Ef (Cyrillic)
Cyrillic letter Ef | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ꙕ | Ю̂ | Ꙗ | |||||
Я̈ | Я̂ | Я̨ | Ԙ | Ѥ | Ѧ | Ꙙ | Ѫ |
Ꙛ | Ѩ | Ꙝ | Ѭ | Ѯ | Ѱ | Ѳ | Ѵ |
Ѷ | Ꙟ |
Ef or Fe (Ф ф; italics: Ф ф) is a Cyrillic letter, commonly representing the voiceless labiodental fricative /f/, like the pronunciation of ⟨f⟩ in "fill, flee, or fall". The Cyrillic letter Ef is romanized as ⟨f⟩.
History
The Cyrillic letter Ef was derived from the
The name of Ef in the Early Cyrillic alphabet is фрьтъ (fr̥tŭ or frĭtŭ), in later Church Slavonic and Russian form it became фертъ (fert).[1]
In the Cyrillic numeral system, Ef has a value of 500.
Appearance
The Slavic languages have almost no native words containing /f/. This sound did not exist in Proto-Indo-European (PIE). It arose in Greek and Latin from PIE *bʰ (which yielded Slavic /b/). In some instances in Latin, it represented historical th-fronting and derived from Proto-Indo-European *dʰ. In the Germanic languages, the f sound arose from PIE *p via Grimm's law, which remained unchanged in Slavic. The letter ф is thus almost exclusively found in words of foreign origin, especially Greek (from φ and sometimes from θ), Latin, French, German, Dutch, English, and Turkic languages
Example borrowings in Russian:
- from Greek: катастрофа, "catastrophe" (from φ); Фёдор, "Theodore" (from θ)
- from Latin: федерация, "federation"; эффект, "effect"
- from German: картофель, "potato" (from Kartoffel); фунт, "pound" (from Pfund)
- from Dutch: флаг, "flag"
The few native Slavic words with this letter (in different languages) are examples of onomatopoeia (like Russian verbs фукать, фыркать etc.) or reflect sporadic pronunciation shifts:
- from пв /pv/: Serbian уфати 'to hope' (cf. Church Slavonicуповати 'to hope')
- from хв /xv/: Macedonian сфати '(he) understands' (cf. Church Slavonicсхватити 'to take, to catch'), Russian дрофа 'bustard' (cf. Ukrainian дрохва 'bustard')
- from кв /kv/: Russian филин 'eagle-owl' (cf Ukrainian квилити 'to cry')
- from х /x/: Russian toponym Фили 'Fili' (from хилый 'sickly')
Slavic languages
Ef is the 21st letter of the
Related letters and other similar characters
- Φ φ/ϕ : Greek letter Phi
- Ѳ ѳ : Cyrillic letter Fita
- F f : Latin letter F
- Փ փ : Armenian letter Piwr
- Q q Latin letter Q
- Ჶ ჶ Fi (letter)
Computing codes
Preview | Ф | ф | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EF | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EF | ||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 1060 | U+0424 | 1092 | U+0444 |
UTF-8 | 208 164 | D0 A4 | 209 132 | D1 84 |
Numeric character reference | Ф |
Ф |
ф |
ф |
Named character reference | Ф | ф | ||
KOI8-R and KOI8-U | 230 | E6 | 198 | C6 |
Code page 855 | 171 | AB | 170 | AA |
Code page 866 | 148 | 94 | 228 | E4 |
Windows-1251 | 212 | D4 | 244 | F4 |
ISO-8859-5 |
196 | C4 | 228 | E4 |
Macintosh Cyrillic |
148 | 94 | 244 | F4 |
Cultural references
The
External links
References
- ISBN 978-1-136-86137-6.