Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel
Generalfeldmarschall | |
---|---|
Commands held | IX Corps I Corps 1st Army Army of the South 2nd Army Army of Occupation |
Battles/wars | Second Schleswig War Austro-Prussian War Franco-Prussian War |
Awards | Grand Cross of the Iron Cross Pour le Mérite Order of the Black Eagle |
Other work | Imperial Lieutenant of Alsace–Lorraine (1879–85) |
Signature |
Edwin Karl Rochus Freiherr[a] von Manteuffel (24 February 1809 – 17 June 1885) was a Prussian Generalfeldmarschall noted for his victories in the Franco-Prussian War, and the first Imperial Lieutenant (German: Reichsstatthalter) of Alsace–Lorraine from 1879 until his death.[1]
Biography
Son of the president of the superior court of
Promoted lieutenant-colonel in 1852, and colonel (and commanding officer of the
Manteuffel's successful campaign ended with the occupation of Würzburg, and he received the order Pour le Mérite. However, on account of his monarchist political views throughout the political crises of the 1860s, and of his almost bigoted Roman Catholicism, he was regarded by Liberal politicians as a reactionary, and, unlike the other army commanders, he was not granted a financial reward for his services. He then went on a diplomatic mission to St Petersburg, where he was persona grata, and gained Russia's acquiescence to Prussia's domination of north Germany. On his return he was made honorary colonel of the 5th Dragoon Regiment. He was appointed to the command of the IX (Schleswig-Holstein) Corps in 1866. But having previously exercised both civil and military control in the Elbe duchies he was unwilling to be a purely military commander under one of his former civil subordinates, and retired from the army for a year.[1]
In 1868, however, Manteuffel returned to active service and on 18 September 1869 he received the Grand Cross of the
In January 1871 he commanded the newly formed Army of the South, which he led, in spite of hard frost, through the
At the close of the occupation, the Emperor promoted Manteuffel to the rank of
Honours
He received the following orders and decorations:[2]
- Prussia:
- Knight of Honour of the Johanniter Order, 29 November 1848[3]
- Knight's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, 1851; Commander's Cross with Star and Swords, 1864; Grand Commander's Cross with Swords on Ring, 29 June 1865[3]
- Pour le Mérite (military), 7 August 1866; with Oak Leaves, 24 December 1870[4]
- Knight of the Royal Crown Order, 1st Class with Enamel Band of the Red Eagle Order and Oak Leaves, 19 January 1867[3]
- Grand Cross of the Red Eagle, with Oak Leaves, 18 September 1869; with Swords, 1871[3]
- War Commemorative Medal of 1870/71[5]
- Grand Cross of the Iron Cross (1870), 22 March 1871[5]
- Knight of the Black Eagle, 16 June 1871; with Collar, 1872[3]
- Knight of Honour of the
- Ascanian duchies: Grand Cross of the Order of Albert the Bear, 25 January 1854[6]
- Baden: Knight of the Order of Berthold the First, 1877[7]
- Bavaria:
- Commander of the Merit Order of St. Michael, 1854[8]
- Grand Cross of the Military Order of Max Joseph, 11 April 1877[9]
- Grand Cross of the Military Merit Order
- Brunswick: Grand Cross of the Order of Henry the Lion, with Swords
- Ernestine duchies: Grand Cross of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order, October 1861[10]
- Hesse and by Rhine: Grand Cross of the Merit Order of Philip the Magnanimous, with Swords, 5 February 1861[11]
- Hanover: Commander of the Royal Guelphic Order, 1st Class, 1858[12]
- Mecklenburg:
- Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown, with Golden Crown
- Military Merit Cross, 1st Class (Schwerin)
- Nassau: Grand Cross of the Order of Adolphe of Nassau, with Swords, March 1865[13]
- Oldenburg: Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig, with Golden Crown and Swords, 29 July 1866[14]
- Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Grand Cross of the White Falcon, 21 May 1853[15]
- Saxony: Knight of the Rue Crown, 1871[16]
- Schaumburg-Lippe: Military Merit Medal
- Württemberg: Grand Cross of the Military Merit Order, 20 November 1871[17]
- Austria:[18]
- Knight of the Iron Crown, 1st Class, 1861
- Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of Leopold, 1863
- Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen, 1872
- France: Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour
- Italy: Knight of the Annunciation, 20 October 1875[19]
- Russia:
- Knight of St. George, 3rd Class, 27 December 1870
- Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky, in Diamonds
- Knight of St. Vladimir, 1st Class
- Knight of St. Andrew
- Sweden: Knight of the Sword
Notes
References
- ^ a b c d e f Chisholm 1911.
- ^ Handbuch über den Königlich Preussischen Hof und Staat. 1884. p. 36.
- ^ a b c d e Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei, 1877, pp. 13, 20, 32, 576, 923, 990 – via hathitrust.org
- ^ Lehmann, Gustaf (1913). Die Ritter des Ordens pour le mérite 1812–1913 [The Knights of the Order of the Pour le Mérite] (in German). Vol. 2. Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler & Sohn. p. 462.
- ^ a b "Edwin Karl Rochus Freiherr von Manteuffel". the Prussian Machine. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Herzogtum Anhalt (1867) "Herzoglicher Haus-orden Albrecht des Bären" p. 19
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1880), "Großherzogliche Orden" 73
- ^ "Königliche Orden", Hof- und – Staatshandbuch des Königreichs Bayern (in German), Munich: Druck and Verlag, 1882, p. 72 – via hathitrust.org
- ^ Ruith, Max (1882). Der K. Bayerische Militär-Max-Joseph-Orden. Ingolstadt: Ganghofer'sche Buchdruckerei. p. 85 – via hathitrust.org.
- ^ Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtums Sachsen-Altenburg (1869), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 26
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen (1879), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen", p. 76
- ^ Staat Hannover (1865). Hof- und Staatshandbuch für das Königreich Hannover: 1865. Berenberg. p. 86.
- ^ Staats- und Adreß-Handbuch des Herzogthums Nassau (1866), "Herzogliche Orden" p. 14
- ^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Oldenburg: 1879. Schulze. 1879. p. 42.
- ^ "Großherzogliche Hausorden", Staatshandbuch ... Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (in German), Weimar: Böhlau, 1855, p. 15 – via zs.thulb.uni-jena.de
- ^ Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen: 1873. Heinrich. 1873. p. 5.
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1881), "Königliche Orden" p. 54
- ^ "Ritter-Orden", Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie, 1883, pp. 118, 128, 161, retrieved February 5, 2021
- ^ Italia : Ministero dell'interno (1879). Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia. Unione tipografico-editrice. p. 41.
Attribution:
- public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Manteuffel, Edwin, Freiherr von". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 604. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
- Pierre Zind, Elsass Lothringen/Alsace Lorraine une nation interdite, 1870–1940, Paris: Copernic, 1979. (in French)