Efim Geller

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Petrovich and the family name is Geller.
Efim Geller
Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union
Died17 November 1998(1998-11-17) (aged 73)
Moscow, Russia
TitleGrandmaster (1952)
Peak rating2620 (January 1976)

Efim Petrovich Geller (

World Championship on six occasions (1953, 1956, 1962, 1965, 1968, and 1971). He won four Ukrainian SSR Championship titles (in 1950, 1957, 1958, and 1959) and shared first in the 1991 World Seniors' Championship
, winning the title outright in 1992. His wife Oksana was a ballet dancer while his son Alexander was also a chess master. Geller was coach to World Champions Boris Spassky and Anatoly Karpov. He was also an author.[1]

Early life

Geller grew up in

Jewish. He was a fine basketball player, and earned his doctorate in physical education before specialising in chess. His father was a First Category chess player. His development as a top player was delayed by the inception of World War II
.

Geller's first notable result was sixth place in the 1947

Alexei Sokolsky. He shared 3rd–5th places at Baku 1948 with 9/15, an event won by Jüri Randviir
. Geller scored 11/18 at the 1948 Ukrainian SSR Championship in Kiev for a shared 5th–8th place; the winners were Sokolsky and Poliak.

Grandmaster

Geller in 1973

Geller began to make his mark in the late 1940s, as he won the USSR Championship semifinal qualifier at

Iwonicz Zdroj
with 11½/19 for seventh place in a powerful field; Keres won again.

Geller is reckoned to have been among the best ten players in the world for around twenty years. He was awarded the

International Grandmaster
title the following year.

Geller played in 23 USSR Chess Championships, a record equalled by Mark Taimanov, achieving good results in many. He won in 1955 at Moscow (URS-ch22) when, despite losing five games, he finished equal first with 12/19, then defeated Smyslov in the playoff match by the score of +1=6. He won his second title in 1979 at Minsk (URS-ch47) at the age of 54, making him the oldest Soviet champion.

Among his best results in other important tournaments were: clear first at Iwonicz Zdroj 1957, equal first with Taimanov at

Daniel Campora, clear first at Dortmund 'A' 1989, and equal first at New York Manhattan 1990 with Gregory Kaidanov
, at age 65.

In Seniors' competition, Geller further distinguished himself in the early 1990s. At the World Seniors' Championship,

Bad Woerishofen 1991, he tied for first with Smyslov at 8½/11. Then, in the next year's Championship at the same site, Geller claimed clear first with the same score. Geller remained active in high-level competitive chess until age 70; his last event was the 1995 Russian Championship at Elista
.

World title candidate

Geller reached the later stages of the

Zurich 1953 and Amsterdam 1956
.

Geller's best result was in the

Interzonal. Then in the Candidates', he ended up one-half point short of playing for the title by scoring 17/27 at Curaçao, tying for second place with Keres, half a point behind Tigran Petrosian, who went on to defeat Botvinnik
for the title the next year. Geller lost a playoff match to Keres at Moscow 1962 by 4½–3½, but was able to enter the 1965 Candidates' matches as a substitute when Botvinnik (defeated World Champion) declined to take part.

In the 1965 Candidates he defeated Smyslov by 5½–2½ at Moscow in the first round, but lost to Spassky by 5½–2½ at Riga in the semifinals. In a 1966 Copenhagen playoff match against Bent Larsen, the two players split eight games with two wins each, and Larsen won the first tiebreak game to secure Candidates' exemption in case of a withdrawal by a qualified player in the next cycle. (Eventually, this turned out not to matter, since none withdrew.)

In the

Petropolis Interzonal, but lost out in the three-way playoff match tournament at Portorož
, with two qualifying spots at stake, so he did not advance.

Team tournaments

Geller in 1977

Geller represented the USSR seven times in the Chess Olympiad, over a 28-year span from 1952 to 1980, and contributed well each time to the team gold medal victories. He won three gold medals and three silver on his board. His overall score in the Olympiad play is: (+46−7=23), for 75.7 per cent.

  • Helsinki 1952, board 4, 10½/14 (+8−1=5), board silver medal;
  • Amsterdam 1954, 1st reserve, 5/7 (+4−1=2), board gold medal;
  • Moscow 1956, 2nd reserve, 7½/10 (+7−2=1), board gold medal;
  • Varna 1962, 1st reserve, 10½/12 (+10−1=1), board gold medal;
  • Lugano 1968, board 4, 9½/12 (+7−0=5), board silver medal;
  • Siegen 1970, 2nd reserve, 8/12 (+6−2=4);
  • Valletta 1980, board 4, 6½/9 (+4−0=5), board silver medal.

Geller was also selected on six occasions for the USSR team to the European Team Championships. His team won gold each time, and he won four gold medals on his board. According to olimpbase.org, his overall score in Euroteams events is: (+17−1=19), for 71.6 per cent.

  • Oberhausen 1961, board 7, 6½/9 (+4−0=5), board gold medal;
  • Kapfenberg 1970, board 4, 4/6 (+3−1=2), board gold medal;
  • Bath, Somerset 1973, board 7, 4½/5 (+4−0=1), board gold medal;
  • Moscow 1977, board 6, 4½/7 (+2−0=5), board gold medal;
  • Skara 1980, board 5, 4/6 (+2−0=4);
  • Plovdiv 1983, 2nd reserve, 3/4 (+2−0=2).

Assessment

According to Jeff Sonas' Chessmetrics rating system, Geller was ranked No. 2 in the world May–July 1963, and was in the world's top ten for much of the 1950s and 1960s.[2] After FIDE adopted the Elo rating system in 1971, Geller appeared in the top 10 three times: in 1971 (equal 6th, 2630), 1976 (equal 8th, 2620) and 1981 (equal 10th, 2615).

Geller had an overall plus score against four world champions: Mikhail Botvinnik +4−1=7, Vasily Smyslov +11−8=37, Tigran Petrosian +5−3=32, Bobby Fischer +5−3=2.[3] In total, Geller played ten and beat eight world chess champions, and his overall record in games in classical chess against world champions is positive: +39−36=131 (Max Euwe +1−1, Mikhail Botvinnik +4−1=7, Vassily Smyslov +11−8=37, Mikhail Tal +6−6=23, Tigran Petrosian +5−3=32, Boris Spassky +6−10=22, Bobby Fischer +5−3=2, Anatoly Karpov +1−2=5, Garry Kasparov +0−1=2, Viswanathan Anand +0−1=1). Geller did rather badly against Korchnoi (+6−11=16) and Polugaevsky (+4−11=21).

Lifetime scores against top grandmasters

Note: only official tournament and match games in classical chess are counted here.

Score vs. top grandmasters of his time
Player Wins Losses Draws
Mikhail Botvinnik 4 1 7
David Bronstein 5 5 15
Bobby Fischer 5 3 2
Svetozar Gligoric
 4 1 22
Vlastimil Hort 2 1 11
Paul Keres 7 9 21
Viktor Korchnoi 6 11 16
Bent Larsen 3 5 9
Tigran Petrosian 5 3 32
Lev Polugaevsky 4 11 21
Lajos Portisch 4 2 12
Vasily Smyslov 11 8 37
Boris Spassky 6 10 22
Leonid Stein 6 1 7
Mark Taimanov 8 7 12
Mikhail Tal 6 6 23
Total 86 84 269

Legacy

This section uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves.

Geller is best remembered today for the tactical ability and original attacking style which characterised the earlier part of his career. In later years he became a more rounded player. He was noted as an

Slav Defence. He acted as second (assistant) to World Champion Boris Spassky in the World Championship match of 1972 against Bobby Fischer, and later seconded World Champion Anatoly Karpov, as well as his lifelong close friend Tigran Petrosian
. His books included an autobiography, translated by Bernard Cafferty as Grandmaster Geller at the Chessboard (1969). This was later updated and reissued in 1983 under the title The Application of Chess Theory, and contains 100 well-annotated games. Former champion Botvinnik stated that, in his opinion, Geller was the best player in the world in the late 1960s. Geller seemed to be stronger in tournament play than in matches.

Geller was featured in the 2014 Bobby Fischer biopic Pawn Sacrifice, portrayed by Edward Zinoviev.

Notable games

See also

References

  1. ISBN 0-19-281986-0
    .
  2. ^ "Efim Geller". Chessmetrics. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  3. ^ Becerra, Julio (24 May 2011). "A Threat to the Champions". Chess.com. Retrieved 25 September 2017.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Efim Geller.
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