Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests

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Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests
Palearctic
Biometemperate broadleaf and mixed forests
Borders
List
Geography
Area81,628 km2 (31,517 sq mi)
CountriesTurkey
Conservation
Conservation statusVulnerable

The Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests ecoregion is located in the mountains of eastern

ecoregion in the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome
.

Geography

The ecoregion covers an area of 81,628 km2,

Euphrates River.[2]

The

Central Anatolian species, and the western limit of many eastern Anatolian species. 390 plant species are confined to the diagonal itself.[2]

Climate

The climate is dry and continental, with extreme winter cold and heavy snowfall. Average annual precipitation ranges from 600 to 1,000 mm. The Mediterranean climate regions of the eastern Mediterranean lie to the south and southwest. The climate of the Black Sea region to the north is more humid and moderate.[2]

Flora

Forests and woodlands are the most widespread plant communities, interspersed with steppe and shrublands. Forests typically have an open canopy and a grassy understory. The predominant trees are deciduous

sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa), maple (Acer spp.). and the shrub Lonicera caucasica are found in humid enclaves.[2]

Other woody plant communities include wild rose shrublands dominated by Rosa pimpinellifolia and Rosa canina, and low woodlands of dwarf juniper (Juniperus communis ssp. nana) with an understory of Convolvulus calvertii.[2]

Areas of steppe are interspersed among the forests and woodlands, and anthropogenic steppe has expanded where woodlands and forests have been degraded or destroyed. Steppe of

Gundelia tournefortii, Noaea mucronata, Thymus spp., and Salvia cryptantha, is found in oak forest clearings. These are known as tragacanthic steppe, after tragacanth, a natural gum derived from several species of Astragalus that grow there. High mountain steppes are predominantly of herbaceous plants, like Achillea vermicularis, Ajuga chia, Helianthemum nummularium, Malcolmia africana, and Marrubium parviflorum. Other steppe types are dominated by grasses.[2]

Fauna

Native mammals include

river otter (Lutra lutra).[2]

Birds include the chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) and grey partridge (Perdix perdix).

Protected areas

Protected areas in the ecoregion include Munzur Valley National Park, Mount Nemrut National Park, and Şeytan Dağları National Park.

External links

  • "Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.

References

  1. PMID 28608869.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link
    )     Supplemental material 2 table S1b.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Turkey - Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests". World Wildlife Federation. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
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