Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests
Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests | |
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Ecology | |
Realm | Indomalayan |
Biome | tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests |
Borders | List
|
Bird species | 313 |
Geography | |
Area | 341,100 km2 (131,700 sq mi) |
Country | India |
States | |
Coordinates | 19°12′N 80°30′E / 19.200°N 80.500°E |
Conservation | |
Conservation status | Critical/endangered[1] |
Protected | 3.97% |
The Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests, presently known as East Deccan moist deciduous forests,[2] is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion in east-central India. The ecoregion covers an area of 341,100 square kilometers (131,700 sq mi), extending across portions of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, and Telangana states.
Setting
The Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests extend from the Bay of Bengal coast in northern Andhra Pradesh and southern Orissa, across the northern portion of the Eastern Ghats range and the northeastern Deccan Plateau, to the eastern Satpura Range and the upper Narmada River valley.
The forests of the ecoregion are sustained by the moisture-bearing
Flora
The ecoregion's forests are dominated by
From the Western Ghats this includes plants like
From the Eastern Himalayas this includes the peculiar
Several globally threatened plant species are found in this ecoregion, including the two endemic plants Leucas mukerjiana and Phlebophyllum jeyporensis.
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Inside a tropical moist deciduous forest
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Sal trees are common in these forests
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Characteristic yellow-white sal-flowers in winter coincides with leaffall
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Terminalia, and especiallyasna trees(Indian laurel), are also common.
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Bamboo, especiallycalcutta bamboo, is prominent in many parts of this ecoregion
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Plants in common with the Western Ghats includes several types of lianas (Joint Fir).
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Plants in common with the Eastern Himalayas spans a wide range of species (Indian pepper tree)
Fauna
The ecoregion still harbours large intact areas of tropical moist deciduous forest and is an important refuge for healthy populations of most of the original large
The only
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Sloth bears are here
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Indian bison (gaur) is present in parts of this ecoregion
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Several kinds of antilope and deer species live in this ecoregion (Chousingha)
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Pallas's fish-eagle, a globally threatened species, is living here
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Green avadavat, a globally threatened species, has found a refuge in this ecoregion
Conservation
Approximately 25% of the original habitat remains, much of it in blocks of 5000 km2 or larger. 31 protected areas, totaling 13,540 km2, preserve about 4% of the ecoregion's intact habitat. The largest protected area in the ecoregion is Simlipal National Park in Odisha state.[3]
- Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh (550 km2)
- Badalkhol Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh (120 km2)
- Baisipalli Wildlife Sanctuary, Odisha (170 km2)
- Balimela Wildlife Sanctuary, Odisha (130 km2)
- Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh (240 km2)
- Bhairamgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh (160 km2)
- Bori Wildlife Sanctuary, Hoshangabad district, Madhya Pradesh (460 km2)
- Eturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary, Warangal district, Telangana (120 km2)
- Hadgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Odisha (140 km2)
- Indravati National Park, Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh (1,150 km2)
- Kambalakonda Wildlife Sanctuary, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh (70 km2)
- Kanha National Park, Mandla and Balaghat districts, Madhya Pradesh (900 km2)
- Karlapat Wildlife Sanctuary, Odisha (150 km2)
- Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary, Adilabad district, Telangana (1,080 km2)
- Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary, Khammam district, Telangana (290 km2)
- Kolleru Wildlife Sanctuary (480 km2, partially in the Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forestsecoregion).
- Kondakameru Wildlife Sanctuary, Odisha (400 km2)
- Kotgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Odisha (400 km2)
- Lakhari Valley Wildlife Sanctuary, Ganjam district, Odisha (180 km2)
- Lanjamadugu Wildlife Sanctuary, Karimnagar district, Telangana (80 km2)
- Mahuadaur Wildlife Sanctuary, Jharkhand (60 km2)
- Pachmarhi Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh (500 km2)
- Pakhal Wildlife Sanctuary, Warangal district, Telangana (120 km2)
- Pamed Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh (60 km2)
- Papikonda Wildlife Sanctuary, East and West Godavari districts, Andhra Pradesh (530 km2)
- Phen Wildlife Sanctuary, Mandla district, Madhya Pradesh (100 km2)
- Pranahita Wildlife Sanctuary, Adilabad district, Telangana (130 km2)
- Satkosia Gorge Wildlife Sanctuary, Odisha (790 km2)
- Satpura National Park, Madhya Pradesh (490 km2)
- Simlipal National Park, Mayurbhanj district, Odisha (2,550 km2))
- Sitanadi Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh (670 km2)
- Udanti Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh (340 km2)
See also
References
- ^ "Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
- PMID 28608869.
- Washington, DC. pp. 306-308
External links
- "Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
- "Ecoregions 2017". Resolve.
Geographical ecoregion maps and basic info.