Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
| Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows | |
|---|---|
 Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows in the Barun Valley of Nepal | |
 Ecoregion territory (in purple) | |
| Ecology | |
| Biome | Montane grasslands and shrublands |
| Borders | List
|
| Bird species | 496[1] |
| Mammal species | 117[1] |
| Geography | |
| Area | 121,200 km2 (46,800 sq mi) |
| Countries | |
| Conservation | |
| Habitat loss | 9.2095%[1] |
| Protected | 32.9%[1] |
The Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows is a
Setting
The Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows covers an area of 121,300 square kilometres (46,800 sq mi), extending along the north and south faces of the Himalaya Range from the Kali Gandaki Gorge in central Nepal eastwards through Tibet and India's Sikkim state, Bhutan, India's Arunachal Pradesh state, and northernmost Myanmar.
The alpine shrub and meadows lie between approximately 4,000 and 5,500 metres (13,100 and 18,000 ft) elevation. Permanent ice and snow lies above 5,500 metres (18,000 ft). The Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests lie below 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) along the southern slopes of the range, from Central Nepal to Bhutan. The Northeastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests lie south of the range in Arunachal Pradesh, extending north of the range into the lower valley of the Brahmaputra River and its tributaries. The Northern Triangle temperate forests lie to the south of the alpine shrub and meadows in northern Myanmar, and the Nujiang Lancang Gorge alpine conifer and mixed forests lie to the east in the gorges of the upper Irrawaddy and Salween rivers.
The Yarlung Tsangpo arid steppe lies in the upper Brahmaputra Valley of Tibet, north of the Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows.
Flora
Alpine shrublands, characterized by
Above the shrublands are alpine meadows which support a variety of herbaceous plants, including species of Alchemilla, Androsace, Anemone, Diapensia, Draba, Gentiana, Impatiens, Leontopodium, Meconopsis, Pedicularis, Potentilla, Primula, Rhododendron, Saussurea, Saxifraga, Sedum, and Viola. In the spring and summer, the alpine meadows are covered with brightly colored flowers.
On the upper slopes, low grasses and cushion plants grow among the boulders and scree.
Fauna
Large mammals include the
Conservation
Several protected areas lie within or partly within the ecoregion, including:
- Valley of Flowers National Park, India
- Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal
- Bumdeling Wildlife Sanctuary, Bhutan
- Dihang-Dibang Biosphere Reserve, India
- Dongjiu Nature Reserve, China
- Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park, Bhutan
- Jigme Dorji National Park, Bhutan
- Langtang National Park, Nepal
- Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal
- Motuo Nature Reserve, China
- Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary, Bhutan
- Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal
- Thrumshingla National Park, Bhutan
- Torsa Strict Nature Reserve, Bhutan
- Walong National Park, India
- Nanda Devi National Park, India
See also
References
- ^ a b c d
Hoekstra, J. M.; Molnar, J. L.; Jennings, M.; Revenga, C.; Spalding, M. D.; Boucher, T. M.; Robertson, J. C.; Heibel, T. J.; Ellison, K. (2010). Molnar, J. L. (ed.). The Atlas of Global Conservation: Changes, Challenges, and Opportunities to Make a Difference. ISBN 978-0-520-26256-0.
External links
- "Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
- WWF: Map of ecoregions in Nepal and China, showing the Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
- World Wildlife Fund, ed. (2001). "Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows". WildWorld Ecoregion Profile. National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 2010-03-08.