East African mangroves

Coordinates: 7°18′00″S 39°21′36″E / 7.3000°S 39.3600°E / -7.3000; 39.3600
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
East African mangroves
Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic
Geography
Area1,880 km2 (730 sq mi)
Countries
Elevationsea level
Conservation
Conservation statusCritical/endangered[1]
Protected843 km² (45%)[2]

The East African mangroves are a mangrove ecoregion consisting of swamps along the Indian Ocean coast of East Africa in Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya and southern Somalia.[1]

Location and description

The ecoregion consists of two large areas of mangrove in the deltas of the Zambezi in Mozambique and the Rufiji River in Tanzania, which can extend as far as 50 km inland, as well as smaller areas along the coast. This coast experiences two monsoon seasons each year, strong ocean currents and rising seas up to 5.6m in Mozambique. Rainfall is high especially in southern Kenya and northern Tanzania.[1]

Flora

The mangroves include tall trees, up to 30m. Compared to Central African mangroves of West Africa, mangroves of East Africa have a greater variety of vegetation with two distinctive types: the mangroves on the coast itself such as the birdwatching site Mida Creek near the Arabuko Sokoke National Park and the town of Watamu, and the Lamu Archipelago both in Kenya, which are fed by constant streams of fresh water; and the mangroves in river inlets where more salt accumulates in the water. East African mangrove species are similar to those found on other coasts around the Indian Ocean. The Bazaruto Archipelago is an example of offshore mangroves sheltered by coral and intermingled with a mixture of shoreline habitats such as grassy sand dunes and rockpools.

Fauna

The mangroves are an important habitat for a variety of wildlife from fish,

Sterna dougallii).[citation needed
]

Threats and preservation

The mangroves have been harvested for timber for centuries by traders from the nearby Arabian Peninsula.[citation needed] All along the coast mangrove swamps have been cleared, not only for timber but for urban areas, salt panning and agriculture including rice growing and shrimp cultivation. The habitat is further diminished by pollution of rivers from urban and industrial waste and agrochemicals. Urban areas near the mangroves include: the Swahili town of Lamu, the beach town of Malindi and the large port city of Mombasa in Kenya; the port of Tanga in Tanzania; and Quelimane, the large city of Beira (famous for its prawns), Inhassoro and Vilankulo (the ports for Bazaruto), and Maxixe in Mozambique.

A 2017 assessment found that 843 km², or 45%, of the East African mangroves are in protected areas.[2] Protected areas include Watamu Marine National Park and Ras Tenewi Marine National Park in Kenya; Mafia Island Marine Park, Jozani Chwaka Bay National Park and Saadani National Park in Tanzania; and the Bazaruto Archipelago, Inhaca and Portuguese Island, Marromeu Game Reserve, and Pomene Reserve in Mozambique. Some areas of mangrove in Kenya and Tanzania are managed as forest reserves.

References

  1. ^ a b c "East African mangroves". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
  2. ^ a b Eric Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b. [1]

External links

7°18′00″S 39°21′36″E / 7.3000°S 39.3600°E / -7.3000; 39.3600