Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham

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For other people with the same name, see Edward Stafford (disambiguation).

Edward Stafford
Lady Katherine Woodville
Arms of Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, KG
Cap of Maintenance. Detail from The Procession of Parliament 1512, Library of Trinity College, Cambridge
.

Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham

King Henry VIII. He frequently attended the courts of Henry VII and Henry VIII.[1]
He was convicted of treason and executed on 17 May 1521.

Family

Edward Stafford, born 3 February 1478 at

Pierre de Luxembourg, Count of St. Pol) and was thus a nephew of Elizabeth Woodville and King Edward IV.[2]

By his father's marriage to Catherine Woodville, Stafford had a younger brother,

William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke,[3] and secondly George Hastings, 1st Earl of Huntingdon.[4]

After the execution of the 2nd Duke of Buckingham, his widow, Catherine Woodville, married

Bridget Wiltshire, daughter and heiress of Sir John Wiltshire of Stone, Kent.[5]

Career

In October 1483 Stafford's father was central in

Margaret Beaufort, and according to Davies it is likely Buckingham was educated in her various households.[6]

Buckingham was in attendance at court at the elevation of Henry VII's second son, the future

rebellion in Cornwall. [citation needed
]

As a young man, Buckingham played a conspicuous part in royal weddings and the reception of ambassadors and foreign princes, "dazzling observers by his sartorial splendour". At the wedding of Henry VII's eldest son and heir Arthur, Prince of Wales, and Catherine of Aragon in 1501, he is said to have worn a gown worth £1500. He was the chief challenger at the jousting tournament held the following day.[7]

At the accession of

King Henry VIII, Buckingham was appointed on 23 June 1509, for the day of the coronation only, Lord High Constable, an office which he claimed by hereditary right. He also served as Lord High Steward at the coronation and bearer of the crown. In 1509 he was made a member of the King's Privy Council. On 9 July 1510 he had licence to crenellate his manor of Thornbury, Gloucestershire, and according to Davies rebuilt the manor house as "an impressively towered castle" with "huge oriel windows in the living-quarters in the inner court".[8]

In 1510 Buckingham was involved in a scandal concerning his sister,

Anne, who was the wife of George Hastings, 1st Earl of Huntingdon.[9] After hearing rumours concerning her and Sir William Compton, Buckingham found Compton in Anne's room. Compton was forced to take the sacrament to prove that he and Anne had not committed adultery, and Anne's husband sent her away to a convent 60 miles (100 km) from the court. There is no extant evidence establishing that Anne and Sir William Compton were guilty of adultery. In 1523 Compton took the unusual step of bequeathing land to Anne in his will, and directing his executors to include her in the prayers for his kin for which he had made provision in his will.[10] There are some suggestions that the affair continued until 1513. [citation needed] Buckingham returned to the King's graces, being present at the marriage of Henry's sister, served in Parliament and was present at the Field of the Cloth of Gold negotiations with Francis I of France and at negotiations with Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.[citation needed
]

From June to October 1513 Buckingham served as a captain during Henry VIII's invasion of France, commanding 500 men in the "middle ward".[11] About 1517 he was one of 12 challengers chosen to joust against the King and his companions but excused himself on the ground that he feared to run against the King's person. He and his wife, Eleanor, attended the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520.[12]

Although Buckingham was appointed to commissions of the peace in 1514 and charged—together with other

Marcher lords—with responsibility for keeping order in south Wales, particularly along the borderland Welsh Marches, he was rebuked by the King in 1518 for failing to achieve the desired results. Buckingham exercised little direct political influence and was never a member of the King's inner circle.[13]

Buckingham's literary patronage included two translations, a printed translation of Helyas, Knyghte of the Swanne (on the Knight of the Swan), which he commissioned in 1512, and A Lytell Cronicle, a translation of an account of the Near East which he may have commissioned in 1520 in connection with his proposed pilgrimage to Jerusalem.[13]

Betrayal and execution

Buckingham was one of few peers with substantial

Tower Hill on 17 May 1521 and posthumously attainted by Act of Parliament on 31 July 1523, disinheriting most of his wealth from his children.[14]

Some conclude this was one of the few executions of high personages under Henry VIII in which the accused was "almost certainly guilty". However, Sir Thomas More complained that the key evidence was hearsay from servants who, as commoners, were threatened and tortured to extract false confessions.[15]

Marriage and issue

In 1488, Henry VII had suggested a marriage between Buckingham and Anne of Brittany, but in December 1489 the executors of Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, paid the King £4,000 for Buckingham's marriage to Percy's eldest daughter Eleanor (d. 1530). They had a son and three daughters:[16]

Buckingham is also said to have had three[b] illegitimate children:[19]

In fiction

Notes

  1. ^ According to Davies he may have had another brother, Humphrey Stafford, who died young.
  2. ^ Davies names only two illegitimate children, Henry and Margaret.

References

Citations

  1. ISSN 0018-2648
    .
  2. ^ Richardson IV 2011, p. 82.
  3. ^ Harris 2002, p. 145.
  4. ^ Richardson II 2011, p. 374; Richardson IV 2011, p. 82; Davies 2008; Dockray 2004.
  5. ^ Richardson IV 2011, pp. 82–3; Davies 2008.
  6. ^ Cokayne 1912, p. 390; Cokayne 1959, p. 738;Richardson IV 2011, p. 85; Pollard 1898, p. 446; Davies 2004; Davies 2008.
  7. ^ Pollard 1898, p. 446; Davies 2004; Davies 2008.
  8. ^ Cokayne 1912, p. 390; Pollard 1898, p. 446; Davies 2008; Richardson IV 2011, p. 85.
  9. ISBN 978-0-7524-4835-0
    .
  10. ^ Harris 2002, p. 83.
  11. ^ Pollard 1898, p. 446; According to Cokayne, p. 390, Buckingham commanded the right-wing at the siege of Therouanne.
  12. ^ Davies 2008; Richardson IV 2011, p. 85.
  13. ^ a b Davies 2008.
  14. ^ Pollard 1898, p. 447.
  15. ^ John Guy, Tudor England (1988) p. 97.
  16. ^ Davies 2008; Richardson IV 2011, pp. 85–7.
  17. ^ Richardson IV 2011, p. 86.
  18. ^ Richardson II 2011, pp. 415–16.
  19. ^ a b Richardson IV 2011, p. 85.
  20. ^ Richardson I 2011, p. 170.
  21. ^ STAFFORD, Henry (by 1520-55 or later), of Pickering, Yorks, The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1509-1558, ed. S.T. Bindoff, 1982
  22. ^ Davies 2008; Harris 2002, p. 161.
  23. ^ "Henry VIII". The Sydney Morning Herald. 27 March 2004. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  24. ^ "'The Tudors': Showtime's Update of a Monarchy". NPR.org. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  25. ^ "Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham (1478-1521)". Welsh Country Magazine. 29 April 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  26. ^ "The Blanket of the Dark". www.johnbuchansociety.co.uk. The John Buchan Society. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  27. ^ Petski, Denise (17 May 2018). "The Spanish Princess: Charlotte Hope To Star In The White Princess Follow-Up On Starz". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 19 May 2018.

Sources

External links
Political offices
Preceded by Lord High Constable
1504–1521 		Merged in the crown
Peerage of England
Vacant
Forfeit in 1483
Title last held by
Henry Stafford 		Duke of Buckingham
1485–1521 		Forfeit
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