This lasted until the annexation of Hanover by Prussia in 1866.

References

  1. ^ Lalor, ed. Various authors. See Contents. Cyclopaedia of Political Science. New York: Maynard, Merrill, and Co., ed. John Joseph Lalor, 1899.
  2. ^ John C. Shideler. "A Medieval Catalan Noble Family: the Montcadas, 1000–1230". Retrieved 24 April 2008.
  3. ISBN 84-96019-28-4
    . 127pp.
  4. ^ H. J. Chaytor. "Juan II. Union of Aragon with Castile". A History of Aragon and Catalonia. Retrieved 17 April 2008.
  5. ^ Stanley G. Payne. "Chapter Ten, The Expansion". A History of Spain and Portugal, Volume 1. Retrieved 24 April 2008.
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