Dysferlin
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Dysferlin also known as dystrophy-associated fer-1-like protein is a
Structure
Ferlin family | |
---|---|
Identifiers | |
Symbol | Dysferlin |
OPM superfamily | 452 |
OPM protein | 4cah |
Membranome | 205 |
The human dysferlin protein is a 237 kilodalton type-II transmembrane protein.
Function
The most intensively studied role for dysferlin is in a cellular process called membrane repair. Membrane repair is a critical mechanism by which cells are able to seal dramatic wounds to the plasma membrane. Muscle is thought to be particularly prone to membrane wounds given that muscle cells transmit high force and undergo cycles of contraction. Dysferlin is highly expressed in muscle, and is homologous to the ferlin family of proteins, which are thought to regulate membrane fusion across a wide variety of species and cell types.[24] Several lines of evidence suggest that dysferlin may be involved in membrane repair in muscle. First, dysferlin-deficient muscle fibers show accumulation of vesicles (which are critical for membrane repair in non-muscle cell types) near membrane lesions, indicating that dysferlin may be required for fusion of repair vesicles with the plasma membrane. Further, dysferlin-deficient muscle fibers take up extracellular dyes to a greater extent than wild-type muscle fibers following laser-induced wounding in-vitro.[25] Dysferlin is also markedly enriched at membrane lesions with several additional proteins thought to be involved in membrane resealing, including annexin and MG53.[26] Exactly how dysferlin contributes to membrane resealing is not clear, but biochemical evidence indicates that dysferlin may bind lipids in a calcium-dependent manner, consistent with a role for dysferlin in regulating fusion of repair vesicles with the sarcolemma during membrane repair.[27] Furthermore, live-cell imaging of dysferlin-eGFP expressing myotubes indicates that dysferlin localizes to a cellular compartment that responds to injury by forming large dysferlin-containing vesicles, and formation of these vesicles may contribute to wound repair.[28] Dysferlin may also be involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.[29]
Another well studied role for dysferlin is in stabilization of calcium signaling, especially following a mild injury. This approach was based on two observations: that muscle lacking dysferlin that is injured by eccentric contractions can repair its plasma membrane, or sarcolemma, as efficiently as healthy muscle can,[30] and that most of the dysferlin in healthy muscle is concentrated in the transverse tubules at triad junctions,[31][32] where calcium release is regulated. Destabilization of signaling in dysferlinopathic muscle can result in the generation of calcium waves,[33] which can contribute to the disease pathology. Nearly every change in dysferlin that affects membrane repair also destabilizes calcium signaling,[34] suggesting that these two activities are closely linked. Remarkably, however, membrane repair requires calcium ions, whereas calcium ions contribute to the destabilization of signaling when dysferlin is absent or mutated.[35] These paradoxical results have yet to be reconciled.
Interactions
Dysferlin has been shown to bind to itself, to form dimers and perhaps larger oligomers.
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000135636 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000033788 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- PMID 8320700.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: DYSF dysferlin, limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B (autosomal recessive)".
- PMID 24302765.
- PMID 24639655.
- PMID 8568606.
- PMID 32572487.
- ^ Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Human and Clinical Genetics - Dysferlin Retrieved 21 June 2007.
- PMID 21893049.
- ^ PMID 24239457.
- PMID 27070822.
- PMID 21522182.
- PMID 26579332.
- S2CID 22800606.
- PMID 24461013.
- PMID 35156706.
- PMID 19253956.
- PMID 36406982.
- ^ PMID 30026467.
- ^ PMID 24438169.
- S2CID 24234676.
- S2CID 4402938.
- PMID 22421042.
- PMID 24461013.
- PMID 24203699.
- PMID 25706306.
- PMID 9923419.
- PMID 24302765.
- PMID 9923419.
- PMID 8568606.
- PMID 35156706.
- PMID 35156706.
- PMID 22043020.
- PMID 11532985.
- S2CID 8337318.
- PMID 19380584.
Further reading
- Bejaoui K, Hirabayashi K, Hentati F, Haines JL, Ben Hamida C, Belal S, Miller RG, McKenna-Yasek D, Weissenbach J, Rowland LP (1995). "Linkage of Miyoshi myopathy (distal autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy) locus to chromosome 2p12-14". Neurology. 45 (4): 768–72. S2CID 31029040.
- Bashir R, Strachan T, Keers S, Stephenson A, Mahjneh I, Marconi G, Nashef L, Bushby KM (1994). "A gene for autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy maps to chromosome 2p". Hum. Mol. Genet. 3 (3): 455–7. PMID 8012357.
- Liu J, Aoki M, Illa I, Wu C, Fardeau M, Angelini C, Serrano C, Urtizberea JA, Hentati F, Hamida MB, Bohlega S, Culper EJ, Amato AA, Bossie K, Oeltjen J, Bejaoui K, McKenna-Yasek D, Hosler BA, Schurr E, Arahata K, de Jong PJ, Brown RH (1998). "Dysferlin, a novel skeletal muscle gene, is mutated in Miyoshi myopathy and limb girdle muscular dystrophy". Nat. Genet. 20 (1): 31–6. S2CID 12018395.
- Bashir R, Britton S, Strachan T, Keers S, Vafiadaki E, Lako M, Richard I, Marchand S, Bourg N, Argov Z, Sadeh M, Mahjneh I, Marconi G, Passos-Bueno MR, Moreira Ede S, Zatz M, Beckmann JS, Bushby K (1998). "A gene related to Caenorhabditis elegans spermatogenesis factor fer-1 is mutated in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B". Nat. Genet. 20 (1): 37–42. S2CID 24234676.
- Anderson LV, Davison K, Moss JA, Young C, Cullen MJ, Walsh J, Johnson MA, Bashir R, Britton S, Keers S, Argov Z, Mahjneh I, Fougerousse F, Beckmann JS, Bushby KM (1999). "Dysferlin is a plasma membrane protein and is expressed early in human development". Hum. Mol. Genet. 8 (5): 855–61. PMID 10196375.
- Weiler T, Bashir R, Anderson LV, Davison K, Moss JA, Britton S, Nylen E, Keers S, Vafiadaki E, Greenberg CR, Bushby CR, Wrogemann K (1999). "Identical mutation in patients with limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B or Miyoshi myopathy suggests a role for modifier gene(s)". Hum. Mol. Genet. 8 (5): 871–7. PMID 10196377.
- Matsuda C, Aoki M, Hayashi YK, Ho MF, Arahata K, Brown RH (1999). "Dysferlin is a surface membrane-associated protein that is absent in Miyoshi myopathy". Neurology. 53 (5): 1119–22. S2CID 6068681.
- Illa I, Serrano-Munuera C, Gallardo E, Lasa A, Rojas-García R, Palmer J, Gallano P, Baiget M, Matsuda C, Brown RH (2001). "Distal anterior compartment myopathy: a dysferlin mutation causing a new muscular dystrophy phenotype". Ann. Neurol. 49 (1): 130–4. S2CID 9278818.
- Aoki M, Liu J, Richard I, Bashir R, Britton S, Keers SM, Oeltjen J, Brown HE, Marchand S, Bourg N, Beley C, McKenna-Yasek D, Arahata K, Bohlega S, Cupler E, Illa I, Majneh I, Barohn RJ, Urtizberea JA, Fardeau M, Amato A, Angelini C, Bushby K, Beckmann JS, Brown RH (2001). "Genomic organization of the dysferlin gene and novel mutations in Miyoshi myopathy". Neurology. 57 (2): 271–8. S2CID 31959549.
- Matsuda C, Hayashi YK, Ogawa M, Aoki M, Murayama K, Nishino I, Nonaka I, Arahata K, Brown RH (2001). "The sarcolemmal proteins dysferlin and caveolin-3 interact in skeletal muscle". Hum. Mol. Genet. 10 (17): 1761–6. PMID 11532985.
- Ikezoe K, Furuya H, Ohyagi Y, Osoegawa M, Nishino I, Nonaka I, Kira J (2003). "Dysferlin expression in tubular aggregates: their possible relationship to endoplasmic reticulum stress". Acta Neuropathol. 105 (6): 603–9. S2CID 7734282.
- von Tell D, Bruder CE, Anderson LV, Anvret M, Ahlberg G (2003). "Refined mapping of the Welander distal myopathy region on chromosome 2p13 positions the new candidate region telomeric of the DYSF locus". Neurogenetics. 4 (4): 173–7. S2CID 27539044.
- Lennon NJ, Kho A, Bacskai BJ, Perlmutter SL, Hyman BT, Brown RH (2003). "Dysferlin interacts with annexins A1 and A2 and mediates sarcolemmal wound-healing". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (50): 50466–73. PMID 14506282.
- Katz JS, Rando TA, Barohn RJ, Saperstein DS, Jackson CE, Wicklund M, Amato AA (2003). "Late-onset distal muscular dystrophy affecting the posterior calves". Muscle Nerve. 28 (4): 443–8. S2CID 29825709.
- Confalonieri P, Oliva L, Andreetta F, Lorenzoni R, Dassi P, Mariani E, Morandi L, Mora M, Cornelio F, Mantegazza R (2003). "Muscle inflammation and MHC class I up-regulation in muscular dystrophy with lack of dysferlin: an immunopathological study". J. Neuroimmunol. 142 (1–2): 130–6. S2CID 37727809.
- Foxton RM, Laval SH, Bushby KM (2004). "Characterisation of the dysferlin skeletal muscle promoter". Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 12 (2): 127–31. PMID 14560310.
- Cagliani R, Fortunato F, Giorda R, Rodolico C, Bonaglia MC, Sironi M, D'Angelo MG, Prelle A, Locatelli F, Toscano A, Bresolin N, Comi GP (2003). "Molecular analysis of LGMD-2B and MM patients: identification of novel DYSF mutations and possible founder effect in the Italian population". Neuromuscul. Disord. 13 (10): 788–95. S2CID 23179310.
- Capanni C, Sabatelli P, Mattioli E, Ognibene A, Columbaro M, Lattanzi G, Merlini L, Minetti C, Maraldi NM, Squarzoni S (2003). "Dysferlin in a hyperCKaemic patient with caveolin 3 mutation and in C2C12 cells after p38 MAP kinase inhibition". Exp. Mol. Med. 35 (6): 538–44. PMID 14749532.
- Brüss M, Homann J, Molderings GJ (2004). "[Dysferlinopathy as an extrahepatic cause for the elevation of serum transaminases]". Med. Klin. (Munich). 99 (6): 326–9. S2CID 30657667.
- Huang Y, de Morrée A, van Remoortere A, Bushby K, Frants RR, den Dunnen JT, van der Maarel SM (2008). "Calpain 3 is a modulator of the dysferlin protein complex in skeletal muscle". Hum. Mol. Genet. 17 (12): 1855–66. PMID 18334579.