Edmund Beecher Wilson

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Edmund Beecher Wilson
cytology
InstitutionsWilliams College
MIT
Bryn Mawr College
Columbia University
Image from his textbook The Cell in Development and Inheritance, second edition, 1900

Edmund Beecher Wilson (October 19, 1856 – March 3, 1939)

zoologist and geneticist. He wrote one of the most influential textbooks in modern biology, The Cell.[4][5] He discovered the chromosomal XY sex-determination system in 1905—that human males have XY and females XX sex chromosomes. Nettie Stevens independently made the same discovery the same year and published shortly thereafter.[6]

Career

Wilson was born in Geneva, Illinois, the son of Isaac G. Wilson, a judge, and his wife, Carioline Clark.[7]

He graduated from

Ph.D. in biology at Johns Hopkins
in 1881.

He was a lecturer at Williams College in 1883–84 and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1884–85. He served as professor of biology at Bryn Mawr College from 1885 to 1891.

In 1888, he was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society.[8]

He spent the balance of his career at Columbia University where he was successively adjunct professor of biology (1891–94), professor of invertebrate zoology (1894–1897), and professor of zoology (from 1897).

Wilson is credited as America's first

molluscs, flatworms and annelids he concluded that the same organs came from the same group of cells and concluded that all these organisms must have a common ancestor. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1902.[9]

In 1907, he described, for the first time, the additional or supernumerary chromosomes, now called B-chromosomes. The same year he became a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.[10]

Wilson published many papers on embryology, and served as president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1913.

For his volume, The Cell in Development and Inheritance, Wilson was awarded the

E. B. Wilson Medal in his honor.[12]

Sutton and Boveri

In 1902 and 1903

Sutton-Boveri Theory
".

Between 1902 and 1904

Theodor Heinrich Boveri (1862–1915), a German biologist, made several contributions to chromosome theory in a series of papers, finally stating in 1904 that he had seen the link between chromosomes and Mendel's results in 1902 (although this is not documented in his publications).[14]
He said that chromosomes were "independent entities which retain their independence even in the resting nucleus... What comes out of the nucleus is what goes into it".

Works

References

  1. S2CID 161395714
    .
  2. ISBN 978-0-902198-84-5. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2019-07-16.
  3. ^ "Edmund Beecher Wilson | American biologist | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-11-20.
  4. ^ Wilson E.B. 1896; 1900; 1925. The Cell in Development and Inheritance. Macmillan. The third edition ran to 1232 pages, and was still in use after World War II.
  5. ^ Sturtevant A.H. 1965. A history of genetics. Harper & Row, New York, p. 33
  6. S2CID 1919033
    .
  7. ISBN 978-0-902198-84-5. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2019-07-16.
  8. ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
  9. ^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter W" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 10 April 2011.
  10. ^ "Edm. B. Wilson (1856–1939)". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  11. ^ "Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal". National Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 1 August 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  12. ^ E. B. Wilson award page at ASCB.org
  13. JSTOR 1535510
    .
  14. ^ Boveri T. 1904. Ergebnisse uber die Konstitution der chromatischen Substanz des Zellkerns. Fischer, Jena.
  15. ^ "Sedgwick and Wilson's Biology". Science. IX (206): 43–44. January 14, 1887.

Bibliography

External links

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