Eczema vaccinatum

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Eczema vaccinatum
Infectious disease

Eczema vaccinatum is a rare severe

smallpox vaccination
.

It is characterized by serious local or disseminated, umbilicated, vesicular, crusting

scarring
(pockmarks).

Smallpox vaccine should not be given to patients with a history of eczema. [

herpes zoster
) also have an increased risk of contracting eczema vaccinatum and should not be vaccinated against smallpox.

Presentation

Associations

Eczema is also associated with increased complications related to other vesiculating viruses such as chickenpox; this is called eczema herpeticum.[citation needed]

Diagnosis

A culture of vesicular fluid will grow

epidermal cells with intranuclear inclusions.[citation needed
]

Treatment

Eczema vaccinatum is a serious medical condition that requires immediate and

analgesics, skin healing, etc.; vaccinia immune globulin (VIG) could be very useful but supplies may be deficient as of 2006. Antiviral drugs have been examined for activity in pox viruses and cidofovir is believed to display potential in this area.[1][2]

Recent cases

In March 2007, a two-year-old Indiana boy and his mother contracted the life-threatening vaccinia infection from his father who was vaccinated against smallpox as part of the standard vaccination protocol for individuals serving in the US armed forces beginning in 2002. The child developed the pathognomonic rash which typifies eczema vaccinatum over 80 percent of his body surface area. The boy has a history of eczema, which is a known risk factor for vaccinia infection.[3]

See also

  • List of cutaneous conditions

References

  1. ^ CDC guidance
  2. ^ WHO
  3. ^ Schwartz, John (2007-05-18). "Soldier's Smallpox Inoculation Sickens Son". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-05-18.

External links


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