Egyptian National Police
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Egyptian National Police الشرطة الوطنية المصرية elshorta elwatnia elmasriya | |
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Arabic : شرطة الشعب, shortat alsha'b)
Counter-terrorism and hostage rescue Combat all types of crimes Maintaining public health Achieve the tranquility of the citizen | |
Agency overview | |
Formed | 1878 (126 years) |
Employees | 380,000 |
Jurisdictional structure | |
Government of Egypt | |
Headquarters | Cairo, Egypt |
Agency executive |
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Facilities | |
Helicopters | Mil Mi-17 Aérospatiale Gazelle |
Website | |
www |
Egyptian National Police or ENP is a department of the Ministry of Interior of Egypt.
National organization
The Ministry of Interior divides the functions of the police and public security among four Deputy Ministers of Interior while the Minister of Interior himself retained responsibility for state security (Qitaa' al-amn al-watani),[1] investigations and overall organization.
There are four Deputy Ministers:
- .
- Special Police responsible for prison administration, the Central Security Forces, civil defense, police transport, police communications, traffic police, and Tourism and Antiquities Police.
- Personnel Affairs was responsible for police-training institutions, personnel matters for police and civilian employees, and the Policemen's Sports Association.
- Administrative and Financial Affairs responsible for general administration, budgets, supplies, and legal matters.
Regional organization
In each of the 27
The urban police have more modern facilities and equipment, such as computers and communications equipment, while the smaller more remote village police have less sophisticated facilities and equipment. The police became increasingly motorized and it is now rare to see an officer on foot patrol except in city or town centers, and then rarely alone. An increasing number of urban centers police bicycle units are used to provide a quick response in congested areas, pedestrianized areas and parkland, as well as carrying out patrols.
Training
All of the commissioned officers were graduates of the Police Academy at Cairo where after high school, they had to complete four years at the academy, or after College degree, completing a period of 12 to 18 months. The Police Academy is a modern institution equipped with laboratory and physical-training facilities. The police force also sent some officers abroad for schooling.
The Police Academy offers a four-year program which includes: security administration,
Advanced officer training was given at the academy's Institute for Advanced Police Studies, completion of which was required for advancement beyond the rank of lieutenant colonel. The academy's three-month course for enlisted personnel is conducted in a military atmosphere but emphasizes police methods and techniques.
Some police officers, especially the special operations officers, are well trained by the Egyptian Armed Forces in Al-Sa'ka Military School.
Uniforms and equipment
Ranks
Egyptian police rank insignia are the same as those used by the Egyptian Army. Commissioned police ranks resemble
Officers' ranks
Officers rank insignia of the Egyptian Police
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Lieutenant | First Lieutenant
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Captain
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Major | Lieutenant Colonel
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Colonel | Brigadier | Major General
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Arabic : ملازم
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Arabic : ملازم أول
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Arabic : نقيب
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Arabic : رائد
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Arabic : مقدم
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Arabic : عقيد
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Arabic : عميد
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Arabic : لواء
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Police uniforms
Egyptian police uniforms are similar to the Egyptian Army's service uniform for the ground forces, which is
Equipment
Egyptian law enforcement police officers generally carry either the
The Tourism and Antiquities Police cover tourist destinations like historical sites, museums, hotels, etc. Places such as the
Transport
Unlike in many other countries, the Egyptian police extensively use
For traffic regulation and patrolling in cities, motorcycles are also used. This is because of increasing congestion in cities where the heavier bikes would prove to be unwieldy when compared to the nimbler handling the newer bikes were capable of. The bikes are provided with two-way radios, strobes and sirens and are generally painted white. Some cities make use of sedans as patrol vehicles or high speed 'interceptors' on highways. Of late, the various police forces are on a modernisation drive, upgrading and revamping their fleet with new vehicles.
Relations with public
The police in Egypt lost some prestige during the
July 2013 coup d'état
Mass demonstrations took place for and against President Mohamed Morsi on 30 June 2013, marking the one-year anniversary of Mohamed Morsi's inauguration. The police, along with the military, had made it clear that they were with anti-government protestors by carrying out a coup d'état on 3 July.
Sit-in dispersals
The
Treatment of women
According to writer Ahdaf Soueif, since 2005 the police have routinely grabbed women protesters and torn "their clothes off and beat them, groping them at the same time. The idea was to insinuate that females who took part in street protests wanted to be groped." To protect against this, many female protesters wear "layers of light clothing, no buttons, drawstring pants double-knotted".[7]
Gallery
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Salah Zulfikar in 1952.jpg Salah Zulfikar in Battle of Ismailia (1952)
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Police on a camel in front of the Red Pyramid in Dahshur.jpg Police on a camel in front of the Red Pyramid in Dahshur.jpg
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Day of Anger riot police close.jpgCentral Security Forceriot police
See also
- Central Security Forces
- Crime in Egypt
- Death of Khaled Mohamed Saeed
- Egyptian General Intelligence Directorate
- Battle of Ismailia (1952)
- National Police Day (Egypt)
- Terrorism in Egypt
- The General Directorate for State Security Investigations
- Hostage Rescue Force
References
- ISBN 978-1-84353-782-3.
- ^ a b c Cairo clashes highlight tensions between Egyptian police, public| by Sarah Lynch| June 29, 2011
- ^ AFP (25 January 2011). "Egypt braces for nationwide protests". France24. Archived from the original on 1 February 2011. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
- ^ Muslim Brotherhood to join Tahrir Square demonstration, Jack Shenker| guardian.co.uk| 7 July 2011
- ^ [1], Death toll from Egypt violence rises to 638: Health ministry|15 August 2013
- ^ [2], Sit in Dispersal|15 August 2013
- ^ "Image of unknown woman beaten by Egypt's military echoes around world". Guardian. 2011-12-18.
Sources
- World Police Encyclopedia, ed. by Dilip K. Das and Michael Palmiotto published by Taylor & Francis, 2004.
- World Encyclopedia of Police Forces and Correctional Systems, second edition, 2006 by Gale.
- Sullivan, Larry E. Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2005.
- LOC Egypt County Study page
External links
- MOI official website (Arabic)
- MOI official website (English)
- From Bad Cop to Good Cop: The Challenge of Security Sector Reform in Egypt The Brookings Institution, by Omar Ashour 19 November 2012.