Eastern Ukraine
Eastern Ukraine or east Ukraine (Ukrainian: Східна Україна, romanized: Skhidna Ukrayina; Russian: Восточная Украина, romanized: Vostochnaya Ukraina) is primarily the territory of Ukraine east of the Dnipro (or Dnieper) river, particularly Kharkiv, Luhansk and Donetsk oblasts (provinces). Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts are often also regarded as "eastern Ukraine". In regard to traditional territories, the area encompasses portions of the southern Sloboda Ukraine, Donbas, the eastern Azov Littoral (Pryazovia).[according to whom?]
Almost a third of the country's population lives in the region, which includes several cities with population of around a million. Within Ukraine, the region is the most highly urbanized, particularly portions of central Kharkiv Oblast, south-western Luhansk Oblast, central, northern and eastern areas of Donetsk Oblast.
Geography
The region stretches from southern areas of the Central Russian Upland to the northern shores of the Sea of Azov, from the eastern border with Russia to Black Sea and Dnieper Lowlands (including the left bank of the Dnipro) to the west. Other than the Dnipro, the major river of eastern Ukraine is the Siverskyi Donets. The main economic region of that part of the country is the Donbas, whose name is a contraction of "Donets Basin", named after the Siverskyi Donets. The region became the scene of an armed conflict between Ukraine and Russian proxy forces.
Cities and population
The territory is heavily urbanized and commonly associated with the Donbas. The three largest metropolitan cities form an industrial triangle within the region. Among the major cities with population of over 200,000 people are
Oblast (province) | Ukrainian name | Area in km2 | Population at 2001 Census |
Population at 2012 estimate |
Notes [1] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Donetsk | Донецька область | 26,517 | 4,825,563 | 4,403,178 | |
Kharkiv | Харківська область | 31,418 | 2,914,212 | 2,742,180 | |
Luhansk | Луганська область | 26,683 | 2,546,178 | 2,272,676 | |
Total for 3 oblasts | 84,618 | 10,285,953 | 9,418,034 | ||
Zaporizhzhia | Запорізька область | 27,183 | 1,929,171 | 1,791,668 | |
Dnipropetrovsk | Дніпропетровська область | 31,923 | 3,561,224 | 3,320,299 | |
Total for 5 oblasts | 143,724 | 15,776,348 | 14,530,001 |
Demographics
Ethnicity and language
According to the 2001 census, the majority of eastern Ukraine's population are ethnic Ukrainians, while ethnic Russians form a significant minority. The most common language in urban areas of the Luhansk and Donetsk Oblasts is Russian, having long dominated in government and the media. When Ukraine became independent, there were no Ukrainian-language schools in Donetsk.[2]
Noticeable cultural differences in the region (compared with the rest of Ukraine except
Effective in August 2012, a
Religion
According to a 2016 survey of
Politics
A large majority of voters in eastern Ukraine (83% or more in each oblast) approved Ukraine's declaration of independence in the 1991 referendum, though the majority was not as big as in the west.[16][17]
A 2007 survey by the Razumkov Centre asked "Would you like to have your region separated from Ukraine and joined another state?" In eastern Ukraine, 77.9% of respondents disagreed, 10.4% agreed, and the rest were undecided.[18]
In
In a poll conducted by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology in the first half of February 2014, 25.8% of those polled in eastern Ukraine believed that "Ukraine and Russia must unite into a single state", nationwide this percentage was 12.5%.[24]
In 2014, the
A November 2015 poll carried out by
See also
References
- ^ All statistics sourced from: State Statistics Committee of "Ukraine".
- ISBN 978-0-674-26837-1(page 218)
- RATING(25 May 2012)
- ^ "Poll: Over half of Ukrainians against granting official status to Russian language – Dec. 27, 2012". 27 December 2012.
- ^ Timothy D. Snyder, The New York Review of Books(21 September 2010)
- ^ (in Ukrainian) Ставлення населення України до постаті Йосипа Сталіна Attitude population Ukraine to the figure of Joseph Stalin, Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (1 March 2013)
- ^ Yanukovych signs language bill into law. Retrieved 2012-09-07.
- ^ Russian spreads like wildfires in dry Ukrainian forest. Retrieved 2012-09-07.
- ^ Romanian becomes regional language in Bila Tserkva in Zakarpattia region, Kyiv Post (24 September 2012)
- ^ Ukraine: Speaker Oleksandr Turchynov named interim president, BBC News (23 February 2014)
- ^ Traynor, Ian (24 February 2014). "Western nations scramble to contain fallout from Ukraine crisis". The Guardian.
- ^ Kramer, Andrew (2 March 2014). "Ukraine Turns to Its Oligarchs for Political Help". New York Times. Retrieved 2 March 2014.
- ^ Halya Coynash (13 April 2015). "Bad News for Moscow on the Language Front". Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
- ^ Constitutional Court declares unconstitutional language law of Kivalov-Kolesnichenko, Ukrinform (28 February 2018)
- ^ Razumkov Centerin collaboration with the All-Ukrainian Council of Churches. pp. 27–29.
- ISBN 0521574579(page 128)
- ^ Ivan Katchanovski. (2009). Terrorists or National Heroes? Politics of the OUN and the UPA in Ukraine Paper prepared for presentation at the Annual Conference of the Canadian Political Science Association, Montreal, June 1–3, 2010
- ^ "Would you like to have your region separated from Ukraine and joined another state (regional distribution)". Razumkov Centre. 18 June 2007. Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
- ISBN 978-3-525-36912-8(page 396)
- openDemocracy.net(3 January 2011)
- ^ The Jamestown Foundation (17 October 2012)(5 October 2007)
UKRAINE: Yushchenko needs Tymoshenko as ally again Archived 2013-05-15 at the Wayback Machine by Taras Kuzio, Oxford Analytica - Ukrayinska Pravda(22 October 2015)
- Radio Liberty. 25 September 2015
- ^ "How relations between Ukraine and Russia should look like? Public opinion polls' results". Kyiv International Institute of Sociology. 4 March 2014.
- ^ Roth, Andrew (4 March 2014). "From Russia, 'Tourists' Stir the Protests". The New York Times.
"Russian site recruits 'volunteers' for Ukraine". BBC News. 4 March 2014. - ^ "Protesters Storm Kharkiv Theater Thinking It Was City Hall". The Moscow Times. 8 April 2014.
- ^ "Ukraine Situation report No.33 as of 27 March 2015" (PDF). OCHA. 27 March 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f "IRI's Center for Insights Poll: Pessimism High after Two Years of Violent Conflict with Russia; People in the Ukrainian-Controlled Territories of Donbas Want to Remain Part of Ukraine". International Republican Institute. 12 January 2016.
Further reading
- ISBN 978-0-19-530546-3, page 187