Early life and military career of John McCain
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The early life and military career of John Sidney McCain III spans the first forty-five years of his life (1936–1981). McCain's father and grandfather were admirals in the United States Navy. McCain was born on August 29, 1936, in the Panama Canal Zone, and attended many schools growing up as his family moved among naval facilities. McCain graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1958. He married the former Carol Shepp in 1965; he adopted two children from her previous marriage and they had another child together.
As a
Upon his return, McCain studied at the National War College, commanded a large training squadron in Florida, and was appointed the Navy liaison to the U.S. Senate. He divorced his wife Carol in 1980 and married the former Cindy Hensley shortly thereafter. He retired from the Navy in 1981 as a captain.
Early years and education
Family heritage
John Sidney McCain III was born on August 29, 1936,
John McCain's grandparents were natives of
The McCain family tree has a long heritage of American military service, with ancestors fighting as soldiers in the
McCain's father and paternal grandfather eventually became Navy
Early life
For his first ten years, "Johnny" McCain (the nickname he was given as part of a family tradition of distinguishing the generations)
After World War II ended, his father stayed in the Navy, sometimes working political liaison posts.[27] The family settled in Northern Virginia, and McCain attended the educationally stronger St. Stephen's School in Alexandria from 1946 to 1949.[30] To his family, McCain had long been quiet, dependable, and courteous,[31] while at St. Stephen's he began to develop an unruly, defiant streak.[32] Another two years were then spent following his father to naval stations;[33] altogether he attended about twenty schools during his youth.[34] He was frequently disciplined in school for fighting.[35] He later wrote, "The repeated farewells to friends rank among the saddest regrets of a childhood constantly disrupted by the demands of my father's career... At each new school I arrived eager to make, by means of my insolent attitude, new friends to compensate for the loss of others. At each new school I grew more determined to assert my crude individualism. At each new school I became a more unrepentant pain in the neck."[36]
In 1951, McCain enrolled at
Having done well on its entrance exams,[47] McCain entered the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, in June 1954, following in the footsteps of his father and grandfather.[48] He had neither been ordered to go there by his parents nor discussed alternatives; as he later wrote, "I remember simply recognizing my eventual enrollment at the Academy as an immutable fact of life, and accepting it without comment."[49]
Ambivalent about his presence there,
Possessed of a strong intelligence,
McCain graduated from the Naval Academy in June 1958; he was fifth from the bottom in class rank, 894th out of 899.[48] Despite his difficulties, McCain later wrote that he never defamed the more compelling traditions of the Academy – courage, resilience, honor, and sacrifice for one's country – and he never wavered in his desire to show his father and family that he was of the same mettle as his naval forebears.[67] Indeed, Slew and Jack McCain had not had sterling records at the Academy themselves, finishing in the bottom third and bottom twentieth respectively.[68] McCain realized later that the Academy had taught him that "to sustain my self-respect for a lifetime it would be necessary for me to have the honor of serving something greater than my self-interest", a lesson that he would need to carry him through a "desperate and uncertain" time a decade later.[67]
Military career
John Sidney McCain III | |
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Born | August 29, 1936 |
Died | August 25, 2018 (aged 81) |
Allegiance | United States of America |
Service/ | VA-174 |
Battles/wars | Vietnam War (POW) |
Awards | United States Senator from Arizona U.S. presidential candidate |
McCain was commissioned an
Starting in November 1960, McCain flew Skyraiders with the
On board for Enterprise's maiden voyage in January 1962, McCain gained visibility with the captain and shipboard publicity that fellow sailors and aviators attributed to his famous last name.[72] McCain was made a lieutenant in June 1962,[69] and was on alert duty on Enterprise when it helped enforce the naval quarantine of Cuba during the October 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis.[75] In November 1963, he was rotated back to shore duty, serving nine months on the staff of the Naval Air Basic Training Command at Pensacola.[69][76] In September 1964, he became a flight instructor with the VT-7 training squadron at Naval Air Station Meridian in Mississippi,[69][77] where McCain Field had been named for his grandfather.[78]
During the 1964 stint at Pensacola, McCain began a relationship with Carol Shepp, a successful swimwear and runway model[79] originally from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[70][71] They had known each other at the Naval Academy and she had married and then divorced one of his classmates.[70][80] McCain told her he wanted to do something important with his life, so he would be recorded in history.[81] On July 3, 1965, McCain married Shepp in Philadelphia.[82] She already had two children, Douglas and Andrew, born in 1959 and 1962 respectively;[83] he adopted them in 1966.[84] Carol and he then had a daughter named Sidney in September 1966.[85]
In the summer of 1965, McCain appeared as a contestant on the television quiz show Jeopardy! (during the Art Fleming era).[86] McCain won the first day, but lost on the second day.[86] He later recalled Final Jeopardy making the difference, where the clue was "Cathy loves him, but she married Edgar Linton instead". McCain knew the novel in question, writing down "What is Wuthering Heights?", but the clue was looking for the specific character, "Who is Heathcliff?"[87][88]
In November 1965, he had his third accident when apparent engine failure in his
Vietnam operations
On July 25, 1967, Forrestal reached
McCain was almost killed on board Forrestal on July 29, 1967. While the
As Forrestal headed to port for repairs, McCain volunteered to join the undermanned
Prisoner of war
External videos | |
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"Vietnam Revisited with Senator John McCain", C-SPAN, September 1, 1992[118] |
Arrival
On October 26, 1967, McCain was flying his twenty-third mission, part of a twenty-plane strike force against the Yen Phu
McCain's plane went into a
McCain reached Hỏa Lò in as bad a physical condition as any prisoner during the war.
McCain spent six weeks in the hospital,[119] receiving marginal care in a dirty, wet environment.[139] A prolonged attempt to set the fractures on his right arm, done without anesthetic, was unsuccessful;[140] he received an operation on his broken leg but no treatment for his broken left arm.[141] He was temporarily taken to a clean room and interviewed by a French journalist, François Chalais, whose report was carried on the French television program Panorama in January 1968[142] and later in the U.S. on the CBS Evening News.[143] The film footage of McCain lying in the bed, in a cast, smoking cigarettes and speaking haltingly,[144] would become one of the most widely distributed images of McCain's imprisonment.[142] McCain was observed by a variety of North Vietnamese, including renowned Vietnamese writer Nguyễn Tuân and Defense Minister and Army commander-in-chief General Võ Nguyên Giáp.[121][145] Many of the North Vietnamese observers assumed that McCain must be part of America's political-military-economic elite.[146] Now having lost fifty pounds (twenty-three kilograms), in a chest cast, covered in grime and eyes full of fever, and with his hair turned white,[119] in early December 1967 McCain was sent to a prisoner-of-war camp on the outskirts of Hanoi nicknamed "the Plantation".[121][147] He was placed in a cell with George "Bud" Day, a badly injured and tortured Air Force pilot (later awarded the Medal of Honor) and Norris Overly, another Air Force pilot; they did not expect McCain to live another week.[148][149] Overly, and subsequently Day, nursed McCain and kept him alive;[150] Day later recalled that McCain had "a fantastic will to live".[151]
Solitary
In March 1968, McCain was put into
In late August 1968, a program of vigorous torture methods began on McCain.[159] The North Vietnamese used rope bindings to put him into prolonged, painful positions and severely beat him every two hours, all while he was suffering from dysentery.[159] His right leg was reinjured, his ribs were cracked, some teeth were broken at the gumline, and his left arm was re-fractured.[41][159] Lying in his own waste, his spirit was broken;[159] the beginnings of a suicide attempt were stopped by guards.[119] After four days of this, McCain signed and taped[160] an anti-American propaganda "confession" that said, in part, "I am a black criminal and I have performed the deeds of an air pirate. I almost died, and the Vietnamese people saved my life, thanks to the doctors."[119][159] He used stilted Communist jargon and ungrammatical language to signal that the statement was forced.[138] McCain was haunted then and since with the belief that he had dishonored his country, his family, his comrades and himself by his statement,[161][162] but as he later wrote, "I had learned what we all learned over there: Every man has his breaking point. I had reached mine."[126] Two weeks later his captors tried to force him to sign a second statement; his will to resist restored, he refused.[159] He sometimes received two to three beatings per week because of his continued resistance;[163] the sustained mistreatment went on for over a year.[151] His refusals to cooperate, laced with loud obscenities directed towards his guards, were often heard by other POWs.[164] His boxing experience from his Naval Academy days helped him withstand the battering,[53] and the North Vietnamese did not break him again.[159]
Other American POWs were similarly tortured and maltreated in order to extract "confessions" and propaganda statements.[165][166] Many, especially among those who had been captured earlier and imprisoned longer – such as those in the "Alcatraz Gang" – endured even worse treatment than McCain.[167] Under extreme duress, virtually all the POWs eventually yielded something to their captors.[165][168] There were momentary exceptions: on one occasion, a guard surreptitiously loosened McCain's painful rope bindings for a night; when, months later, the guard later saw McCain on Christmas Day, he stood next to McCain and silently drew a cross in the dirt with his foot.[169] In October 1968, McCain's isolation was partly relieved when Ernest C. Brace was placed in the cell next to him;[170] he taught Brace the tap code the prisoners used to communicate.[171] On Christmas Eve 1968, a church service for the POWs was staged for photographers and film cameras; McCain defied North Vietnamese instructions to be quiet, speaking out details of his treatment then shouting "Fu-u-u-u-ck you, you son of a bitch!" and giving the finger whenever a camera was pointed at him.[172] McCain refused to meet with various anti-Vietnam War peace groups coming to Hanoi,[173] such as those led by David Dellinger, Tom Hayden, and Rennie Davis, not wanting to give either them or the North Vietnamese a propaganda victory based on his connection to his father.[126] McCain was still badly hobbled by his injuries, earning the nickname "Crip" among the other POWs,[174][175] but despite his physical condition, continued beatings and isolation, he was one of the key players in the Plantation's resistance efforts.[176]
In May 1969,
Starting in late 1969, treatment of McCain and the other POWs suddenly improved.
Release
McCain and other prisoners were moved around to different camps at times, but conditions over the next several years were generally more tolerable than they had been before.[126] Unknown to them, during each year that Jack McCain was CINCPAC he paid a Christmastime visit to the American troops in South Vietnam serving closest to the DMZ; he would stand alone and look north, to be as close to his son as he could get.[187] By 1971, some 30–50 percent of the POWs had become disillusioned about the war, both because of the apparent lack of military progress and what they heard of the growing anti-war movement in the U.S., and some of them were less reluctant to make propaganda statements for the North Vietnamese.[168] McCain was not among them: he participated in a defiant church service[188] and led an effort to write letters home that only portrayed the camp in a negative light,[189] and as a result spent much of the year in a camp reserved for "bad attitude" cases.[168]
Back at the "Hanoi Hilton" from November 1971 onward,
The
Altogether, McCain was held as a prisoner of war in North Vietnam for five and a half years, nearly five of them after his refusal to accept the out-of-sequence repatriation offer. His wartime injuries left him permanently incapable of raising either arm more than 80 degrees.
Return to United States
Upon his return to the United States a few days later, McCain was reunited with his wife Carol and his family.[197] She had suffered her own crippling, near-death ordeal during his captivity, due to an automobile accident in December 1969 that left her hospitalized for six months and facing twenty-three operations and ongoing physical therapy.[198] (Businessman and POW advocate Ross Perot had paid for her medical care.[81]) By the time McCain saw her, she was four inches (ten centimeters) shorter, on crutches, and substantially heavier.[81]
As a returned POW, McCain became a celebrity of sorts:
McCain also found high-level political visibility. On April 14, four returned POWs were in attendance and honored at the
McCain underwent three operations in total and other treatment for his injuries,[210] spending three months at the Naval Regional Medical Center in Jacksonville.[69][211] Psychological tests, given to all the returning POWs, showed that McCain had "adjusted exceptionally well to repatriation" and had "an ambitious, striving, successful pattern of adjustment".[212] McCain told examiners that he withstood his ordeal by having "Faith in country, United States Navy, family, and God".[213] Unlike many veterans, McCain did not experience flashbacks or nightmares of his Vietnam experience,[214] although due to the association with prison guards, the sound of keys rattling would cause him to "tense up".[128]
McCain was promoted to
By the time he graduated,
McCain resolved not to become a "professional POW" but to move forward and rebuild his life.[216] Few thought McCain could fly again, and if he could not meet the medical requirements to remain a naval aviator he said he would consider a career in the United States Foreign Service.[204] But he was determined to try, and during this time he engaged in nine months of grueling, painful physical therapy, especially to get his knees to bend again.[81]
Commanding officer
McCain recuperated just enough to pass his flight physical and have his flight status reinstated.
As commanding officer, McCain relied upon a relatively unorthodox leadership style based upon the force of his personality.
During their time in Jacksonville, the McCains' marriage began to falter.[228] McCain had extramarital affairs;[228] he was seen with other women in social settings and developed a reputation among his colleagues for womanizing.[226][229] Some of McCain's activity with other women occurred when he was off-duty after routine flights to Marine Corps Air Station Yuma and Naval Air Facility El Centro.[228] Marital difficulties were in fact quite common among the returned POWs.[204] However, McCain later said, "My marriage's collapse was attributable to my own selfishness and immaturity more than it was to Vietnam, and I cannot escape blame by pointing a finger at the war. The blame was entirely mine."[230] His wife Carol later stated that the failure was not due to her accident or Vietnam and that "I attribute [the breakup of our marriage] more to John turning 40 and wanting to be 25 again than I do to anything else."[231] Writer and Vietnam veteran Robert Timberg believes that "Vietnam did play a part, perhaps not the major part, but more than a walk-on."[231] According to John McCain, "I had changed, she had changed. People who have been apart that much change."[231]
Senate liaison, divorce, and second marriage
McCain had thought about entering politics since his return from Vietnam,
As his tenure with VA-174 was ending, McCain was assigned to a low-profile desk job within the
McCain and his wife Carol had been briefly separated soon after returning to Washington, but then reunited and remained married.
Around the end of 1980, McCain decided to retire from the Navy.
McCain retired with an effective date of April 1, 1981,[69] the rank of captain,[69] and a disability pension due to his wartime injuries.[245] For his service in the Senate liaison office, McCain was awarded a gold star in lieu of a second award of the Legion of Merit.[116] Jack McCain died on March 22, 1981.[246] On March 27, 1981, McCain attended his father's funeral at Arlington National Cemetery, wearing his uniform for the last time before signing his discharge papers, and later that day flew to Phoenix with his wife Cindy to begin his new life.[21][246]
Military awards
McCain's military decorations and awards include:[69]
Naval Aviator badge
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Silver Star Medal | |||
Combat "V" and Star
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Distinguished Flying Cross | Bronze Star Medal with Combat "V" and two Stars | |
Purple Heart Medal with Star |
Meritorious Service Medal | Air Medal with star and Strike/Flight numeral "2" | |
Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal with Combat "V" and Star |
Navy Combat Action Ribbon | Navy Unit Commendation | |
Navy Meritorious Unit Commendation
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Prisoner of War Medal | Navy Expeditionary Medal | |
National Defense Service Medal with star | Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal | Vietnam Service Medal with two stars | |
Republic of Vietnam National Order of Vietnam (Commander)[247][248] |
Republic of Vietnam Meritorious Unit Citation with frame and palm
(Gallantry Cross) |
Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal with 1960- device |
Citations
These are some of the citations associated with the awards:
- Silver Star Medal
- Legion of Merit
- Distinguished Flying Cross
- Bronze Star Medal
- Meritorious Service Medal
- Air Medal
- Navy Commendation Medal
References
- ^ "McCain, John Sidney, III, (1936– )". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. United States Congress. Retrieved July 17, 2007.
- ^ a b Alexander, Man of the People, p. 12.
- ^ "Atlantic Side: Society Notes" (PDF). Panama American. August 31, 1936.
- Dobbs, Michael (May 20, 2008). "The Fact Checker: John McCain's Birthplace". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
- ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, p. 21.
- Dobbs, Michael (May 2, 2008). "The Fact Checker: Citizen McCain". The Washington Post. Archived from the originalon July 6, 2008. Retrieved December 26, 2008.
- ^ Liptak, Adam (July 11, 2008). "A Hint of New Life to a McCain Birth Issue". The New York Times. Retrieved January 30, 2016.
- ^ a b Roberts, Gary Boyd. "On the Ancestry, Royal Descent, and English and American Notable Kin of Senator John Sidney McCain IV". New England Historic Genealogical Society. Archived from the original on September 15, 2008. Retrieved May 19, 2008.
- ^ Salon. Archived from the originalon April 29, 2009. Retrieved April 5, 2008.
- ^ "McCain tells his story to voters". CNN. March 31, 2008. Retrieved April 5, 2008.
- ^ a b McCain, Faith of My Fathers, p. 21. Used to supply details about the Teoc plantation, which was formally named Waverly.
- ^ Chideya, Farai (October 21, 2008). "Black McCains Share Family's Struggles, Triumphs". NPR. Retrieved October 26, 2008.
- ^ a b Timberg, An American Odyssey, pp. 19–20.
- ^ a b "McCain trivia". The Arizona Republic. March 2, 2007. Retrieved April 5, 2008.
- ^ Perera, Srianthi (February 28, 2010). "Sons of the American Revolution aims to grow in Arizona". The Arizona Republic. Archived from the original on July 19, 2012. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
- ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, p. 20. Used to support ancestor in War of 1812, not given by any other source.
- ^ a b c Weisman, Jonathan (July 22, 2008). "McCain's Maverick Side: Grandpa Would Be Proud". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 22, 2008.
- ^ a b Alexander, Man of the People, p. 11
- ^ a b Timberg, An American Odyssey, p. 22.
- ^ a b Orth, Maureen (December 14, 2007). "The Road Trip of 2 Lifetimes, and Still Going". The New York Times. Retrieved July 1, 2008.
- ^ a b c Meacham, Jon (August 30, 2008). "Hidden Depths". Newsweek. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
- ^ a b Timberg, An American Odyssey, p. 18.
- ^ a b Alexander, Man of the People, pp. 13–14.
- ^ Bufkin, Ellie (November 6, 2019). "Sandy Morgan, sister of John McCain, dies at 85". Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
- ^ a b c Alexander, Man of the People, p. 19.
- ^ a b c Timberg, An American Odyssey, pp. 28–30.
- ^ a b McCain, Faith of My Fathers, pp. 101–03. Used to give role of mother in upbringing not fully detailed by any other source, and for direct quotation.
- ^ a b c d Romano, Lois (March 2, 2000). "Out of the Fire, Politics Calls; Ex-POW Turns Washington Insider". The Washington Post.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, p. 20.
- ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, p. 23.
- ^ a b c Arundel, John (December 6, 2007). "Episcopal fetes a favorite son". Alexandria Times. Archived from the original on December 22, 2007. Retrieved December 7, 2007.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, p. 21.
- ^ a b Woodward, Calvin (November 4, 2007). "McCain's WMD Is A Mouth That Won't Quit". USA Today. Associated Press. Retrieved November 10, 2007.
- ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, p. 100. "Many of the base schools I attended were substandard institutions. Sometimes the school building was nothing more than a converted aircraft hangar. The classes mixed children of varying ages. We might have one teacher on Monday and a different one on Tuesday. On other days, we lacked the services of any teacher at all. My first purpose during my brief stay in these schools was to impress upon my classmates that I was not a person to suffer slights lightly. My second purpose was to prove myself as an athlete. When I was disciplined by my teachers, which happened regularly, it was often for fighting."
- ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, pp. 107–08. Used for direct quotation.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, pp. 22–24.
- ^ a b c d e f g Leahy, Michael (August 31, 2008). "A Turbulent Youth Under a Strong Father's Shadow". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 8, 2008.
- ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, pp. 108–10. Used to support McCain view of others at school. Timberg, An American Odyssey, pp. 23–24, illustrates the well-to-do Southerners part by sampling their names.
- ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, pp. 24–26.
- ^ a b c Purdum, Todd S. (February 2007). "Prisoner of Conscience". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on January 20, 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, p. 28.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, pp. 25, 26.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, p. 26.
- ^ Ed O'Keefe (April 1, 2008). "McCain the 'Punk' Goes Back to School". ABC News. Retrieved April 2, 2008. Ravenel was the only person outside McCain's family whom he sought out to talk with upon his return from being a POW in Vietnam, but Ravenel had died two years earlier.
- ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, p. 116. Used to support brief quotation of McCain self-assessment.
- ^ McCain, An American Odyssey, pp. 33–34.
- ^ a b c d Timberg, The Nightingale's Song, p. 31.
- ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, pp. 110–111. Used to support McCain state of mind and direct quotation. Timberg, An American Odyssey, p. 34, gives this formulation: "And so, ... John McCain journeyed to Annapolis, raised his right hand, and marched joylessly into his future."
- ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, pp. 120–24. "In this well-ordered and timeless world, with its lofty aspirations and grim determination to make leaders and gentlemen of schoolboys, plebes who possessed minor eccentricities might be tolerated somewhat, but arrogant nonconformists encountered open hostility. Recognized as belonging in the latter category, I soon found myself in conflict with the Academy's authorities and traditions. Instead of beginning a crash course in self-improvement so that I could find a respectable place in the ranks, I reverted to form and embarked on a four-year course of insubordination and rebellion."
- ^ a b c Timberg, The Nightingale's Song, p. 33.
- ^ Timberg, The Nightingale's Song, pp. 24–29.
- ^ a b c Bailey, Holly (May 14, 2007). "John McCain: 'I Learned How to Take Hard Blows'". Newsweek. Retrieved December 19, 2007.
- ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, p. 141. Used to support accomplishment not supplied by any other source.
- IQis given as 133, based on a test taken in 1984. See also Alexander, Man of the People, p. 207: McCain took IQ tests twice his life, getting 128 the first time and 133 the second.
- ^ "A Brief History of the United States Naval Academy". United States Naval Academy. Archived from the original on April 27, 2008. Retrieved April 5, 2008.
- Air University Review. 28 (4): 72–82. Archived from the originalon February 19, 2013.
- ^ Traub, James (September 19, 2008). "What a Naval Officer Now Knows". The New York Times Magazine. Retrieved September 21, 2008.
- ^ a b Timberg, The Nightingale's Song, pp. 41–42.
- ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, p. 134. Used to supply McCain's own assessment of his aptitude in those subjects.
- ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, pp. 130–31, 141–42.
- ^ Timberg, The Nightingale's Song, p. 34.
- ^ "Hunt". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. April 18, 2005. Archived from the original on October 22, 2008. Retrieved April 5, 2008.
- ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, pp. 135–38. Used to supply McCain self-assessment of cruise, not found in any other source.
- ^ Timberg, The Nightingale's Song, pp. 44–46. Timberg writes: "Even though he lived it, or something like it, McCain recounts his romance with Elena [not her real name, which was not publicly known until 2008] these days as if it were a dream. In some ways it was. But it wasn't just his dream. With minor variations, it was the dream of all but the most inert midshipmen. Duty, honor, country, sure, those things were important ... [but] the chance of someday being swept away and ravished by a beautiful woman in some exotic locale has always been an unspoken part of the deal.... McCain's fling with Elena, though rare, was not all that rare. Things like that happened often enough to keep that goofy dream alive."
- ^ Emert, Harold; Sullivan, Patrick (September 21, 2008). "Brazilian beauty recalls hot Rio affair with young John McCain". New York Daily News. Retrieved September 22, 2008. In 2008, Maria Gracinda Teixeira de Jesus would remember the 50-year-old affair fondly and said that she never forgot McCain.
- ^ a b McCain, Faith of My Fathers, pp. 151–52. Used to support McCain overall perspectives and direct quotations on Naval Academy experience and value it gave him.
- ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, pp. 18, 28.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "John McCain's Navy Records: Biographical Data" (PDF). United States Navy. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 1, 2008. Retrieved May 23, 2008. As indicated by Kuhnhenn, Jim (May 7, 2008). "Navy releases McCain's military record". The Boston Globe. Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 24, 2008. Retrieved May 23, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e Alexander, Man of the People, p. 32.
- ^ a b c d e Timberg, An American Odyssey, pp. 66–68.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Vartabedian, Ralph; Serrano, Richard A. (October 6, 2008). "Mishaps mark John McCain's record as naval aviator". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 8, 2008. Retrieved October 6, 2008.
- ^ a b McCain, Faith of My Fathers, p. 156. Used to supply aircraft type he was flying and his home base, not given by any other source.
- ^ Feinberg, John McCain, p. 16.
- ^ a b Freeman, Sailors to the End, p. 25.
- ^ Feinberg, John McCain, pp. 16, 18.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, p. 33.
- ^ "About Naval Air Station Meridian – Part of Commander Navy Region Southeast". United States Navy. Retrieved April 6, 2008.
- ^ a b c d Farhi, Paul (October 6, 2008). "The Separate Peace of John And Carol". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 6, 2008.
- ^ Feinberg, John McCain, p. 18.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Kristof, Nicholas (February 27, 2000). "P.O.W. to Power Broker, A Chapter Most Telling". The New York Times. Retrieved April 22, 2007.
- ^ a b "Obama Inauguration: John McCain". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
- ^ "The John McCain Story: Timeline". McCain 2000, Inc. Archived from the original on March 8, 2000. Used to supply years of birth of two adopted sons.
- ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, p. 70.
- ^ a b Steinhauer, Jennifer (December 27, 2007). "Bridging 4 Decades, a Large, Close-Knit Brood". The New York Times. Retrieved December 27, 2007.
- ^ a b "John McCain – Jeopardy! champion (Update)". boards.sonypictures.com. Archived from the original on October 7, 2008. Retrieved September 26, 2008.
[McCain] defeated 1-time champion Peggy Fisher in Fleming #355, taped in Studio 6A 1965-07-20, aired Friday, 1965-08-06. In his next game, Fleming #356, taped in Studio 6A 1965-07-20, aired Monday, 1965-08-09, he was defeated by challenger Bob Bovard.
- ^ Fouhy, Beth (June 30, 2008). "Political Play: McCain recalls loss on "Jeopardy"". USA Today. Associated Press. Retrieved September 26, 2008.
Riding aboard his Straight Talk Express campaign bus, McCain, well-read and a trivia buff, recalled his two-day appearance on the popular program in 1965. He won the game the first day, and lost the next day in the final round.
- ^ Sherfinski, David (December 18, 2012). "Sen. McCain jokes about 'Jeopardy!' defeat: 'Loser again'". The Washington Times. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
- ^ a b Timberg, An American Odyssey, pp. 70–71.
- ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, pp. 172–73. Used to supply training detail not given by other sources.
- ^ "VA-46 Photograph Album". The Skyhawk Association. Archived from the original on October 22, 2008. Retrieved February 9, 2008. See "Greenie Board" image Archived March 15, 2008, at the Wayback Machine for chronology.
- ^ Army Command and General Staff College. Which states that Aircraft No. 405 piloted by LCDR Fred D. White was hit and does not mention McCain. Freeman's Sailors to the End states that McCain's plane was hit and does not mention White.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, p. 34.
- ^ Karaagac, John McCain, p. 80.
- ^ a b McCain, Faith of My Fathers, pp. 185–86.
- ^ Frankum, Like Rolling Thunder, pp. 53–55.
- ^ Frankum, Like Rolling Thunder, pp. 55–58.
- ^ a b Karaagac, John McCain, p. 81.
- ^ Karaagac, John McCain, p. 82.
- ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, p. 177.
- ^ Freeman, Sailors to the End, pp. 102–103.
- ^ a b c Freeman, Sailors to the End, p. 118.
- ^ a b Weinraub, Bernard (July 31, 1967). "Start of Tragedy: Pilot Hears a Blast As He Checks Plane" (PDF). The New York Times.
- ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, pp. 72–74.
- ^ Freeman, Sailors to the End, p. 170.
- ^ Freeman, Sailors to the End, pp. 228–29.
- ^ A film of the Forrestal fire called Learn or Burn, incorporating the flight deck video of the fire, was used in United States Navy damage control classes for many years; see Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships – Forrestal. A portion of the video was made available by McCain's presidential campaign; see Forrestal. February 24, 2007. Archived from the original on November 14, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2008 – via YouTube.
- ^ Apple, R. W. Jr. (October 28, 1967). "Adm. McCain's son, Forrestal Survivor, Is Missing in Raid" (PDF). The New York Times.
- ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, p. 75.
- ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, p. 181.
- ^ a b c McCain, Faith of My Fathers, p. 182.
- ^ Timberg, The Nightingale's Song, pp. 99–100.
- ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, pp. 76–77.
- ^ DeWitt, Robert (February 10, 2008). "Support forged in battle". The Tuscaloosa News. Retrieved February 17, 2008.
- ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, p. 184.
- ^ a b c d e f g "John McCain's Navy Records: Citations" (PDF). United States Navy. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 1, 2008. Retrieved May 23, 2008. As indicated by Kuhnhenn, Jim (May 7, 2008). "Navy releases McCain's military record". The Boston Globe. Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 24, 2008. Retrieved May 23, 2008.
- ^ .
- ^ "Vietnam Revisited with Senator John McCain". C-SPAN. September 1, 1992. Retrieved February 12, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f Nowicki, Dan; Muller, Bill (March 1, 2007). "John McCain Report: Prisoner of War". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved November 10, 2007.
- ^ "In pictures, Vietnam visit, McCain memorial". BBC News. Retrieved May 31, 2008.
- ^ Dobbs, Michael (October 5, 2008). "In Ordeal as Captive, Character Was Shaped". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 11, 2008.
- ^ a b c d Timberg, An American Odyssey, p. 78.
- ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, p. 188. Used to give bombing altitude. While a few members of the squadron were armed with an early smart bomb, the AGM-62 Walleye, McCain dropped conventional bombs. See "Support forged in battle". The Tuscaloosa News. February 10, 2008.
- ^ Goble, Paul (January 19, 2009). "Soviet Officer Who Shot Down John McCain in Vietnam Dies". Window on Eurasia for Moldova.org. Archived from the original on February 16, 2012. Retrieved August 2, 2009.
- ^ "John McCain (center) being captured by Vietnamese civilians in Truc Bach Lake near Hanoi Vietnam". Library of Congress. May 26, 2004. Retrieved December 28, 2007.
- ^ ISBN 1-883011-59-0. pp. 434–63. Used to support direct quotes from McCain, or to fill in details not given by other sources.
- ^ a b c Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, p. 360.
- ^ a b c d e Scherer, Michael; Park, Alice (May 14, 2008). "How Healthy Is John McCain?". Time. Retrieved July 2, 2008.
- ^ A number of Vietnamese have claimed to have led the McCain rescue effort in Trúc Bạch Lake, but the one most often credited, including by the Vietnamese government in the 1990s, was Mai Van On. He and McCain met in Hanoi in 1996, but McCain did not mention him in his 1999 memoir and it is unclear whether he believed On's account. On's story also does not completely agree with the well-known photograph showing a number of Vietnamese pulling McCain ashore. See "McCain's Vietnam rescuer talks". Associated Press. February 24, 2000. Archived from the original on July 3, 2009. Retrieved June 28, 2008.; Alexander, Man of the People, pp. 47–49; and Parry, Simon (June 27, 2008). "Wartime rescuer of John McCain dies a forgotten hero". Thaindian News. Deutsche Presse-Agentur. Archived from the original on August 26, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2008. See also the October 5, 2008, Dobbs article in The Washington Post, which credits paper factory worker Tran Lua.
- ^ a b c Hubbell, P.O.W., p. 363.
- ^ a b c d Hubbell, P.O.W., p. 364.
- ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, p. 79.
- ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, p. 80.
- ^ "Admiral's Son Captured in Hanoi Raid". The Washington Post. Associated Press. October 28, 1967.
- ^ a b McCain, Faith of My Fathers, pp. 193–94.
- ^ "FOIA: Search Results (McCain)" (barely readable scans). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved February 8, 2016. Various documents captured by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service that describe North Vietnamese or allied dispatches concerning McCain's captivity. Later released by the CIA under the Freedom of Information Act.
- ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, p. 198. Used to express McCain's retrospective view on his early statements.
- ^ a b Shane, Scott (December 15, 2005). "McCain Pays a Tribute at Funeral of Ex-P.O.W." The New York Times. Retrieved December 19, 2007.
- ^ Hubbell, P.O.W., pp. 364–65.
- ^ Hubbell, P.O.W., p. 365.
- ^ Hubbell, P.O.W., p. 367.
- ^ a b "French TV archive releases McCain POW video". NBC News. Associated Press. October 22, 2008. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
- ^ Hubbell, P.O.W., pp. 365–66.
- ^ John McCain prisonnier au Vietnam. Panorama (Television production). Institut national de l'audiovisuel. January 12, 1968. Retrieved October 24, 2008.
- ^ Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, p. 361.
- ^ Hubbell, P.O.W., pp. 368–69.
- ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, p. 83. "The Plantation" was a Potemkin village-style camp run by the North Vietnamese as a propaganda showplace for foreign visitors to see and as a preparation camp for prisoners about to be released. Brute physical mistreatment of prisoners was rarer than in other camps, but did occur to some Plantation prisoners; McCain received probably the worst of any. See Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, pp. 340, 363, 364, 487.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, pp. 53–54.
- ^ Coram, American Patriot, pp. 186–87.
- ^ Coram, American Patriot, p. 188.
- ^ a b c Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, p. 363.
- ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, p. 89.
- ^ a b c Hubbell, P.O.W., pp. 450–51.
- ^ Frankel, Max (April 11, 1968). "Gen. Abrams Gets Top Vietnam Post; Deputy Is Named" (PDF). The New York Times.
- ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, p. 91. Bai was called "Cat" by the POWs, who assigned often derogatory nicknames to all of the prison officials and guards.
- ^ The Code of Conduct itself only forbade prisoners from accepting parole or special favors from the enemy. The POWs decided this meant that they could only accept release in the order they had been captured. They made an exception for those seriously sick or badly injured. One fellow prisoner told McCain he qualified under that exception, but after deliberation McCain refused nonetheless. See Timberg, An American Odyssey, p. 92.
- ^ a b Hubbell, P.O.W., p. 452.
- ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, p. 209. Harriman's September 13, 1968, cable said: "At tea break Le Duc Tho mentioned that DRV had intended to release Admiral McCain's son as one of the three pilots freed recently, but he had refused."
- ^ a b c d e f g Hubbell, P.O.W., pp. 452–54.
- ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, p. 244. Used to indicate "confession" was recorded in addition to being written, not made clear by other sources.
- ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, pp. 95, 118.
- ^ a b Farrell, John Aloysius (January 23, 2000). "'A refining experience'". The Boston Globe. Retrieved June 22, 2008.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, p. 60.
- ^ Coram, American Patriot, p. 189.
- ^ Air Force Magazine. Archived from the originalon January 21, 2009. Retrieved May 17, 2008.
- National Review Online. Archived from the originalon October 27, 2007. Retrieved November 10, 2007.
- ^ Hubbell, P.O.W., pp. 288–306.
- ^ a b c Hubbell, P.O.W., pp. 548–49.
- Good Samaritan story during his presidential campaigns, as a testament to faith and humanity. See "Excerpt From McCain's Speech on Religious Conservatives". The New York Times. February 29, 2000. Retrieved December 26, 2007. and "New TV Ad: 'My Christmas Story'". John McCain 2008. December 20, 2007. Archived from the original on December 26, 2007. Retrieved December 26, 2007. For an analysis casting doubt on the cross tale and speculating it may have been conflated with another guard episode McCain experienced, see Sullivan, Andrew (August 18, 2008). "The Dirt In The Cross Story, Ctd". The Daily Dish. The Atlantic. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
- ^ Brace, A Code to Keep, pp. ix–x, 170.
- ^ Brace, A Code to Keep, pp. 170–71.
- ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, pp. 98–99.
- ^ Brace, A Code to Keep, pp. 175, 179.
- ^ Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, p. 371.
- ^ Brace, A Code to Keep, p. 183.
- ^ Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, pp. 363–64, 371, 487.
- ^ a b c "U.S. Fliers Well Treated, Hanoi Says". The Washington Post. United Press International. June 6, 1969. See also same UPI story in "Tape Has McCain's Son Praising Red Doctors" (PDF). Stars and Stripes. June 6, 1969. p. 27. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 1, 2019. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
- ^ a b c d Nowicki, Dan (August 13, 2016). "John McCain POW recordings revive historic, painful episode". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
- ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, pp. 285–86. Used to confirm that this was McCain's August 1968 "confession", heavily edited; a U.S. military voice analysis verified that it was McCain's voice.
- ^ a b Hubbell, P.O.W., p. 519.
- ^ Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, pp. 489–91.
- ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, pp. 290–91. Used to illustrate McCain family role while he was a POW.
- ^ Brace, A Code to Keep, pp. 187–88.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, p. 64.
- ^ a b c Roig-Franzia, Manuel (March 11, 2008). "In Havana, A Page From McCain's Past". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 8, 2008.
- ^ St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
- ^ a b McCain, Faith of My Fathers, pp. 287–88. McCain states that he received dozens of reports over the years of his father having done this.
- ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, p. 104.
- ^ Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, p. 537.
- ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, p. 105.
- ^ a b c Timberg, An American Odyssey, pp. 106–07.
- ^ Frankum, Like Rolling Thunder, p. 161.
- ^ a b Roberts, Steven V. (March 4, 1973). "Unshakable Will to Survive Sustained P.O.W.'s Over the Years". The New York Times.
- ^ Stephens, Andy (February 12, 2007). "Operation Homecoming marks end of Vietnam War". United States Air Force. Archived from the original on January 17, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2008.
- ^ a b Sterba, James P. (March 15, 1973). "P.O.W. Commander Among 108 Freed" (PDF). The New York Times.
- ^ "Unik McCain-film i SVT:s arkiv" (in Swedish). Sveriges Television. September 11, 2008. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
- ^ a b c Kerr, Jessie Lynne (October 25, 2008). "The McCain Connection: His family moved to Orange Park in 1966; The following years profoundly shaped the presidential candidate's future". The Florida Times-Union. Archived from the original on September 21, 2009. Retrieved October 25, 2008.
- ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, pp. 100–01.
- ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, p. 111.
- St. Petersburg Times. Archived from the originalon July 21, 2008. Retrieved July 21, 2008.
- ^ "Remarks at the Annual Dinner of the White House Correspondents Association: April 14, 1973". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
- ^ "In pictures: The history of the White House Correspondents' Dinner". CNN. April 29, 2022.
- ^ a b "Nixon Vows to Protect U.S. Secrets". The Tampa Tribune. United Press International. May 25, 1973. pp. 1-A, 20-A – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c Johnson, Kathryn (June 8, 1973). "There Are Lingering Problems as POWs Switch Lifestyles". The Evening Press. Binghamton, New York. Associated Press. p. 4-A – via Newspapers.com. Includes "... But 2nd Chance at Living Lies Ahead" sidebar with same byline.
- ^ a b c Nowicki, Dan; Muller, Bill (March 1, 2007). "John McCain Report: Back in the USA". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved November 10, 2007.
- ^ a b Timberg, An American Odyssey, p. 113.
- ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, pp. 119–22.
- ^ a b c d e f Leahy, Michael (October 13, 2008). "Seeing White House From a Cell in Hanoi". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 17, 2008.
- ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, pp. 12, 88, 121–22.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, p. 80.
- ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, p. 114.
- ^ Altman, Lawrence K. (December 6, 1999). "Release of McCain's Medical Records Provides Unusually Broad Psychological Profile". The New York Times.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, pp. 207–08.
- ^ Philpott, Glory Denied, pp. 323–324.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, p. 81.
- ^ a b c d Timberg, An American Odyssey, pp. 116–18.
- ^ Kirkpatrick, David D. (June 15, 2008). "In '74 Thesis, the Seeds of McCain's War Views". The New York Times. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- ^ Kirkpatrick, David D. "John McCain". The New York Times. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
- ^ Frankum, Like Rolling Thunder, pp. 64–65.
- ^ a b c d Timberg, An American Odyssey, pp. 122–23.
- ^ Philpott, Glory Denied, pp. 322–323.
- ^ Naval Historical Center. Archived(PDF) from the original on March 8, 2008. Retrieved March 1, 2008. pp. 248–51.
- ^ a b c d Vartabedian, Ralph (April 14, 2008). "McCain has long relied on his grit". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 24, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e Alexander, Man of the People, pp. 84–86.
- ^ McCain, Worth the Fighting For, p. 12. Used to give McCain confirmation about assignment, and explanation for why a lesser assignment was not possible.
- ^ a b c d e f g Helman, Scott (August 31, 2008). "Taking command – The McCain way". The Boston Globe. Retrieved September 2, 2008.
- ^ McCain, Worth the Fighting For, p. 13. Used to support McCain assessment of this part of his career.
- ^ a b c Timberg, The Nightingale's Song, p. 239.
- ^ One VA-174 legal officer and her colleague approached the base chaplain about McCain's behavior. See "Taking command – The McCain way". There were also widespread rumors at the time that some of the affairs were with women who were subordinates under his command, which McCain later flatly denied. See The Nightingale's Song, p. 239.
- ^ a b c d Nowicki, Dan; Muller, Bill (March 1, 2007). "John McCain Report: Arizona, the early years". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved November 21, 2007.
- ^ a b c Timberg, The Nightingale's Song, p. 240. Timberg also observed that, "McCain was no different from most veterans of the war. As he went through life, Vietnam kept scrambling onstage and chewing up the scenery no matter how often he thought he had written it out of the script."
- ^ a b Frantz, Douglas (February 21, 2000). "The Arizona Ties: A Beer Baron and a Powerful Publisher Put McCain on a Political Path". The New York Times. Retrieved November 29, 2006.
- ^ a b Scheiber, Noam (August 20, 2008). "Made Man". The New Republic. Archived from the original on August 22, 2008. Retrieved August 22, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e Timberg, An American Odyssey, pp. 126–28.
- ^ a b c d Kirkpatrick, David D. (May 29, 2008). "Senate's Power and Allure Drew McCain From Military". The New York Times. Retrieved May 29, 2008.
- ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, pp. 132–34.
- ^ Collins, Nancy (July 2007). "Cindy McCain: Myth vs. Reality". Harper's Bazaar. Archived from the original on January 31, 2008. Retrieved January 11, 2008.
- ^ Bailey, Holly (June 30, 2008). "In Search of Cindy McCain". Newsweek. Archived from the original on June 27, 2008. Retrieved June 23, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e Serrano, Richard A.; Vartabedian, Ralph (July 11, 2008). "McCain's broken marriage and fractured Reagan friendship". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 11, 2008.
- ^ Gamarekian, Barbara (August 30, 1981). "White House Tour Leader Courted and Criticized". The New York Times.
- ^ McCain, Worth the Fighting For, pp. 85–86. [After describing social friendship with Reagans following POW return] "My divorce from Carol, whom the Reagans loved, caused a change in our relationship. Nancy, for whom Carol now worked in the White House, was particularly upset with me and treated me on the few occasions we encountered each other after I came to Congress with a cool correctness that made her displeasure clear... [Ronald Reagan was more friendly to him] Nevertheless, we weren't social friends any longer... I had, of course, deserved the change in our relationship, and I knew it... From her kindness and my good luck, Nancy and I recovered our friendship long ago and remain friends to this day [2002]." No detailed account of Nancy Reagan's side of this is known, although she stated in March 2008: "John McCain has been a good friend for over thirty years." See Phillips, Kate (March 25, 2008). "Nancy Reagan Endorses McCain". The New York Times. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
- ^ a b Worth the Fighting For, pp. 9–10. Used to give chronology point not supplied by any other source.
- ^ a b Timberg, An American Odyssey, p. 135.
- ^ Sanger-Katz, Margot (December 31, 2007). "After war, a personal renewal". Concord Monitor. Archived from the original on December 13, 2009. Retrieved June 10, 2008.
- ^ Vartabedian, Ralph (April 22, 2008). "John McCain gets tax-free disability pension". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ a b Timberg, An American Odyssey, p. 138.
- ^ Philpott, Glory Denied, p. 323.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, p. 74.
Bibliography
- Alexander, Paul (2002). Man of the People: The Life of John McCain. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-22829-X.
- ISBN 0-7090-3560-8.
- Coram, Robert (2007). American Patriot: The Life and Wars Of Colonel Bud Day. New York: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-316-75847-5.
- Feinberg, Barbara Silberdick (2000). John McCain: Serving His Country. Brookfield, Connecticut: Millbrook Press. ISBN 0-7613-1974-3.
- Frankum, Ronald Bruce (2005). Like Rolling Thunder: The Air War In Vietnam 1964–1975. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 0-7425-4302-1.
- Freeman, Gregory A. (2002). Sailors to the End: The Deadly Fire on the USS Forrestal and the Heroes Who Fought It. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-093690-8.
- Hubbell, John G. (1976). P.O.W.: A Definitive History of the American Prisoner-Of-War Experience in Vietnam, 1964–1973. New York: Reader's Digest Press. ISBN 0-88349-091-9.
- Karaagac, John (2000). John McCain: An Essay in Military and Political History. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. ISBN 0-7391-0171-4.
- ISBN 0-375-50191-6.
- McCain, John; Salter, Mark (2002). ISBN 0-375-50542-3.
- Philpott, Tom (2001). Glory Denied: The Saga of Jim Thompson, America's Longest-held Prisoner. New York: W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-02012-6.
- ISBN 1-55750-694-9.
- ISBN 0-684-80301-1.
- Timberg, Robert (1999). John McCain: An American Odyssey. New York: Touchstone Books. ISBN 0-684-86794-X.
External links