Echinacea paradoxa

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Echinacea paradoxa

Vulnerable  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Echinacea
Species:
E. paradoxa
Binomial name
Echinacea paradoxa
Synonyms[1]
  • Brauneria paradoxa Norton
  • Echinacea atrorubens var. paradoxa (Norton) Cronquist
  • Echinacea atrorubens var. neglecta (McGregor) Binns, B.R.Baum & Arnason, syn of var. neglecta

Echinacea paradoxa, the yellow coneflower,[2] Bush's purple coneflower,[3] or Ozark coneflower,[4] is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to southern Missouri, Arkansas, and south-central Oklahoma, It is listed as threatened in Arkansas.[3][5]

Description

Echinacea paradoxa is a

lanceolate, and the stem leaves are 4–35 cm (2–14 in) long and linear to narrowly elliptic or narrowly lanceolate.[6]

One plant can produce several

disk florets.[5][7][8][9] Each flower head is about 5–6 cm (2–2.5 in) across. The central head is dome-shaped and dark reddish brown to nearly black. It is prickly to the touch.[4] It blooms in May and June.[6]

Taxonomy

Varieties[1][5]
  • Echinacea paradoxa var. paradoxa - yellow rays - Arkansas and Missouri - yellow coneflower or Ozark coneflower[4]
  • Echinacea paradoxa var.neglecta - pink or white rays Oklahoma and Texas - Bush's purple coneflower[4]

Echinacea paradoxa var. paradoxa has a baseline chromosome number of x = 11, like most Echinacea plants.[10]

Distribution and habitat

Echinacea paradoxa var. paradoxa, or yellow coneflower, is

endemic to the Ozarks of Missouri and Arkansas. It is listed as imperiled in Arkansas.[11]

Echinacea paradoxa var. neglecta, or Bush's purple coneflower, is currently only known to exist in the wild in the

extirpated in Texas.[12]

Habitats include partially sunny to sunny savannas, glades, limestone outcroppings, barrens, open hillsides, and bald knobs.

Gallery

  • Illustration
    Illustration
  • Flower
    Flower
  • Flower from above
    Flower from above
  • Flower and a bee
    Flower and a bee
  • Flower closeup with a bee
    Flower closeup with a bee

References

  1. ^ a b "Echinacea paradoxa Britton". www.worldfloraonline.org.
  2. ^ "Echinacea paradoxa - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org.
  3. ^ a b Echinacea paradoxa United States Department of Agriculture plants profile
  4. ^ a b c d "Ozark Coneflower (Echinacea paradoxa paradoxa)". www.illinoiswildflowers.info.
  5. ^ a b c Flora of North America, Echinacea paradoxa (Norton) Britton
  6. ^ a b "Echinacea paradoxa page". www.missouriplants.com.
  7. ^ Britton, Nathaniel Lord & Brown, Addison 1913. illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions : from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian 3: 476 description in English plus lline drawing
  8. ^ Norton, John Bitting Smith 1902. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 12(4): 40–41 description and commentary in English, as Brauneria paradoxa
  9. ^ Norton, John Bitting Smith 1902. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 12(4): plate VIII (8) line drawing of Echinacea paradoxa as Brauneria paradoxa
  10. ^ Smith, E. B., P. E. Hyatt, and K. Golden. 1992. Documented chromosome numbers 1992: 1. Chromosome numbers of some Arkansas flowering plants. Sida 15:145–146.
  11. ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org.
  12. ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org.
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