East Bay
37°42′N 122°00′W / 37.7°N 122°W
East Bay | |
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Region | |
Country | United States |
State | California |
Part of | San Francisco Bay Area |
Principal city | Oakland |
Other municipalities | |
Area codes | 510/341, 925 |
The East Bay is the eastern region of the San Francisco Bay Area and includes cities along the eastern shores of the San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay. The region has grown to include inland communities in Alameda and Contra Costa counties.[1] With a population of roughly 2.5 million in 2010, it is the most populous subregion in the Bay Area.[2]
Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay and the third largest in the Bay Area. The city serves as a major transportation hub for the U.S. West Coast, and its port is the largest in Northern California. Increased population has led to the growth of large edge cities such as Alameda, Concord, Emeryville, Fremont, Livermore, Pleasanton, San Ramon and Walnut Creek.
History and development
Although initial development in the larger Bay Area focused on
The Bay Area saw further growth in the decades following World War II, with the population doubling between 1940 and 1960, and doubling again by 2000. The 1937 completion of the
The East Bay is not a formally defined region, aside from its being described as a region inclusive of Alameda and Contra Costa counties. As development moves generally eastward, new areas are described as being part of the East Bay. In 1996,
Cities
Except for some hills and ridges which exist as parklands or undeveloped land, and some farmland in eastern Contra Costa and Alameda Counties, the East Bay is highly urbanized. The East Bay shoreline is an urban corridor with several cities exceeding 100,000 residents, including Oakland, Hayward, Fremont, Richmond, and Berkeley. In the inland valleys on the east side of the Berkeley Hills, the land is mostly developed, particularly on the eastern fringe of Contra Costa county and the Tri-Valley area. In the inland valleys, the population density is less and the cities smaller. The only cities exceeding 100,000 residents in the inland valleys are Antioch and Concord.
East Bay cities include:
Culture
The East Bay has a free weekly newspaper, the
The
The East Bay is the birthplace of many musical acts, including Creedence Clearwater Revival, Country Joe and the Fish. Counting Crows, Yesterday and Today, Digital Underground, Green Day, Operation Ivy, Primus, Rancid, Set Your Goals, Tower of Power (whose debut album is titled East Bay Grease), The Pointer Sisters, MC Hammer, Tony! Toni! Toné!, Tupac Shakur, Too Short, Spice 1, en Vogue, Pete Escovedo and Sheila E, Keyshia Cole, and Mac Dre. The region is a major center for the development of rock, folk, funk, jazz, hip hop, soul and women's music.
Bay Area thrash metal has centered strongly on the East Bay, including the bands Exodus and Metallica, among others. Possessed and Death, both considered the first death metal bands,[7][8][9][10] have roots or connections in the East Bay: Possessed formed in El Sobrante, with Death debuting nationally while in Concord.
Major music (and sports) venues include the Oakland Arena; adjacent Oakland Coliseum, home of the Oakland A's; the Oakland Paramount Theater, venue for the Oakland East Bay Symphony; the Fox Oakland Theatre, the UC Berkeley Greek Theater, the nonprofit The Freight and Salvage, and the Concord Pavilion (formerly Sleep Train Pavilion).
Major museums include the Oakland Museum of California, the Lawrence Hall of Science and the Chabot Space and Science Center.
The
The East Bay also has a rich political history. One of the revolutionary movements founded in Oakland was the Black Panther Party.[11][12][13][14][15][16][17]
The East Bay is home to many of the restaurants central to the creation of
Transportation
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All vehicular crossings of the San Francisco Bay land in the counties comprising the East Bay.
Ferry service is provided by San Francisco Bay Ferry from Jack London Square and Alameda Harbor, with service at Richmond Ferry Terminal slated to begin in 2018. Hercules may also see future ferry service to San Francisco.
Bicycle transportation is strongly promoted by city and county agencies, and by organizations like the
Major pedestrian paths across the region include the San Francisco Bay Trail, the Bay Area Ridge Trail, the Ohlone Greenway, Iron Horse Regional Trail, Contra Costa Canal Trail, and the Richmond Greenway.
Rail
Rail service in the East Bay dates to the
Streetcar service across the East Bay was historically provided by the
The East Bay's modern rail transit service is Bay Area Rapid Transit, or BART, which was primarily designed to deliver commuters to San Francisco via the Transbay Tube, and to a lesser extent Oakland and Berkeley.
Economy
The East Bay has a mixed economy of services, manufacturing, and small and large businesses. The region is headquarters to a number of highly notable businesses, including
Major employers
The East Bay, as a part of the greater Bay Area, is a highly developed region, and is a major center for new and established economic ventures. Along with the county governments of Alameda and Contra Costa, the largest employers are:
- University of California, Berkeley with approximately 20,000 employees[19][failed verification]
- AT&T Inc.with approximately 11,000 employees
- The U.S. Postal Service with around 10,000 employees
- Tesla with 10,000 employees
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory with approximately 8,750 employees
- Chevron Corp. (world headquarters in San Ramon) with 8,730 employees
- Safeway (world headquarters in Pleasanton) with 7,922 employees
- Bank of America with 7,081 employees
- PG&E with approximately 5,200 employees
- Kaiser Permanente (US headquarters in Oakland) with 4,730 employees
- Lucky Stores with 4,631 employees
- Bio-Rad Laboratorieswith 4,300 employees
- Wells Fargo with about 4,000 employees
- Workday (world headquarters in Pleasanton) with 3,865 employees
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory with 3,816 employees
- Mount Diablo Unified School District with 3,700 employees
- West Contra Costa Unified School District with 3,360 employees
- Alta Bates Summit Medical Center with 3,100 employees
- John Muir Medical Centerwith 3,023 employees
- Sandia National Laboratories with 1,670 employees
- Oracle with 1,500 employees
- Western Digital with 1,300 employees
- Seagate with 1,050 employees
Other major companies with headquarters in the East Bay include
Higher education
The East Bay is served by a number of both public and private higher education institutions:
Colleges |
Universities
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See also
References
- ^ "East Bay Division". League of California Cities.
- ^ "The Association of Bay Area Governments". Abag.ca.gov. April 14, 2011. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
- ^ "North American Container Traffic, 2009 Port Ranking" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-08-11.
- ^ "North Concord Station Information". Retrieved 2010-08-12.
- ^ Liedtke, Michael (October 1991). "The Oakland Tribune Rides Again". American Journalism Review. Archived from the original on 2014-10-10. Retrieved 2014-12-02.
- ^ Prince, Richard (August 23, 2011). "Sharpton to Deploy MSNBC on "Battlefield"". Robert C. Maynard Institute for Journalism Education. Archived from the original on May 21, 2013. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
- ISBN 1-932595-04-X.
- ^ Possessed band page, Eduardo Rivadavia, Allmusic: "The brutal Seven Churches was arguably the first true death metal album and set the stage for the genre's breakaway from thrash."
- ISBN 0-8118-5353-5
- ^ Allmusic.com Death Biography
- ^ [Marchese, Beth-Ann. "Oakland." Let's Take a Look at California, 2017. Retrieved 05 October 2017.]
- S2CID 220839319.
- S2CID 144782902.
- ^ San Francisco Bay Area : Its People, Prospects and Problems. San Francisco : the associates, 1948., 1948.
- ^ "What We Don't Learn about the Black Panther Party — but Should. (Cover Story)". Rethinking Schools. 32 (1): 26–33. Fall 2017.
- ^ Jones, Brenda Payton (February 2007). "The BLACK PANTHERS STILL MAKING a DIFFERENCE". Ebony. 62 (4): 190.
- S2CID 144004830.
- ^ "About the East Bay EDA". East Bay Economic Development Alliance. Archived from the original on December 13, 2011.
- ^ "Statistical Summary and Data on UC Students, Faculty, and Staff". University of California. Archived from the original on 2014-12-08. Retrieved 2014-12-02.