Edie Sedgwick
Edie Sedgwick | |
---|---|
Born | Edith Minturn Sedgwick April 20, 1943 Santa Barbara, California, U.S. |
Died | November 16, 1971 Santa Barbara, California, U.S. | (aged 28)
Resting place | Oak Hill Cemetery |
Other names | Edith Sedgwick Post |
Education | Radcliffe College |
Occupations |
|
Years active | 1965–1971 |
Spouse |
Michael Post (m. 1971) |
Relatives | Sedgwick family (paternal), Henry deForest (maternal grandfather) |
Signature | |
Edith Minturn Sedgwick Post (April 20, 1943 – November 16, 1971) was an American
Sedgwick broke with Warhol in 1966 and attempted to forge an independent acting career. However, her mental health deteriorated from
Early life and education
Edie Sedgwick was born in
Despite the family's wealth and high social status, Sedgwick's early life was troubled.[8] Initially schooled at home and cared for by nannies, the Sedgwick children were rigidly controlled by their parents. Being raised on their father's California ranches, they were largely isolated from the outside world and were instilled with the idea that they were superior to most of their peers. It was within these familial and social conditions that Sedgwick by her early teens developed an eating disorder, settling into an early pattern of binging and purging. At age 13 (the year her grandfather Henry Dwight Sedgwick died), she began boarding at the Branson School near San Francisco. According to her older sister Alice "Saucie" Sedgwick, she was soon taken out of the school because of her eating disorder. Her father severely restricted her freedom when she returned home.
All the Sedgwick children had conflicted relationships with their father (whom they called "Fuzzy"). By most accounts, he was
In 1958, Sedgwick's parents enrolled her at
In the autumn of 1963, Sedgwick moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts, and began studying sculpture with her cousin, artist Lily Saarinen. According to Saarinen, Sedgwick "was very insecure about men, though all the men loved her."[12][13] During this period, she partied with members of an elite bohemian fringe of the Harvard social scene.
Sedgwick was deeply affected by the loss of her older brothers, Francis Jr. (known as "Minty") and Robert (known as "Bobby"), who died within eighteen months of each other. Francis, who had a particularly unhappy relationship with their father, suffered several
The Factory
On her twenty-first birthday in April 1964, Sedgwick received an $80,000
The first of these films, Poor Little Rich Girl (1965), was originally conceived as part of a series of films featuring Sedgwick called The Poor Little Rich Girl Saga. The series was to include Poor Little Rich Girl, Restaurant, Face and Afternoon. Filming of Poor Little Rich Girl began in March 1965 in Sedgwick's apartment; it depicted her going about her daily routines. Her next film for Warhol was Kitchen, which was filmed in May 1965 but not released until 1966. Written by Factory scriptwriter Ronald Tavel, the film stars Sedgwick, Rene Ricard, Roger Trudeau, Donald Lyons and Elecktrah. After Kitchen, Chuck Wein replaced Tavel as a writer and assistant director for the filming of Beauty No. 2 (1965), which was filmed in June and premiered in July 1965. The film shows Sedgwick lounging on a bed in her underwear with Gino Piserchio and being taunted by Wein off-screen.[1]
Warhol's films were for the most part shown only in underground film theaters and in viewings held at The Factory, and were not commercially successful. Regardless, Sedgwick began receiving attention from the mainstream media, who reported on her appearances in the films and on her personal style. During this period, she developed a distinct look including black leotards, mini dresses, large chandelier earrings and heavy eye make-up. Sedgwick also cut her naturally brown hair short and dyed it with silver spray, thus matching her look with Warhol's, who was known for wearing silvery hair pieces. Warhol dubbed Sedgwick his "Superstar", and they began appearing together at various public events.
Sedgwick and Warhol continued making films together —Outer and Inner Space, Prison, Lupe and Chelsea Girls— throughout 1965. The edited footage of Sedgwick in Chelsea Girls would eventually become the film Afternoon. Their relationship deteriorated by late 1965, however, and Sedgwick demanded that Warhol stop showing her films. Lupe is often thought to be Sedgwick's last Warhol film, but she filmed The Andy Warhol Story with Rene Ricard in November 1966, almost a year after finishing Lupe. The Andy Warhol Story was an unreleased film that was only screened once at The Factory. Along with Sedgwick, the film featured Ricard satirically pretending to be Warhol.
Post-Factory years
Following her estrangement from Warhol's inner circle, Sedgwick began living at the Chelsea Hotel, where she became close to Bob Dylan. Dylan and his friends eventually convinced Sedgwick to sign up with Albert Grossman, Dylan's manager. According to Paul Morrissey, Sedgwick had developed a crush on Dylan that she thought he reciprocated. She was also under the impression that she and Dylan would star in a mainstream film together. Unbeknownst to Sedgwick, however, Dylan had secretly married his girlfriend Sara Lownds in November 1965. Morrissey claimed that Sedgwick was informed of the marriage by Warhol (who reportedly heard about it through his lawyer) in February 1966. Friends of Sedgwick's later said that she saw the supposed offer of doing a film with Dylan as a ticket to a mainstream film career. Morrissey claimed that Dylan likely never had plans to star in a film with Sedgwick and "hadn't been very truthful."[14]
Since Sedgwick's death, Dylan has routinely denied that he ever had a romantic relationship with her but did acknowledge knowing her. In December 2006, several weeks before the release of the controversial film
In 1966, Sedgwick was named one of the "fashion revolutionaries" in New York by
Later years
After breaking with Warhol, Sedgwick attempted to forge a legitimate acting career. She auditioned for Norman Mailer when the stage adaptation of his novel The Deer Park was being produced. But Mailer "turned her down....—She was very good in a sort of tortured and wholly sensitive way—...She used so much of herself with every line that we knew she'd be immolated after three performances."[19]
In March 1967, Sedgwick began what may have seemed propitious but in fact began her torturous and final decline: the shooting of Ciao! Manhattan, a semi-autobiographical underground film co-directed by John Palmer and David Weisman. During this, Sedgwick accidentally set her room on fire in the Chelsea Hotel and was briefly hospitalized with burns. Due to her rapidly deteriorating health from drug use, the film was suspended. After further hospitalizations for drug abuse and mental issues in 1968 and 1969, Sedgwick returned to her family's ranch in California to recuperate. In August 1969, she was hospitalized again in the psychiatric ward of the Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital after being arrested for drug offenses by local police. While in the hospital, Sedgwick met another patient, Michael Post, whom she would marry in July 1971.[20]
Sedgwick was hospitalized again in the summer of 1970 but was let out under the supervision of a psychiatrist, two nurses and the live-in care of filmmaker John Palmer and his wife Janet. Determined to finish Ciao! Manhattan and have her story told, Sedgwick reconnected with the film crew and began shooting in Arcadia and Santa Barbara in late 1970. She also recorded audio tapes reflecting on her life story, accounts Weisman and Palmer incorporated into the film's dramatic arc. Filming completed in early 1971, and the film was released in February 1972.
Marriage and death
Sedgwick married Post on July 24, 1971 during a period where she had achieved sobriety. However, in October 1971, Sedgwick relapsed after taking prescription pain medication given to her for a physical illness, which in turn led to abusing barbiturates and alcohol.[citation needed]
On the night of November 15, 1971, Sedgwick went to a fashion show at the Santa Barbara Museum that included a segment filmed for the television show An American Family.[21] After the show, she attended a party where she drank alcohol. She then phoned her husband to pick her up. On the way home, Sedgwick expressed thoughts of uncertainty about their marriage.[22] Before they both fell asleep, Post gave Sedgwick medication that had been prescribed for her. According to Post, Sedgwick started to fall asleep very quickly and her breathing was "bad – it sounded like there was a big hole in her lungs" but he attributed it to her heavy smoking habit and went to sleep.[23]
When Post awoke the following morning at 7:30 a.m., he found Sedgwick dead. The coroner ruled her death as "undetermined/ accident/suicide". Her
Sedgwick was not buried in her family's Sedgwick Pie cemetery plot but in the small Oak Hill Cemetery in Ballard, California. Her epitaph reads "Edith Sedgwick Post – Wife of Michael Brett Post 1943–1971".[25]
In popular culture
This section contains a list of miscellaneous information. (July 2023) |
Music
Sedgwick inspired a number of songs.
- Bob Dylan's "Fourth Time Around" from his 1966 album Blonde on Blonde are reportedly about Sedgwick,[26] as was his 1965 No. 2 single "Like a Rolling Stone".[27]
- The Velvet Underground's "Femme Fatale" from their 1967 album The Velvet Underground & Nico was written about Sedgwick.[28]
- Sedgwick appears on the cover of Dramarama's 1985 debut album Cinéma Vérité. The music video for the album's first single "Anything, Anything (I'll Give You)" features clips of her in Ciao! Manhattan.
- The lyrics of the 1986 Primal Scream song "Velocity Girl" were inspired by Sedgwick.[29]
- In 1985, Dream Academy released a 7" single "The Love Parade" in the US with the b-side "Girl In A Million (For Edie Sedgwick)" on Reprise Records.
- The second track from the Edie Brickell & New Bohemians' 1988 album Shooting Rubberbands at the Stars is titled "Little Miss S." and is about Sedgwick.[30]
- Edie Sedgwick is a Gothic Rock song by the band James Ray And The Performance. It is the fifth track on their 1989 album A New Kind Of Assassin. It was produced through Merciful Release, the label created by Andrew Eldritch, frontman for the band, The Sisters of Mercy.[31]
- "Edie (Ciao Baby)" is a hard rock song by English band The Cult. It appeared on their fourth studio album Sonic Templein 1989. The cover of the single features a photograph from Ciao! Manhattan.
- The 7th song on Tal Cohen-Shalev's 2009 Heartaches and Ashes is dedicated to Sedgwick and called "Factory Girl (Song for Edie Sedgwick)".[32]
- Alizée's 2010 album Une Enfant Du Siècle was inspired by and depicts Sedgwick's life.[33]
- On the 2010 album 13 Most Beautiful: Songs for Andy Warhol's Screen Tests by Dean & Britta, the fifth track, "It Don't Rain in Beverly Hills", was written to accompany Warhol's screen test for Sedgwick.[34]
- The Pretty Reckless’ song "Factory Girl" on their 2010 debut album Light Me Up is based on Edie Sedgwick and her life in the factory. In 2009 lead singer Taylor Momsen said “Edie Sedgwick had a cool style; she pushed the envelope for the time.“[35]
- Lady Gaga's "Applause" and "Marry the Night" music videos include references to Edie Sedgwick and the film Ciao! Manhattan.[36]
- Rapper G-Eazy's 2014 song "Downtown Love" is based on Sedgwick's life story.[37]
- Beach House's 2018 album, 7, was inspired by Sedgwick's life and icon status, in particular its penultimate track "Girl of the Year."[38][39]
- The band Deadbolt released the Sedgwick-inspired song "Edie" on its 1992 debut EP, Creepy World.
Other
- Sedgwick popularized the mini-skirt by purchasing children's skirts and wearing them as her own.[40]
- The previously niche phrase "Superstar" was popularized and became a mainstream term because of Sedgwick being dubbed one by Andy Warhol and the increased mainstream media attention the pair received. Sedgwick can be seen defining the term on the Merv Griffin Show, indicating that the word was not a staple in the general public's vocabulary before her appearance on the show.[41]
- Warren Beatty bought the rights to Sedgwick's life story in the 1980s and was planning to make a movie, initially with Molly Ringwald then with Jennifer Jason Leigh starring as Sedgwick.[42] Al Pacino was tapped to play Andy Warhol. It was also reported that a film titled The War at Home was to be loosely based on her life during The Factory years, with Linda Fiorentino slated to portray her. It was to be based on John Byrum's fictionalized account of a working-class man who becomes enamored of her. Neither was ever produced.[43]
- Actress and model Jennifer Rubin played Sedgwick in the 1991 film The Doors, directed by Oliver Stone.
- The Escape Artist is a 1994 novel by a Madrid-based writer, Jonathan Holland. The villain of the novel is a character called Marc, about whom it is said: "He'd spent most of his teens working with Andy Warhol and Paul Morrissey, and he'd slept with someone called Edie Sedgwick: apparently Jean Shrimpton was not the only beautiful woman in the world with the name of a dinner lady." All of Marc's life-story is false.[44]
- In the 2002 film Igby Goes Down, Amanda Peet's character, Rachel, is described as an "Edie Sedgwick wanna-be" and dresses in Sedgwick-inspired attire throughout the film.[45]
- A 2004 Andy & Edie was written and produced by Peter Braunstein. It ran for 10 days.[46] Misha Moore, who portrayed Sedgwick, claimed to be the late model's niece. At the request of the Sedgwick family, The New York Times published a notice of correction.[47]
- Director Closer instead, which was released in 2004.[48]
- In 2007 film I'm Not There, Michelle Williams's character Coco Rivington is modelled on Sedgwick
- Sienna Miller played Sedgwick in George Hickenlooper's film Factory Girl, a fictionalized account of Sedgwick's life, released in December 2006. The film portrays Warhol, played by Guy Pearce, as a cynic who leads Sedgwick into a downward spiral of drug addiction and psychiatric problems. Hayden Christensen plays "Billy Quinn", an apparent conglomeration of various characters but a look-alike of Bob Dylan. (As of late 2006, Dylan was apparently threatening to pursue a defamation lawsuit, claiming the film implicates him as having driven Sedgwick to her death.) Michael Post, Sedgwick's widower, appears as a taxi driver in one of the last scenes of the film.[49]
Filmography
Year | Title | Role | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1965 | Vinyl | Non-speaking role | |
1965 | Beauty No. 2 | ||
1965 | Space | ||
1965 | Restaurant | Short | |
1965 | Prison[50] | alternative title: Girls in Prison | |
1965 | Kitchen | ||
1965 | Horse | Non-speaking role; first appearance in a Warhol film | |
1965 | Afternoon | ||
1965 | Outer and Inner Space | Short | |
1965 | Bitch | ||
1965 | Screen Test No. 1 | Herself | |
1965 | Screen Test No. 2 | Herself | |
1965 | Poor Little Rich Girl | Poor Little Rich Girl | Credited as Mazda Isphahan |
1965 | Factory Diaries | ||
1966 | Lupe | Lupe Vélez | |
1966 | Face | ||
1967 | Four Stars**** | alternative title: The Four Star Movie; uses footage of Sedgwick from previous Warhol films | |
1967 | The Andy Warhol Story | final film with Warhol | |
1969 | Walden | Herself | alternative title: Diaries, Notes and Sketches |
1972 | Ciao! Manhattan | Susan Superstar | posthumously released |
Bibliography
- Victor Bockris and Gerard Malanga: Uptight: The Velvet Underground Story
- Victor Bockris: Andy Warhol
- Michael Opray: Andy Warhol. Film Factory
- Jean Stein: Edie: American Girl
- Andy Warhol: The Philosophy of Andy Warhol
- Melissa Painter and David Weisman: Edie: Girl on Fire Book and Film
- Steven Watson: Factory Made: Warhol And the Sixties
- Nat Finkelstein and David Dalton: Edie: Factory Girl
- John Sedgwick: In My Blood: Six Generations of Madness and Desire in an American Family
References
- ^ a b c d Watson, Steven (2003), "Factory Made: Warhol and the Sixties" Pantheon Books, pp. 210–217
- ISBN 978-0-313-33910-3.
- ^ "The "It Girls" of Every Decade". Vanity Fair. October 13, 2016.
- ISBN 1-57912-287-6.
- ^ "Francis Minturn "Duke" Sedgwick (1904–1967)". sedgwick.org. Retrieved September 22, 2009.
- ^ New York Times, article "Henry de Forest, Lawyer, dies at 82", May 28, 1937
- ^ Heyman, Stephan (March 23, 2012). "The Haves Who Gave". The New York Times.
- ^ a b Anolik, Lili (December 6, 2017). "Andy Warhol and Edie Sedgwick: A Brief, White-Hot, and Totally Doomed Romance". Vanity Fair. Condé Nast. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
- ISBN 0-394-48819-9.
- ^ "Edie Sedgwick: The It girl who was inspiration to Dylan and Warhol". The Independent. February 5, 2006. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
- ^ Koenig, Rhoda (January 9, 2007). "Edie Sedgwick: The life and death of the Sixties star". The Independent. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
- ^ "Arts & Architecture Collection: Lily Saarinen". Artsandarchitecturecollection.com. Archived from the original on December 15, 2013. Retrieved August 10, 2014.
- ^ Sedgwick, John (January 2007). "Elegy for an It Girl". Boston. Retrieved May 29, 2012.[permanent dead link]
- ISBN 0-394-48819-9.
- ^ Lee, Nathan (January 30, 2007). "Edie Made Easy". The Village Voice.
- ^ Cole, Olivia (January 7, 2007). "Warhol muse lost baby by Dylan". The Times. London, England. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
- ^ "Gone in 15 minutes". The Times. London, England. January 14, 2007. Retrieved May 1, 2010. [dead link]
- ProQuest 1564944345.
- ISBN 0-394-48819-9.
- ^ Milliard, Coline (October 30, 2014). "Movie Producer Sues Warhol Superstar's Widower Over Image Rights". ArtNet News.
- ISBN 0-394-48819-9.
- ISBN 0-394-48819-9.
- ISBN 0-394-48819-9.
- ISBN 0-394-48819-9.
- ISBN 0-394-48819-9.
- ISBN 0-8230-7974-0.
- ISBN 1-56025-915-9.
- ISBN 0-684-80366-6.
Andy said I should write a song about Edie Sedgwick. I said 'Like what?' and he said 'Oh, don't you think she's a femme fatale, Lou?' So I wrote 'Femme Fatale' and we gave it to Nico. (Lou Reed)
- ^ "Primal Scream to Re-Issue 'Velocity Girl'". April 18, 2019.
- ^ "'Factory Girl' mythology". February 8, 2007.
- ^ "James Ray And The Performance – A New Kind Of Assassin (1989, CD)". Discogs. 1989.
- ^ "Factory Girl (song for Edie Sedgwick), by Tal Cohen-Shalev". Tal Cohen-Shalev.
- ^ Alizée
- ^ Keith, Kelsey (July 31, 2009), "Exclusive: Pop Duo Dean & Britta Sing Along with The Factory", Flavorwire,
The song we did for Edie Sedgwick — "It Don't Rain in Beverly Hills" — the lyrics were written by our artist friend, Jack Early, and had nothing to do with Edie, but worked so well for her tragic life.
- ^ "Taylor Momsen Tries to Dress Like Edie Sedgwick". The Cut. January 6, 2009. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
- ^ Lady Gaga (August 20, 2013). "Applause is back at #1 on the worldwide charts! & we're just getting started. Back to rehearsal *pounds boxing gloves+hifives Sedgwick Swan*". Twitter.com.
- ^ Insanally, Karenna (January 16, 2015). "Exclusive: G-Eazy talks Downtown Love | Milk". Milk.xyz. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
- ^ Lin, Summer (May 11, 2018). "Beach House's Victoria Legrand on Eternal Muse Edie Sedgwick". CR Fashion Book. Archived from the original on January 27, 2022. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
- ^ Bassil, Ryan (May 1, 2018). "The Enduring Brilliance of Beach House". Vice. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
- ^ "2. Love (Prime)". THE PHILOSOPHY OF ANDY WARHOL. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
- ^ "Andy Warhol & Edie Sedgwick Interview (Merv Griffin Show 1965)". Retrieved January 9, 2021 – via YouTube.
- ^ Hutchings, David (March 24, 1986). "Molly Ringwald Goes to the Head of the Teen Class with Pretty in Pink, but She'd Rather Play Grown-Up". People. Retrieved February 21, 2014.
- ^ Hruska, Bronwen (October 8, 1995). "Ever Hopeful Davis". The San Francisco Chronicle.[permanent dead link]
- ISBN 0-571-17101-X.
- ^ Bernard, Sarah (December 12, 2003). "She'll Take Manhattan". premiere.com.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "offoffonline – off-off-Broadway reviews, listings, and more". Archived from the original on October 27, 2004.
- ^ "Corrections". The New York Times. December 20, 2006.
- ^ Stein, Joel (November 29, 2004). "Movies: A Fantasy You Can Bring Home to Mother". Time. Archived from the original on March 6, 2008. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
- ^ "Miller denies Dylan 'defamation'". BBC News. December 31, 2006. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
- ^ Kern, Lauren (May 3, 2004), "Andy's Baby: A Warhol screen-test subject watches her celluloid debut for the first time.", New York Magazine