Edward Codrington
Sir Edward Codrington | |
---|---|
Born | Dodington, England | 27 April 1770
Died | 28 April 1851 London, England | (aged 81)
Allegiance | United Kingdom/British Empire |
Service/ | Royal Navy |
Rank | Admiral |
Commands held | Portsmouth Command Mediterranean Fleet HMS Orion HMS Druid HMS Babet |
Battles/wars | French Revolutionary Wars |
Awards | Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath Order of St. George, 2nd Class (Russia) |
Relations | General Sir William Codrington (son) Admiral of the Fleet Sir Henry Codrington (son) |
Signature |
Sir Edward Codrington,
Early life and career
The youngest of three brothers born to Edward Codrington the elder (1732–1775) and Rebecca Lestourgeon (Sturgeon) (1736–1770), Codrington came from a long military tradition. Edward the elder was the youngest son of William Codrington, 1st Baronet. Their aristocratic, landowning family, was descended from John Codrington, reputed to be standard-bearer to
As a reward for his actions at the battle, on 7 October 1794 he was promoted to
Following this, Codrington spent a period largely on land and on half-pay for some years. In December 1802 he married Jane Hall, an English woman from
In 1797, Edward Codrington, his brother William John and sister Caroline jointly inherited their uncle Christopher Bethell's residuary estates, including a slave plantation in Antigua.[6]
Service in the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812
On the renewal of hostilities with France he remained in
For the next several years, Codrington fought alongside the Spanish against the French in the Mediterranean Sea, commanding a squadron that harried French shipping and made numerous coastal raids. During this time also participated in the disastrous
The two months of May and June in 1811 were to prove his most testing time while stationed on Spain's eastern seaboard. He went to great lengths to help the Spanish
Codrington was promoted to the rank of
In December 1826 Codrington was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet and sailed on 1 February 1827. From that date until his recall on 21 June 1828 he was engaged in the arduous duties imposed on him by the Greek War of Independence, which had led to anarchy in occupied Greece[9] and surrounding areas. His orders were to enforce a peaceful solution on the situation in Greece, but Codrington was not known for his diplomacy, and on 20 October 1827 he destroyed the Turkish and Egyptian fleet at the Battle of Navarino while in command of a combined British, French and Russian fleet.[3]
After the battle Codrington went to Malta to refit his ships. He remained there till May 1828, when he sailed to join his French and Russian colleagues on the coast of the Morea. They endeavoured to enforce the evacuation of the peninsula by Ibrahim Pasha peacefully. The Pasha made diplomatic difficulties, which came in the form of continuous genocide against the Greeks of Morea who were to be replaced with Muslims from Africa, and on 25 July the three admirals agreed that Codrington should go to Alexandria to obtain Ibrahim's recall by his father Mehemet Ali. Codrington had heard on 22 June of his own supersession, but, as his successor had not arrived, he carried out the arrangement made on 25 July, and his presence at Alexandria led to the treaty of the 6 August 1828, by which the evacuation of the Morea was settled. His services were recognised by the grant of the Grand Cross of the Bath, but there is no doubt that the British government was embarrassed by his heavy-handed gunboat diplomacy and not too impressed by the further weakening of Russia's main opponent, the Ottomans.[3]
Later years
After his return home, Codrington spent some time in defending himself, and then in leisure abroad. He commanded a training squadron in the Channel in 1831 and became a full admiral on 10 January 1837. He was elected Member of Parliament for
On 5 October 1835, under the terms of the Slavery Abolition Act of 1833, Codrington was awarded government compensation of £2588 6s 6d for the 190 slaves he had owned at the Rooms plantation on Antigua, and who had been freed under the terms of the act.[10][11]
Codrington died in London on 28 April 1851. He left two sons, both of whom achieved distinction in the British armed forces. Sir William Codrington (1804–1884) was a commander in the Crimean War. Sir Henry Codrington (1808–1877), a naval officer, became an Admiral of the Fleet.
A third son, Edward Codrington, was a midshipman aboard Cambrian when he died sometime in 1821 or 1822 in the Mediterranean. He had been taking a cutter to Hydra when a squall overturned the boat, drowning him, a merchant, and three crewmen.[12]
Codrington was buried in St Peter's Church, Eaton Square, but in 1954 the remains were reburied at Brookwood Cemetery in Surrey, plot number 70. Plaques to his memory can be found in St Paul's Cathedral[13] and All Saints Church, Dodington, close to the family home,[14] and there is a large obelisk dedicated to the memory of him and the other officers at Navarino at Pylos in Greece.
Numerous roads are named after him in Greece[15] and stamps with his figure have been issued. At least three pubs; one in south-west London[16] and two now-closed pubs in Coventry[17] and south-east London[18] are named after him.
In June 2020, a plaque in Brighton commemorating Codrington was removed following protest over the commemoration of a slave owner as part of the George Floyd protests.[19]
Notes
- ^ Burke, John (1832). A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire, Vol. 1 (4th ed.). London: H. Colburn and R. Bentley. p. 270. Retrieved 3 June 2018.
- ^ "Adm. Sir Edward Codrington, GCB, RN". Geni.com. Retrieved 3 June 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f Hannay 1911.
- ^ a b Harrison, Simon. "Sir Edward Codrington". Threedecks. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
- ^ "Druid". Michael Phillips' Ships of the Old Navy. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
- ^ "Summary of Individual | Legacies of British Slave-ownership". www.ucl.ac.uk. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
- ^ memoir of Sir Edward Codrington page 211
- ^ "Library and Archive Catalogue". Royal Society. Retrieved 23 December 2010.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Battle of Navarino
- ^ "Details of Claim | Legacies of British Slave-ownership". www.ucl.ac.uk. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
- ^ "Summary of Individual | Legacies of British Slave-ownership". www.ucl.ac.uk. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
- ^ Marshall 1823, Vol. 1, Part 2, pp. 875–876.
- Sinclair, W.p. 455: London; Chapman & Hall, Ltd; 1909.
- ^ "Codrington, Edward". Maritime Memorials. National Maritime Museum. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2009.
- ^ Οι δρόμοι Κοδριγκτώνος, Δεριγνύ και Χέυδεν και η ιστορία τους – αποψεις , τριανταφύλλου (in Greek). Archived from the original on 3 March 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
- ^ "Admiral Codrington, Chelsea". whatpub. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
- ^ "Admiral Codrington, Coventry, another closed pub". closedpubs.co.uk. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
- ^ "Admiral Codrington, Camberwell another closed pub". closedpubs.co.uk. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
- ^ "Plaque to slave-owning Admiral is taken down". The Argus. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
References
- Bourchier, Lady Jane (1872). Memoir of the life of Admiral Sir Edward Codrington. With selections from his public & private correspondence. Edited by his daughter Lady Bourchier. London: Longmans Green. OCLC 557819059.
- Marshall, John (1823). . Royal Naval Biography. Vol. 1, part 2. London: Longman and company. pp. 635–639.
Attribution:
- public domain: Hannay, David (1911). "Codrington, Sir Edward". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 636. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
Further reading
- The Trafalgar Captains (2005) – Colin White and the 1805 Club, Chatham Publishing, London ISBN 1-86176-247-X