East Surrey Regiment
East Surrey Regiment | |
---|---|
Volunteer battalions Up to 12 Hostilities-only battalions | |
Part of | Home Counties Brigade |
Garrison/HQ | The Barracks, Kingston upon Thames |
Nickname(s) | 1st Battalion: The Young Buffs 2nd Battalion: The Glasgow Greys |
March | Quick: A Southerly Wind and a Cloudy Sky Slow: Lord Charles Montague's The Huntingdonshire March |
Anniversaries | Sobraon (10 February) Ypres (23 April) |
Engagements | Suakin Expedition 1885 Second Boer War World War I World War II |
The East Surrey Regiment was a line infantry regiment of the British Army in existence from 1881 until 1959. The regiment was formed in 1881 under the Childers Reforms by the amalgamation of the 31st (Huntingdonshire) Regiment of Foot, the 70th (Surrey) Regiment of Foot, the 1st Royal Surrey Militia and the 3rd Royal Surrey Militia.
In 1959, after service in the Second Boer War and both World War I and World War II, the East Surrey Regiment was amalgamated with the Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey) to form the Queen's Royal Surrey Regiment, which was, in 1966, merged with the Queen's Own Buffs, The Royal Kent Regiment, the Royal Sussex Regiment and the Middlesex Regiment (Duke of Cambridge's Own) to form the Queen's Regiment. The Queen's Regiment was subsequently amalgamated with the Royal Hampshire Regiment to form the present Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment (Queen's and Royal Hampshires).
History
Early history
In 1702 a regiment of marines was raised in the West Country by George Villier (not related to the Villiers that became the Duke of Buckingham). It was named Villier's Marines.[1][2] Villier was drowned in 1703, and the regiment was taken over by Alexander Luttrell.[2][3] After Luttrell's death in 1705, the command went to Joshua Churchill until 1711 when it became Goring's Regiment (at this time regiments took the name of their colonel).[2][4][5]
In 1715 the regiment was removed from the marines and became the 31st Regiment of Infantry, and in 1751 the designation was changed to the 31st Regiment of Foot.[2][6] Five years later a second battalion was raised in Scotland, the 2/31st Foot, which was re-designated in 1758, the 70th Regiment of Foot (Glasgow Lowland Regiment).[2][7]
Further changes were made in 1782. The 31st became known as the 31st (Huntingdonshire) Regiment of Foot, while the 70th became the 70th (Surrey) Regiment of Foot. They stayed with these titles until 1881 when they became the 1st & 2nd battalions of the East Surrey Regiment.[2][6][7][8]
1881 to 1914
Following amalgamation, The Barracks, Kingston upon Thames became the regimental depot.[9][10]
The 1st Battalion, on formation, was in England, moving to India in 1884.[11] It remained in India until 1903, its last posting being at Lucknow. It was then recalled to England and was posted at Aldershot, before moving to Jersey in 1905 and to Plymouth in 1909.[12]
The 2nd Battalion was in India when formed, moving to Suez in 1884. It then joined the Suakin Expedition in the Sudan in February 1885, where it saw fighting against the forces of the Mahdist State.[13] The battalion left Suakin when the expedition was withdrawn in May 1885, returning to England. The battalion's next overseas service was in the Second Boer War in South Africa, where it took part in the Battle of Colenso in December 1899, the Relief of Ladysmith in February 1900, and the Battle of the Tugela Heights in February 1900.[14] After the end of the war in South Africa, the battalion was shipped from Point Natal to Bombay on the SS Syria in January 1903,[15] where it replaced the 1st battalion at Lucknow.[16] The battalion remained in India until the outbreak of the First World War.[12]
The 3rd (Militia) Battalion, which was formed from the 1st Royal Surrey Militia in 1881, was a reserve battalion. It was embodied for service during the Second Boer War in South Africa on 3 May 1900, disembodied on 15 October 1900, re-embodied on 6 May 1901 and disembodied on 26 July 1902. More than 600 officers and men returned to Southampton by the SS Gaika in July 1902, following the end of the war, and was disbanded at Kingston barracks after having received their service medals.[2][17][18]
The 4th (Militia) Battalion, formed from the 3rd Royal Surrey Militia in 1881 was also a reserve battalion.[2][17][19] It was embodied for service on 4 December 1899, disembodied on 12 July 1901, and re-embodied again for service during Second Boer War in South Africa. Eight hundred and fifty officers and men returned to Southampton by the SS Tagus in October 1902, following the end of the war, and was disbanded at the Kingston barracks.[20]
Under the 1881 reforms the regiment was also assigned four Volunteer Battalions:[2][21]
The 1st Surrey Rifles was based at Camberwell; it did not change its title when affiliated to the East Surreys, and in 1908 it became the 21st (County of London) Battalion in the London Regiment.
The 3rd Surrey Rifle Volunteers at Wimbledon became the 2nd Volunteer Battalion and adopted that as its title in 1887.
The 5th Surrey Rifle Volunteers at Kingston became the 3rd Volunteer Battalion and was also redesignated in 1887.
The
In 1908, the Volunteers and Militia were reorganised nationally, with the former becoming the
First World War
Regular Army
On 4 August 1914, the 1st Battalion, East Surrey Regiment was in
The 2nd Battalion returned from
Special Reserve
The 3rd (Reserve) and 4th (Extra Reserve) Battalions remained in England with the dual role of home defence and of training and preparing reinforcement drafts of reservists, special reservists, recruits and returning wounded for the regular battalions.[24][25][31]
Territorial Force
The 1/5th and 1/6th Battalions, East Surrey Regiment were not to see service on the Western Front. Both battalions were part of the Surrey Brigade, alongside the 4th and 5th West Surreys, and attached to the Home Counties Division.[24][25] They embarked for India in October 1914 and were employed on garrison duties in the United Provinces and the Punjab for two years. The 1/5th Battalion then joined the Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force in December 1917 and took part in the operations on the Tigris, while the 1/6th Battalion left India in February 1917 for a twelve-month tour of duty with the Aden Field Force.[25]
Hostilities-only battalions
After the outbreak of war the East surreys formed nine 'New Army' or 'Kitchener's Army' battalions:[2][24][25] The 7th (Service) Battalion landed at Boulogne-sur-Mer as part of the 37th Brigade in the 12th (Eastern) Division in June 1915 for service on the Western Front.[24][25] The battalion fought at the battles of Loos, the Somme, Albert and Arras.[26]
The 8th (Service) Battalion landed at Boulogne-sur-Mer as part of the 55th Brigade in the 18th (Eastern) Division in July 1915 also for service on the Western Front.[24][25] The battalion fought at the Battle of Loos and the Battle of the Somme.[26] One particular incident will always be remembered. On the first day of the Battle of the Somme, 1 July 1916, B Company of the 8th Battalion went into the attack dribbling two footballs which the company commander, Captain Wilfred Nevill, had bought for his platoons to kick across no man's land. Captain Nevill and many of his men were killed during the advance, but the 8th East Surreys were one of the few battalions to reach and hold their objective on this day. The "Football Attack" caught the imagination of the country, and illustrations of it are shown in the Regimental Museum, which also contains one of the footballs used. On that day, the 8th Battalion won two DSOs, two MCs, two DCMs and nine MMs, but 446 officers and men were killed or wounded.[26]
The 9th (Service) Battalion landed at Boulogne-sur-Mer as part of the 72nd Brigade in the 24th Division in September 1915 also for service on the Western Front.[24][25] The battalion saw action at the Battle of the Somme.[26]
The
When the regimental depots were overwhelmed by volunteers, so-called '
The 12th (Service) Battalion (Bermondsey) landed at Le Havre as part of the
The 13th (Service) Battalion (Wandsworth) landed at Le Havre as part of the 120th Brigade in the 40th Division in June 1916 also for service on the Western Front.[24][25] The battalion saw action at the Battle of the Somme, the Battle of Cambrai and the Battle of Arras.[26]
The 14th (Reserve) Battalion was formed at Wimbledon in 1915 to supply reinforcements to the 12th and 13th battalions.[2][24][25]
A short-lived 15th (Service) Battalion was formed in 1918, and was used to reconstitute the shattered 13th (Wandsworth) Battalion.[2][24][25]
1919 to 1939
Between August and October 1919 the First Battalion were in the
In 1920, the 2nd Battalion served in Egypt and Turkey, then Ireland, returning to England in 1921. Apart from a posting at Gibraltar, the 2nd Battalion remained at home until September 1938, when they moved to Shanghai.[34]
The service and Territorial battalions were disbanded after the First World War but in 1920 the 5th and 6th Battalions of the East Surreys were re-formed.[2][35] In 1938 the 5th Battalion was converted to an Anti-Tank Regiment to form the 57th (East Surrey) Anti-Tank Regiment, Royal Artillery (TA), with headquarters at Wimbledon. In 1939 a duplicate unit was formed as the 67th Anti-Tank Regiment, Royal Artillery (TA), with headquarters at Sutton.[2][36]
The 6th Battalion comprised five companies based at drill halls with A Company at Chertsey, B and C at Park Road, Richmond, D at Orchard Road, Kingston and HQ at Surbiton.[37][38] By the summer of 1939 the 6th battalion, commanded by Lt Col M.D.Hicks since 1936, numbered over 1,200.[39][40]
Second World War
The 1st Battalion
The 1st Battalion, East Surrey Regiment was a
After North Africa the British First Army was disbanded and 78th Division became part of the British Eighth Army. The battalion then fought in Sicily during the invasion before moving to Italy for the Italian campaign where it had notable involvement in the Battle of Termoli and the fighting on the Barbara Line and River Sangro during the autumn of 1943.[42] In February 1944 78th Division was switched to the Cassino sector. The battalion initially held positions on the River Rapido south of Cassino but by March had been moved into bleak and exposed positions in the mountains north of the town. In late April they were relieved and after a brief rest took part in the fourth and final battle of Monte Cassino in May 1944.[41] They were then involved in the pursuit after the Allied breakthrough. They fought a hard engagement at Lake Trasimeno on the Trasimene Line in June 1944 before being withdrawn with the rest of the division in July to Egypt for rest and training.[43]
The 1st East Surreys returned with 78th Division to Italy in September 1944 in time to take part in
The 2nd Battalion
In September 1938 the 2nd Battalion was moved from Colchester to the British Concession of the International Settlement in Shanghai. In August 1940 the battalion was posted from
In May 1942 the 2nd Battalion was reformed in the United Kingdom from the re-designation of the 11th Battalion, a hostilities-only battalion raised in 1940 that joined the 184th Infantry Brigade, 61st Division. It did not see further action in World War II.[45]
Territorial Battalions
The 6th Battalion, East Surrey Regiment was a Territorial Army (TA) unit until 1939, when each unit was ordered to form a 2nd Line duplicate. It was therefore split in two with Kingston and Hersham companies and the Band used to form the 1/6th and the Chertsey and Richmond companies and the Drums to form the 2/6th. Both were embodied on 24 August 1939 whilst at camp in Lympne and were fully mobilised and guarding vulnerable points at the outbreak of war on 3 September.[2][39]
A further five other, hostilities-only, territorial battalions were formed in 1940: the 8th, 9th, 10th, the 50th (Holding) and the 70th (Young Soldiers) Battalions. An army camp was established in Richmond Park to add capacity to the Regimental Depot at Kingston in its role as an Infantry Training Centre. It operated there from early 1940 until August 1941 when the ITC transferred to Canterbury, a facility shared with the Buffs.[2][46]
The 1/6th was initially commanded by Lt Col Hicks until he transferred out in December 1939 to be replaced by Lt Col F O Voisin.[40][47] A draft transferred in from the 1st Battalion whilst soldiers under 20 years of age were transferred out to the 2/6th. After a period of intense training at Lyme Regis the battalion of 28 officers and 643 other ranks embarked for France from Southampton on 5 April 1940 arriving at Cherbourg.[48]
The 1/6th were deployed with the
The battalion was exchanged in 132nd Brigade for the 1st Battalion, Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment, making that brigade an all-West Kent formation, and the 1/6th transferred to the 10th Infantry Brigade, 4th Infantry Division, as part of official BEF policy to integrate the Regular and Territorial Armies.[50]By 15 May the battalion were moved to positions on the
Three days of fighting in the
Armstrong remained in command until April 1942 when he was posted to command the 70th (Young Soldiers) Battalion.[49][55] Lt Col H.A.B. Bruno took command in April 1942 and led the battalion in action in North Africa in March, but was killed in action during the attack on Djebel Djaffa in April.[56] He was succeeded by Lt Col R O V Thompson, who had served with the 1st and 2nd Battalions before the war, appointed from a posting in the RAF to command the 1/6th for the final phase of the Tunisian Campaign. He subsequently led the battalion into action in Italy in the crossing of the River Rapido and the capture of Cassino. He, too was killed in action when his Jeep was blown up by a mine near Tivoli on 7 June 1944.[57] Colonel C G S McAlester took command until February 1945.[58] For the final months of the war, until August 1945, the battalion was led by Lt Col A G H Culverhouse, who had previously served with the 1/6th and had been wounded at Dunkirk.[59][60]
The 2/6th Battalion was formed in 1939 under the command of Lt. Col. H.S. Burgess.[61] The battalion was assigned to the
Hostilities-only battalions
Unlike the first World War, the hostilities-only battalions raised during World War II were all territorials and deployed on home defence duties. The 8th Battalion was raised at
The 9th Battalion was formed at
The 10th Battalion was formed at Kingston on 4 July 1940 comprising seven officers and about 150 men. In a few days it moved to a camp at Ilfracombe where its numbers were increased by about 800 new recruits all immediately engaged on guard duties. The 10th remained in Devon, in and around Plymouth until moving to Helston, Cornwall, in June 1941 and Tiverton, Devon in July. Here they were able to train with 48th Division until returning to coastal defence at Crownhill, Devonport from August 1941 until undertaking more divisional training at Whitchurch Down, Devon, in June 1942 before returning to Crownhill. They moved to Dovercourt, Essex in January 1943 joining 45th Division for three weeks before being deployed to Cookstown and Portglenone in Northern Ireland until returning to England at the end of the year at Hassocks, West Sussex. During this period many men were transferred out for service in the Middle East and in 21st Army Group. The 10th's final task was to prepare and run a camp marshalling sub-area in Hambledon, Hampshire, for Operation Overlord until disbanded in August 1944.[79]
The 50th (Holding) Battalion was formed in early June 1940 at
Home Guard
From the formation of the Local Defence Volunteer (Home Guard) on 14 May 1940 until stood down on 6 September 1944 over 55,000 men served in twelve Surrey and four County of London battalions associated with the East Surrey Regiment, suffering a total of 538 casualties and few fatalities.[81][82]
Post 1945 and amalgamation
At the end of 1945 the 2nd Battalion moved from England to Egypt, before moving to Palestine, where it helped counter the Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine. After the British evacuation of Palestine, the 2nd battalion saw garrison duty in the Suez Canal Zone, before a final posting to Greece, where in 1948 it was disbanded, its personnel joining the 1st Battalion.[2][83]
In January 1946, the 1st Battalion moved from Austria to Greece, it combatting
Regimental museum
The Surrey Infantry Museum was based at Clandon Park House, near Guildford until it was destroyed in a fire in April 2015.[85]
Battle honours
The regiment's battle honours are as follows:[19]
- From 31st Regiment of Foot: Talavera, Albuhera, Vittoria, Pyrenees, Nivelle, Nive, Orthes, Peninsula, Cabool 1842, Moodkee, Ferozeshah, Aliwal, Sobraon, Sevastopol, Taku Forts, Gibraltar 1704–05 (awarded 1909), Dettingen (awarded 1882)
- From 70th Regiment of Foot: Guadeloupe 1810, New Zealand, Afghanistan 1878–79, Martinique 1794 (awarded 1909)
- Suakin 1885, Relief of Ladysmith, South Africa 1899–1902
- The Great War (18 battalions): Mons, Le Cateau, Retreat from Mons, Marne 1914, Aisne 1914, La Bassée 1914, Armentières 1914, Hill 60, Ypres 1915 '17 '18, Gravenstafel, St. Julien, Frezenberg, Bellewaarde, Loos, Somme 1916 '18, Albert 1916 '18, Bazentin, Delville Wood, Pozières, Guillemont, Flers-Courcelette, Morval, Thiepval, Le Transloy, Ancre Heights, Ancre 1916, Arras 1917 '18, Vimy 1917, Scarpe 1917, Messines 1917, Pilckem, Langemarck 1917, Menin Road, Polygon Wood, Broodseinde, Poelcappelle, Passchendaele, Cambrai 1917 '18, St. Quentin, Bapaume 1918, Rosières, Avre, Lys, Estaires, Hazebrouck, Amiens, Hindenburg Line, Épéhy, Canal du Nord, St. Quentin Canal, Courtrai, Selle, Sambre, France and Flanders 1914–18, Italy 1917–18, Struma, Doiran 1918, Macedonia 1915–18, Egypt 1915, Aden, Mesopotamia 1917–18, Murman 1919
- The Second World War: Defence of Escaut, Dunkirk 1940, North-West Europe 1940, Tebourba, Fort McGregor, Oued Zarga, Djebel Ang, Djebel Djaffa Pass, Medjez Plain, Longstop Hill 1943, Tunis, Montarnaud, North Africa 1942–43, Adrano, Centuripe, Sicily 1943, Trigno, Sangro, Cassino4, Capture of Forli, Argenta Gap, Italy 1943–45, Greece 1944–45, Kampar, Malaya 1941–42
Victoria Crosses
- Private (later Sergeant) Albert Edward Curtis, Second Boer War
- Lieutenant (later Brigadier) Great War
- Second Lieutenant (later Major) Benjamin Handley Geary, Great War
- Private (later Corporal) Edward Dwyer, Great War
- Second Lieutenant (later Captain) Arthur James Terence Fleming-Sandes, Great War
- Corporal Edward Foster, Great War
- Sergeant (later Captain) Harry Cator, Great War
- Corporal John McNamara, Great War
- Lieutenant (later Lieutenant Colonel) Eric Charles Twelves Wilson, World War II
Regimental Colonels
Colonels of the regiment were:[19]
- 1881–1898 (1st Battalion): Gen. Sir 31st Foot)
- 1881 (2nd Battalion): Gen. 70th Foot. Died NZ, 1881)
- 188? (2nd Battalion): Gen. Sir Richard Chambre Hayes Taylor, GCB
- 1898–1920: Gen. Sir George Richards Greaves, GCB, KCMG
- 1920–1939: Maj-Gen. Sir John Raynsford Longley, KCMG, CB
- 1939–1946: Gen. Sir Richard Foster Carter Foster, KCB, CMG, DSO
- 1946–1954: Lt-Gen. Sir Arthur Arnhold Bullick Dowler, KCB, KBE
- 1954–1959: Brig. George Rowland Patrick Roupell, VC, CB
- 1959: Regiment amalgamated with the Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey), to form the Queen's Royal Surrey Regiment
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Sources
- Cannon, Richard (1850). Historical record of the 31st or the Huntingdonshire Regiment of Foot. Parker, Furnivall & Parker. OCLC 223603501.
- Daniell, David Scott (1957). The History of the East Surrey Regiment. Vol. IV 1920–1952. London: Ernest Benn. OCLC 492800784.
- Ford, Ken (1999). Battleaxe Division. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton. ISBN 0-7509-1893-4.
- J.B.M. Frederick, Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978, Vol I, Wakefield: Microform Academic, 1984, ISBN 1-85117-007-3.
- Col George Jackson Hay, An Epitomized History of the Militia (The Constitutional Force), London:United Service Gazette, 1905/Ray Westlake Military Books, 1987 Archived 11 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine ISBN 0-9508530-7-0.
- Brig E.A. James, British Regiments 1914–18, London: Samson Books, 1978/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2001, ISBN 978-1-84342-197-9.
- Joslen, Lt-Col H.F. (2003). Orders of Battle, United Kingdom and Colonial Formations and Units in the Second World War, 1939–1945. Uckfield: Naval & Military. ISBN 1843424746.
- Langley, Michael (1972). The East Surrey Regiment. London: ISBN 0-85052-114-9.
- Squire, G.L.A.; Hill, P.G.E. (1992). The Surreys in Italy. Clandon, Surrey: The Queen's Royal Surrey Regiment Museum. OCLC 681165587.
- Squire, G.L.A.; Hill, P.G.E. (1996). The Final Years. Clandon, Surrey: The Queen's Royal Surrey Regiment Museum. OCLC 738531033.
- Ray Westlake, Tracing the Rifle Volunteers, Barnsley: Pen and Sword, 2010, ISBN 978-1-84884-211-3.