East Indies Station
East Indies Station | |
---|---|
Admiralty | |
Garrison/HQ | Trincomalee |
The East Indies Station was a
Even in official documents, the term East Indies Station was often used. In 1941, the ships of the China Squadron and East Indies Squadron were merged to form the
It encompassed
History
The East Indies Station was established as a Royal Navy command in 1744. From 1831 to 1865, the East Indies and the
Anti-slavery activities in East Africa
During the 1850s and 1860s, the Royal Navy fought to suppress the slave trade operating out of
By 1873, London was a
The East Indies Station had bases at
Second World War
In early May 1941, the Commander-in-Chief directed forces to support the pursuit of Pinguin, the German raider that eventually sank after the action of 8 May 1941 against HMS Cornwall.[14]
On 7 December 1941, cruisers on the station included the
In response to increased
Meanwhile, a separate Commander-in-Chief for the East Indies was reappointed. During the 1950s, the task for Royal Navy vessels in the East Indies "..was to deliver fighting power in support of British foreign policy, be that in major warfighting (Korea) or low intensity operations such as counterinsurgency (Malaya), and to offer a British military presence in support of national policy."
Subordinate Commands
Flag Officer, East Africa
Originally established by the Royal Navy as East Coast of Africa Station (1862–1919) was administered by the Flag Officer, East Africa. This officer was subordinate to the Commander-in-Chief, East Indies Station, then later came under the
Rank | Flag | Name | Term | Notes/Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flag Officer, East Africa | |||||
1 | Rear-Admiral | Charles G. Stuart | September, 1943 – 11 January 1944. | [22] | |
4 | Rear-Admiral | Richard Shelly Benyon | 11 January 1944 - November 1944 | [23] | |
5 | Commodore | Sir Philip Bowyer | November 1944 - 1945 |
The Royal Indian Navy (RIN) was the naval force of British India and the Dominion of India from 1 May 1830 to 26 January 1950. It came under the East Indies Station at the outbreak of the Second World War on 3 September 1939.
Vice-Admiral Sir
Red Sea
The
At the beginning of the war, Rear Admiral A.J.L. Murray was
On 21 October 1941, the title was changed to
Persian Gulf
The Royal Navy's presence in the Persian Gulf was originally located at
# | Location | In command | Dates | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Aden | Naval Officer-in-Charge, Aden | 1839 to 1917, 1921 to 1943, 1945 | naval base/shore establishment |
2 | Addu Atoll | Naval Officer in Charge, Addu Atoll | 1942 to 1945 | fleet base [29] |
3 | Calcutta |
Naval Officer in Charge, Calcutta | 1939 to 1945 | during WW2 only normally under FOCOMM, Royal Indian Navy |
4 | Colombo | General Staff Officer, Colombo | 1938 to 1939 | |
5 | Diego Suarez |
Naval Officer in Charge, Diego Suarez | 1935 to 1945 | fleet base [30] |
6 | Kilidini, Mombasa | Senior British Naval Officer, Kilindini | 1935 to 1945 | shore establishment |
7 | Port Louis | Naval Officer-in-Charge, Port Louis | 18 | shore establishment |
8 | Port Sudan | Naval Officer-in-Charge, Port Sudan | 1935 to 1945 | |
9 | Seychelles | Naval Officer-in-Charge, Seychelles | 1915 to 1945 | fleet base [30] |
10 | Tanganyika |
Naval Officer-in-Charge, Tanganyika | 1915 to 1945 | |
11 | Trincomalee | Captain-in-Charge, Ceylon | 1915 to 1945 | |
12 | Zanzibar | Naval Officer-in-Charge, Zanzibar | 1915 to 1945 |
Naval Units | Based at | Date | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
4th Cruiser Squadron | Ceylon |
August to December, 1916 | |
4th Light Cruiser Squadron |
Colombo/Trincomalee, Ceylon | November 1918 to April 1919 | |
Arabian Bengal Ceylon Escort Force (ABCEF ) | Colony of Aden |
1941 to 1942 | Under the Eastern Fleet command from April 1942 to November 1943.[31] |
East Indies and Egypt Seaplane Squadron | Port Said, Egypt | 1916 to 1918 | Royal Navy's first carrier squadron |
Red Sea Division |
Port Tawfik, Egypt |
August 1914 to November 1918 | |
Red Sea Force |
Port Tawfik , Egypt |
April 1940 to 1944 | Naval base HQ Red Sea Force [31] |
Persian Gulf Division | Persia,(1818-1935), Ras Al-Jufair, Bahrain |
1885 to 1958 | |
Persian Gulf Squadron | Persia/ Ras Al-Jufair, Bahrain |
1818 to- 1885 |
Shore establishments
# | Unit name | Location | Dates | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Admiralty House | Ceylon |
1813 to 1958 | Official residence of the Commander-in-Chief |
2 | HM Naval Dockyard, Trincomalee | Trincomalee, Ceylon | 1813 to 1939, 1945-1958 | Headquarters East Indies Station - HMS Highflyer |
3 | HMS Gloucester II | HM Naval Office, Colombo, Ceylon | 1939-1945 | Headquarters East Indies Station [32] Also linked to Navy House, Colombo, Official residence of the Commander-in-Chief in Colombo. |
4 | HM Naval Dockyard, Madras | Madras, India |
1796 to 1813 | Headquarters, East Indies Station [33] |
5 | HMS Anderson | Colombo, Ceylon | 1939 to 1949 | Electronic listening station of the Far East Combined Bureau built on Anderson Golf Club; reverted to previous use after war. |
6 | HM Naval Base, Basra | Basra | 1939 to 1949 | Naval base |
7 | HM Naval Dockyard, Bombay | Bombay, India |
1811 to 1958 | naval base during WW2 known as HMS Braganza |
8 | HM Naval Base, Calcutta | Calcutta, India |
1811 to 1958 | Naval base during WW2 known as HMS Braganza |
9 | HMS Lanka | Colombo, Ceylon | 1939 - 1958 | Naval base and shore station |
10 | HMS Mauritius | Tombeau Bay, Mauritius |
1810 to 1958 | Telegraphic then Wireless Station [34] |
11 | HM Naval Base, Port Jackson [35] | Port Jackson, New South Wales | 1785 to 1865 | Naval base transferred to China Station
|
12 | Port Louis | Port Louis, Mauritius | 1810 to 1968 | Naval base |
13 | HM Naval Base, Port Tawfik | Port Tawfik, Red Sea, Egypt | August 1914 to 1944 | Naval base HQ Red Sea, Patrol/Division/Force |
14 | HMS Sheba | Steamer Point (now Tawahi) in Aden | Example | Naval and shore base till 1958 |
15 | RNAS China Bay | Ceylon |
1938 to 1945 | Air Station HMS Bambara |
16 | RNAS Colombo Racecourse | Prince of Wales Island, George Town, Penang | 1943 to 1945 | Naval air station - HMS Bherunda |
17 | RNAS Katukurunda | Ceylon |
1938 to 1945 | Naval air station - HMS Ukussa |
18 | RNAS Mackinnon Road | Mackinnon Road, Kenya, East Africa | 1942 to 1944 | Naval air station - HMS Tana then HMS Kipanga II[36] |
19 | RNAS Puttalam | Puttalam Ceylon | 1942 to 1944 | Naval air station - HMS Rajaliya[37] |
20 | RNAS Port Reitz |
Port Reitz, Mombasa, Kenya | 1942 to 1944 | Naval air station, Aircraft Repair Yard, Reserve aircraft storage - HMS Tana then HMS Kipanga II HQ of Commdre-in-Charge, NAS, (Eastern Stations.). |
21 | RNAS Tanga | Tanga, Tanzania | 1942 to 1944 | Naval air station - HMS Kilele [38] |
Commanders
= died in post
Commander-in-Chief, East Indies
Prior to 1862, flag officers were appointed to coloured squadrons. Command flags are shown below. See: Royal Navy ranks, rates, and uniforms of the 18th and 19th centuries.
Post holders included:[39][40]
Rank | Ensign | Name | Term | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
Commander-in-Chief, East Indies Station | ||||
Commodore | Curtis Barnett | 1744–1746 | [41] | |
Commodore | Thomas Griffin | 1746–1748 | [42][a] | |
Rear-Admiral | Edward Boscawen | 1748–1750 | [43][44] | |
Commodore | William Lisle | 1750–1752 | [45] | |
Commodore | Joseph Knight | 1752–1754 | [46] | |
Rear-Admiral | Charles Watson | 1754–1757 | [47][48][b] | |
Vice-Admiral | George Pocock | 1757–1759 | [49][c] | |
Commodore | Charles Steevens | 1760–1761 | [50][d] | |
Rear-Admiral | Samuel Cornish | 1761–1763 | [51][52][e] | |
Commodore | John Tinker | 1763–1765 | [53] | |
Captain | John Byron | 1765–1766 | [54][53][f] | |
Captain | Philip Affleck | 1766–1767 | [53] | |
Commodore | John (later Sir John) Lindsay | 1769–1772 | [55] | |
Rear-Admiral | Sir Robert Harland, 1st Baronet | 1771–1775 | [56][57] | |
Commodore | Edward Hughes | 1773–1777 | [58] | |
Commodore | Sir Edward Vernon |
1776–1780 | [59][g] | |
Rear-Admiral | Sir Edward Hughes | 1780–1784 | [58][h] | |
Vice-Admiral | Sir Hyde Parker, 5th Baronet | 1782 | [60][61][i] | |
Commodore | Andrew Mitchell | 1784–1785 | [62] | |
Commodore | Charles Hughes | 1785–1787 | [63] | |
Commodore | William Cornwallis | 1788–1794 | [64] | |
Commodore | Peter Rainier | 1794–1805 | [65] | |
Vice-Admiral | Sir George Keith Elphinstone | 1795 | [66][67][j] | |
Rear-Admiral | Sir Edward Pellew, 1st Baronet | 1804–1809 | [68][69][k] | |
Rear-Admiral | Sir Thomas Troubridge, 1st Baronet | 1805–1807 | [70][71][l] | |
Rear-Admiral | William O'Bryen Drury | 1809–1811 | [72] | |
Vice-Admiral | Sir Samuel Hood, 1st Baronet | 1811–1814 | [73][m] | |
Commodore | George Sayer | 1814 | [74] | |
Rear-Admiral | Sir George Burlton | 1815 | ||
Rear-Admiral | Sir Richard King, 2nd Baronet | 1816–1820 | [75][n] | |
Rear-Admiral | Sir Henry Blackwood, 1st Baronet | 1820–1822 | [76][o] | |
Commodore | Charles Grant | 1822–1824 | ||
Commodore | Sir James Brisbane | 1825–1826 | [77] | |
Rear-Admiral | Joseph Bingham | 1825 | [78][p] | |
Rear-Admiral | William Hall Gage | 1825–1829 | [79] | |
Rear-Admiral | Edward Owen | 1829–1832 | [80] |
C-in-C, East Indies and China Station
Note: for the period 1832–1865.
C-in-C, East Indies & Cape of Good Hope Station
Post holders included:[81]
Rank | Flag | Name | Term |
---|---|---|---|
Commander-in-Chief, East Indies & Cape of Good Hope Station | |||
Commodore | Frederick Montresor | (1865) [3] | |
Commodore | Charles Hillyar | (1865–1867) [3] |
C-in-C, East Indies Station
Rank | Flag | Name | Term |
---|---|---|---|
Commander-in-Chief, East Indies Station | |||
Rear-Admiral | Leopold Heath | (1867–1870) | |
Rear-Admiral | James Cockburn | (1870–1872) | |
Rear-Admiral | Arthur Cumming | (1872–1875) | |
Rear-Admiral | Reginald Macdonald | (1875–1877) | |
Rear-Admiral | John Corbett | (1877–1879) | |
Rear-Admiral | William Gore Jones | (1879–1882) | |
Rear-Admiral | William Hewett |
(1882–1885) | |
Rear-Admiral | Frederick Richards | (1885–1888) | |
Rear-Admiral | Edmund Fremantle | (1888–1891) | |
Rear-Admiral | Frederick Robinson | (1891–1892) | |
Rear-Admiral | William Kennedy | (1892–1895) | |
Rear-Admiral | Edmund Drummond | (1895–1898) | |
Rear-Admiral | Archibald Douglas | (1898–1899) | |
Rear-Admiral | Day Bosanquet | (1899–1902) | |
Rear-Admiral | Charles Drury | (1902–1903)[84] | |
Rear-Admiral | George Atkinson-Willes | (1903–1905) | |
Rear-Admiral | Edmund Poë | (1905–1907) | |
Rear-Admiral | Sir George Warrender | (1907–1909) | |
Rear-Admiral | Edmond Slade | (1909–1912) | |
Rear-Admiral | Alexander Bethell | (1912-1913) |
C-in-C, East Indies and Egypt Station
Note:The post was sometimes styled as Senior Naval Officer, Egypt, and Commander-in-Chief, East Indies Station.[85]
Rank | Flag | Name | Term | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Commander-in-Chief, East Indies and Egypt Station | ||||
Rear-Admiral | Sir Richard Peirse | (1913–1915) [86] | ||
Rear-Admiral | Rosslyn Wemyss | (1916–1917) [87] |
C-in-C, East Indies Station
Rank | Flag | Name | Term |
---|---|---|---|
Commander-in-Chief, East Indies Station | |||
Rear-Admiral | Ernest Gaunt | (1917–1919) | |
Rear-Admiral | Hugh Tothill | (1919–1921) | |
Rear-Admiral | Lewis Clinton-Baker | (1921–1923) | |
Rear-Admiral | Herbert Richmond | (1923–1925) | |
Rear-Admiral | Walter Ellerton | (1925–1927) | |
Rear-Admiral | Bertram Thesiger | (1927–1929) | |
Rear-Admiral | Eric Fullerton | (1929–1932) | |
Rear-Admiral | Martin Dunbar-Nasmith | (1932–1934) | |
Vice-Admiral | Frank Rose | (1934–1936) | |
Vice-Admiral | Alexander Ramsay | (1936–1938) | |
Vice-Admiral | James Somerville | (1938–1939) | |
Admiral | Sir Ralph Leatham | (1939–1941) | |
Vice-Admiral | Geoffrey Arbuthnot | (1941–1942)[15] | |
Admiral | Sir Geoffrey Layton | (1942–1944) | |
Vice-Admiral | Sir Arthur Power | (1944–1945) | |
Admiral | Sir Arthur Palliser | (1946–1948) | |
Vice-Admiral | Sir Charles Woodhouse | (1948–1950) | |
Admiral | Sir Geoffrey Oliver | (1950–1952) | |
Admiral | Sir William Slayter | (1952–1954) | |
Vice-Admiral | Sir Charles Norris | (1954–1956) | |
Vice-Admiral | Sir Hilary Biggs | (1956–1958) |
Chief of Staff 1939-41
Included:[88]
Rank | Flag | Name | Term | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chief of Staff, East Indies Station/Eastern Fleet | ||||
Captain | Frederick Rodney Garside | 3 January 1939 - June 1941 [89] | ||
Rear-Admiral | Arthur F. E. Palliser | June - December 1941 |
Note: Under East Indies Station briefly when the
See also
Notes
- ^ Thomas Griffin promoted later Rear- then Vice-Admiral
- ^ Charles Watson promoted later to Vice-Admiral
- ^ George Pocock appointed Vice-Admiral of the White, February 1757, Ref:Harrison. Simon, (2010-2018)
- ^ Charles Steevens promoted later to Rear-Admiral
- ^ Samuel Cornish promoted later to Vice-Admiral
- ^ Byron's appointment was initially a subterfuge, designed to provide apparent legitimacy for a voyage along the coast of Spanish South America and around the Cape of Good Hope. Byron's true mission was to establish a British naval presence on an uninhabited island off Spanish South America, which he achieved via landings on the Falkland Islands in December 1764.[54]
- ^ Edward Vernon promoted later to Rear-Admiral
- ^ Edward Hughes, second term as Commander-in-Chief
- ^ Hyde Parker appointed 1782 but lost at sea on his way out
- ^ Elphinstone went to capture the Dutch East Indies in 1795 but Rainier had already done it
- ^ Pellew was later promoted to Rear-Admiral of the Red, 9 November 1805
- ^ Troughbridge served jointly with Edward Pellew
- ^ Samuel Hood appointed Vice-Admiral of the White, 4 June 1814, Harrison, 2010-2018
- ^ Richard King appointed Rear-Admiral of the White, 4 June 1814 ref: Harrison, Simon (2010-2018)
- ^ Henry Blackwood appointed Rear-Admiral of the Blue, July 1819 ref: Harrison, Simon (2010-2018)
- ^ Joseph Bingham appointed 1825 but died before taking up post
References
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- ^ a b c d William Loney RN
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- ^ Society, the Church Missionary. The slave trade of East Africa. The Church Missionary Society, 1869. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
{{cite book}}
:|website=
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- ^ Davis, Paul. "The Frere mission to Zanzibar". www.pdavis.nl. P. L. Davis, 2010–2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
- ^ Rawley 1988, 184.
- ^ Lavery, Ships of the Line vol.1, p190.
- ^ "War Records of the Commander-in-Chief East Indies Station". Naval History. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
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- ^ a b "East Indies Fleet". Orders of Battle.
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- ^ Watson, Graham. "Royal Navy Organisation and Ship Deployment 1947–2013:1. ROYAL NAVY ORGANISATION AND DEPLOYMENT FROM 1947". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith, 12 July 2015. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
- ^ Ashley Jackson (2006), The Royal Navy and the Indian Ocean region since 1945, The RUSI Journal, Vol. 151, No. 6, December 2006, 79.
- ^ Ashley Jackson (2006), The Royal Navy and the Indian Ocean region since 1945, The RUSI Journal, Vol. 151, No. 6, December 2006, 81, also drawing upon Cecil Hampshire, "The Royal Navy Since 1945: Its Transition to the Nuclear Age" (London William Kimber, 1975), p. 140-144.
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- ^ Houterman, J.N. "Royal Navy (RN) Officers 1939-1945 - S". unithistories.com. Houterman and Kloppes. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
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- ^ "Herbert Fitzherbert". Unit Histories. Archived from the original on 30 April 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
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- ^ ISBN 978-1-84383-848-7.
- ^ a b Rea, Robert R. (October 1981). "Florida and the Royal Navy's Floridas". The Florida Historical Quarterly. 60 (2). Florida Historical Society: 187.
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- ^ Navy Lists, Monthly. London, England: H. M. Stationery Office. February 1940. p. 702.
Further reading
- Peter A. Ward, British Naval Power in the East, 1794-1805: The Command of Admiral Peter Rainier, Boydell Press
External links
- The British Pacific and East Indies Fleets
- Commander-in-Chief East Indies, recommendations for awards, 1858 [1]
- National Archives, Folios 191-261: telegrams from Admiralty to Commander-in-Chief East Indies, 1914