Edward T. Folliard
Edward T. Folliard | |
---|---|
1970 | |
Spouse | Helen Liston Folliard |
Children | Michael Folliard, Nancy O'Mahony |
Edward Thomas Folliard (May 14, 1899 – November 25, 1976) was an American journalist. He spent most of his career at The Washington Post, for which he covered the White House from the presidency of Calvin Coolidge to that of Lyndon B. Johnson.[1] He had friendly relations with both Harry S. Truman and Dwight D. Eisenhower that continued beyond those men's presidencies.
In addition to covering the presidency, Folliard also reported on many major news events such as Charles Lindbergh's transatlantic flight. During World War II, he reported from European battlefronts and POW camps.
He won several awards, including the
Early life and education
He was born in Washington, D.C. His parents had immigrated to the U.S. from Ireland. He grew up in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood and attended public and parochial schools in the District.[1]
Career
He was interested in journalism from an early age. He later said, "The newspaper bug got me and it got me bad. It devoured me!" At the age of 17 he went to work as a
In 1917, he joined the Navy, "made 20 crossings of the Atlantic and survived the wreck of the U.S.S. Piave which sank in the Strait of Dover. He also served as a correspondent for Stars and Stripes before leaving the Navy in 1919."
He began working in 1922 as a reporter for the
He left the Herald for The Washington Post in 1923, doing general assignments as well as reporting on the police, local politics, and national politics.[1] His earliest bylines were on articles about the cinema.[2]
He was fired from the Post in 1932. He returned to the Herald, then went back to the Post in 1934 after the paper's purchase by Eugene Meyer. He remained at the Post until his retirement in 1967, and continuing to contribute occasional articles to the paper thereafter.[1] The Post's online archives contain over 5000 articles under Folliard's byline.[2]
Covering the presidency
He began covering the presidency during the
Folliard was especially close to
Knowing Folliard was a Catholic, President Truman arranged for him to receive a rosary blessed by the Pope. "Well, here's a man, lord, with all of his concerns, in fact, with the fate of the world at stake, remembering something like that," Folliard later said. "I never got over it. Of course, I've cherished that rosary. I wrote the President a note thanking him. I guess you gather from all this that Mr. Truman was a sort of a hero to me."
Folliard played a key role in the famous incident when his Post colleague Paul Hume criticized Margaret Truman's singing in an article and President Truman replied with an angry letter. Hume "didn't believe it was from President Truman," but when he showed it to Folliard, Folliard identified the handwriting as Truman's. Although the Post "had no intention of ever making the letter public," The Washington Daily News got wind of it and reported on it, whereupon Post publisher Phil Graham asked Folliard to explain what had happened to Steve Early, who was acting presidential press secretary at the time. Folliard did go to the White House, but spoke not with Early but with presidential aide Matt Connelly.[3]
In 1955, Folliard stayed with Eisenhower for seven weeks during his recovery from a heart attack in Denver.[1]
When Truman was invited to the 1956 Gridiron Club dinner, the former president declined the invitation because he did not want to encounter another invited guest, then Vice President Richard M. Nixon, who had publicly called Truman a traitor. It was Folliard to whom Truman wrote explaining his refusal to come, and it was Folliard who somehow persuaded Truman to change his mind and attend the dinner.[4]
"I was never on intimate terms with John F. Kennedy," Folliard said in a 1967 interview, "but knew him reasonably well." After Kennedy was elected president, Folliard "wrote a story saying that the talk about Kennedy buying his victory was nonsense." Folliard himself said, "My admiration of Kennedy is just without limit. I just think he was probably the most brilliant President of our time." Folliard accepted Pierre Salinger's claim that Kennedy had written "the whole of his Inaugural Address," which Folliard called "the best Inaugural speech I ever heard."[5]
Folliard reported on the 1963 White House ceremony in which Sir Winston Churchill was awarded
In March 1962, Folliard wrote for
Folliard was in the motorcade in Dallas when Kennedy was assassinated.[5] He wrote the page one article that ran the next day, headlined "President Kennedy Shot Dead; Lyndon B. Johnson Is Sworn In."
Folliard's friendships with Truman and Eisenhower lasted after their presidencies. In 1969, Nixon invited Folliard to come with him on Air Force One to visit Truman in Missouri for his 85th birthday.[1]
Hiss Case
Folliard opened the August 27, 1948, episode of
FOLLIARD: Mr. Chambers, in the hearings on Capitol Hill, you said over and over again that you served in the Communist Party with Alger Hiss. Your remarks down there were privileged. That is to say, you were protected from lawsuits. Hiss has now challenged you to make the same charge publicly. He says that if you do, he will test your veracity by filing a suit for slander or libel. Are you willing to say now that Alger Hiss is or ever was a Communist?
CHAMBERS: Alger Hiss was a Communist and may be now.
FOLLIARD: Mr. Chambers, does that mean that you’re now prepared to go into court and answer to a suit for slander or libel?
CHAMBERS: I do not think that Mr. Hiss will sue me for slander or libel.[8][9]
He pursued the issue doggedly throughout the episode:
FOLLIARD: Mr. Chambers, to go back to that opening question, you accepted Alger Hiss' challenge and publicly said that he had been at least a member of the Communist Party. Does that mean that you are now prepared to go into Court and answer a suit for slander or libel?
CHAMBERS: I do not think Mr. Hiss will sue me for slander or libel.[8]
Hiss did sue Chambers, a month later. However, by year-end 1948, the U.S. Department of Justice had indicted Hiss on two counts of perjury. In January 1950, after a second trial, Hiss received a guilty verdict on both counts and went to prison.
Other Post articles
In 1927, he covered Lindbergh's return from Paris. During the
In 1937, Folliard reported on the existence of a secret Soviet camp in upstate New York where members of the U.S. Navy were being trained to spread Communist doctrine among their fellow seamen.[10]
Folliard covered the famous 1939 concert held by Marian Anderson at the Lincoln Memorial and arranged by First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt after the Daughters of the American Revolution had refused to permit the black opera singer to perform at its auditorium, Constitution Hall. "Marian Anderson stood on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial yesterday, sent her matchless contralto voice out over the air and held a crowd of 75,000 enthralled," wrote Folliard. "It was one of the largest assemblages Washington had seen since Lindbergh came back from Paris in '27."[11]
In 1940, he went on a 7,000 mile tour of U.S. bases in the Caribbean. He felt embarrassed on
In 1949 he was sent to New York to interview various gangsters for a series headlined "American Tygoons." After it appeared in about 80 newspapers, his interviewees were called to testify before a
Other journalism
In addition to reporting for the Post, Folliard also wrote on occasion for the
In 1943, he had his own radio program on station WTOP, discussing world events.[12]
Post-retirement
He retired officially from the Post in 1966 but continued writing for the newspaper "well into the 1970s." Among his post-retirement articles were "reminiscences of major events that he had helped to record for history – the attack on Pearl Harbor and White House reaction to it, the
Books
He wrote History of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick of Washington D.C., 1928-1968.[13]
Memberships
He belonged to the Overseas Writers Club, the National Press Club, the Alfalfa Club, and the John Carroll Society.[1]
At various times he served as president of the White House Correspondents' Association and of the Gridiron Club.[1]
Mona Lisa
During a 1962 conversation with French
Honors and awards
Folliard was awarded the
He had been asked by Philip Graham, who by then had become the Post's publisher, to investigate the group. For the articles, Folliard spent a week in Atlanta interviewing the group's leaders, attending their mass meetings, and listening to their "tirades against Negroes, Jews, the Communists, the rich, and newspaper editors who don't share their views on 'Anglo-Saxon culture.'" The members of the group, he wrote, "dress and swagger in the manner of
In 1959, he won the 15th annual Raymond Clapper Memorial Award for distinguished Washington reporting during the year 1958. The award was for a story about gas bill lobby funds.[15]
He also won the Washington
In 1970 he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Nixon as one of seven persons whom Nixon called "giants of journalism".
In 1971 he was one of 12 correspondents named charter members of the Hall of Fame established by the Washington Professional chapter of
Personal life
He was married to Helen Liston Folliard. They had a son, Michael, and a daughter, Nancy O'Mahony.
Jack Shafer wrote in 2014 that in 1962, Tom Wicker, then an aspiring journalist, asked Folliard "for advice on a political assignment he was working on." Folliard told him that "if you're going to be a political writer, there's one thing you'd better remember. Never let the facts get in your way."[16]
He kept using his old Underwood typewriter after the Post newsroom had replaced them.[17] According to his Post obituary, Folliard "refused to observe margins or to triple space his copy," turning in "some of the 'dirtiest' copy," typed "on an ancient typewriter, long in disrepair, that he insisted on using." He also "refused to part with his antique, upright telephone" on which he had dictated his Pearl Harbor and VJ stories."[1]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Hailey, Jean R. (26 November 1976). "Edward T. Folliard, Prize-Winning Journalist, Dies". The Washington Post. p. B13. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
- ^ a b Folliard, Edward T. "Multiple". The Washington Post. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ Hess, Jerry N. (20 August 1970). "Oral History Interview with Edward T. Folliard". Washington, D.C.: Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
- ^ The New York Times (23 February 1986). "Required Reading; Truman-Nixon Chill". Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ a b McHugh, William (30 March 1967). "Edward T. Folliard Oral History Interview" (PDF). Washington, D.C.: John F. Kennedy Library. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ Folliard, Edward T. (10 April 1963). "Citizenship Is Awarded Churchill: Honor Is Accepted By Son Randolph At White House". The Washington Post. p. A1. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- America. Archived from the originalon 15 March 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
- ^ a b "Whittaker Chambers Meets the Press". American Mercury. February 1949. pp. 153, 157–158. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
- ^ "MTP Transcript for April 8, 2007". NBC News. 8 April 2007. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
- ^ Folliard, Edward T. (6 November 1937). "Communist Party Has Established Own 'Annapolis' Near West Point; 30 Men Already Graduated to Spread Doctrine on American Ships". The Washington Post. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ Folliard, Edward T. (10 April 1939). "Miss Anderson Sings". The Washington Post. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ ISBN 9783598301704. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
- ^ Wildside Press. "Folliard, Edward T." Retrieved 15 March 2016.
- ^
"TASK OF OCCUPATION DECLARED IN PERIL; Patterson at Dinner Honoring War Correspondents Says More Appropriations Are Needed". Washington DC. 1946-11-23. p. 28. Retrieved 2020-11-26.
- ^ "Post's Folliard Wins Clapper Award For Story on Gas-Bill Lobby Funds". The Washington Post and Times-Herald. 19 April 1959. p. A1.
- ^ Shafer, Jack (31 October 2014). "In covering politics, a little speculation ain't a bad thing". Reuters. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
- ^ Reistrup, J.V. (31 October 2010). "Newspaper Typewriters". J.V. Reistrup's Blog. Archived from the original on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2016.