Catwoman
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Catwoman | |
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Injustice League | |
Partnerships | |
Notable aliases | The Cat Selina Calabrese[2] Irena Dubrovna[3] |
Abilities |
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Catwoman is a character appearing in
Catwoman is the
Catwoman has been adapted in various media incarnations, having been portrayed in film by Lee Meriwether in Batman (1966), Michelle Pfeiffer in Batman Returns (1992), Halle Berry in Catwoman (2004), Anne Hathaway in The Dark Knight Rises (2012), and Zoë Kravitz in The Batman (2022). In television, she has been played by Julie Newmar and Eartha Kitt in Batman, and Camren Bicondova and Lili Simmons in Gotham.
Catwoman was ranked 11th on IGN's list of the "Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time",[7] and 51st on Wizard magazine's "100 Greatest Villains of All Time" list.[8] Conversely, she was ranked 20th on IGN's "Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time" list.[9]
Character and publication history
Creation
Batman co-creator Bob Kane was a great movie fan and his love for film provided the impetus for several Batman characters, among them, Catwoman. Kane's inspiration for Catwoman was drawn from multiple sources to include actresses
As for using cat imagery with the character, Kane stated that he and Finger saw cats as "kind of the antithesis of bats".[14]
I felt that women were feline creatures and men were more like dogs. While dogs are faithful and friendly, cats are cool, detached, and unreliable. I felt much warmer with dogs around me—cats are as hard to understand as women are. Men feel more sure of themselves with a male friend than a woman. You always need to keep women at arm's length. We don't want anyone taking over our souls, and women have a habit of doing that. So there's a love-resentment thing with women. I guess women will feel that I'm being chauvinistic to speak this way, but I do feel that I've had better relationships with male friends than women. With women, once the romance is over, somehow they never remain my friends.
Fictional character biography
Golden Age
Catwoman, then called "the Cat", first appeared in Batman #1 (spring 1940)[16] as a mysterious burglar and jewel thief, revealed at the end of the story to be a young, attractive (unnamed) woman, having disguised herself as an old woman during the story and been hired to commit a burglary. Although she does not wear her iconic cat-suit, the story establishes her core personality as a femme fatale who both antagonizes and attracts Batman. It is implied Batman may have deliberately let her get away by blocking Robin as he tried to leap after her. She next appears in Batman #2 in a story also involving the Joker but escapes Batman in the end. In Batman #3 she wears a fur mask and again succeeds in escaping Batman.
Batman #62 (December 1950) reveals that Catwoman was an
Silver Age
Catwoman made her first Silver Age appearance in Superman's Girl Friend, Lois Lane #70-71 (November–December 1966); afterward, she continued to make appearances across the various Batman comics.
Several stories in the 1970s featured Catwoman committing murder, something that neither the Earth-One nor Earth-Two versions of her would ever do. This version of Catwoman was later assigned to the alternate world of Earth-B, an alternate Earth that included stories that could not be considered canonical on Earth-One or Earth-Two.[17][18][19]
Modern Age
This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. (May 2015) |
Tangled origins
Catwoman's origin—and, to an extent, her character—was revised in 1987 when writer
As the story progresses, Selina decides to leave prostitution and takes Holly with her. She gets into burglary to make money and starts robbing the rich and powerful men of Gotham, donning a catsuit costume while committing her heists. While trying to rob Carmine Falcone, she gets rescued by Batman but is irked of being thought of as his sidekick by the media.
The 1989 Catwoman limited series, written by Mindy Newell and with art by J.J. Birch, expanded upon Miller's Year One origin. This storyline, known as "Her Sister's Keeper", explores Selina's early life as a dominatrix and the start of her career as Catwoman. The story culminates with Selina's former pimp, Stan, abducting and beating her sister Maggie, who, in contrast to Selina, is a nun. Selina kills Stan to save her sister, and gets away with it. Most of this is revealed in the former series, but is expanded upon in "Her Sister's Keeper".
Catwoman (vol. 2) #69 provides details about Selina's childhood and neglects Maggie's existence. Maria Kyle is a distant parent who preferred to spend her time with cats, and commits suicide when Selina is very young. Her alcoholic father, Brian, is cold to Selina for resembling her mother, whom he resents for dying, and eventually drinks himself to death. To survive, Selina takes to the streets for a time before getting caught and sent first to an orphanage, then juvenile detention center,[20] "where Selina began to see how hard the world could really be".[21] Maggie's fate at this point in the timeline is not alluded to. However, when Ed Brubaker reintroduces her into the comic, he implies that Maggie may have directly entered an orphanage and promptly been adopted.
When she is 13 years old, Selina discovers that the detention center's administrator has been embezzling funds, and she confronts her. In an attempt to cover up her crime, the administrator puts Selina in a bag and drops her in a river to drown (like a cat). She escapes and returns to the orphanage, where she steals documents exposing the administrator's corruption. She uses these to blackmail the administrator into erasing "Selina Kyle" from the city's records, then steals the administrator's diamond necklace and escapes from the orphanage.[20] Selina eventually finds herself in "Alleytown – a network of cobblestone streets that form a small borough between the East End and Old Gotham."[22] Selina is taken in by Mama Fortuna, the elderly leader of a gang of young thieves, and is taught how to steal. Fortuna treats her students like slaves, keeping their earnings for herself. Selina eventually runs away, accompanied by her friend Sylvia. However, the two have difficulty surviving on their own, and in desperation try to support themselves by working as prostitutes. The two drift apart afterward, with Sylvia coming to resent Selina for not inquiring about what had happened to her at the hands of her abusive first client.
In the Catwoman: Year One story,[23] Selina, who is now an adult, achieves some success as a thief. Following a disastrous burglary, however, she accepts an offer to "lie low" as a dominatrix employed by a pimp named Stan. They plan to trick men into divulging information that might be used in future crimes. According to this storyline, Selina trains under the Armless Master of Gotham City, receiving education in martial arts and culture. During this time, a client gives her a cat o' nine tails, which Selina keeps as a trophy.
Batman: Dark Victory, the sequel to Batman: The Long Halloween, implies that Catwoman suspects she is the illegitimate daughter of Mafia boss Carmine Falcone, although she finds no definitive proof. Selina's connection to the Falcone crime family is further explored in the miniseries Catwoman: When in Rome. Though the story adds more circumstantial evidence to the theory of Selina's Falcone heritage, establishing that the Falcones' second-born daughter was put up for adoption in America, it also supplies no definitive proof. During Batman: The Long Halloween, Selina (out of costume) develops a relationship with Bruce Wayne, even leading her to save Bruce from Poison Ivy. However, this relationship appears to end on the Fourth of July when Bruce rejects her advances twice; once as Bruce and once as Batman. She leaves him for good and also leaves Gotham for a while in Batman: Dark Victory, after he stands her up on two holidays. When the two meet at an opera many years later, during the events of Batman: Hush, Bruce comments that the two no longer have a relationship as Bruce and Selina.
Catwoman also appears in the
Catwoman solo series
In 1993, Catwoman was given her first ongoing comic book series. This series, written by an assortment of writers, but primarily penciled by Jim Balent,[24] generally depicted the character as an international thief (and occasional bounty hunter) with an ambiguous moral code.
Story-lines include her adoption of teenage runaway and former sidekick, Arizona; aiding
Moving to
After her time in New York City, Selina returns to Gotham City, which at this time is in the midst of the "
Catwoman then appears in a series of back-up stories in Detective Comics #759–762 (August–November 2001). In the back-up storyline "Trail of the Catwoman", by writer Ed Brubaker and artist Darwyn Cooke, private detective Slam Bradley attempts to find out what really happened to Selina Kyle. This storyline leads into the newest Catwoman series in late 2001 (written by Brubaker initially with Cooke, later joined by artist Cameron Stewart). In this series, Selina Kyle, joined by new supporting cast members Holly and Slam Bradley (a character from the early Golden Age DC Comics), becomes protector of the residents of Gotham's East End, while still carrying out an ambitious career as a cat burglar.
During the Batman: Hush storyline, Batman and Catwoman briefly work together and have a romantic relationship, during which he reveals his true identity to her. At the end, he breaks off their relationship when he suspects it has been manipulated by the
In the Justice League story arc "Crisis of Conscience", Catwoman fights alongside Batman and the Justice League against the old Secret Society of Super Villains, of which she had once briefly been a member.
Mindwiping revelations
Catwoman appears to be completely reformed, and her love for Batman is true (although brash and unpredictable). However, she has learned her reformation was the result of a mindwipe by Zatanna, a procedure known to deeply affect and, in at least one case, physically incapacitate its victims. Zatanna gives no reason for her actions, but in a flashback, it is shown that she had acted with the consent and aid of five of the seven JLA members who had helped her mindwipe Dr. Light and Batman. Catwoman's response to this revelation is unequivocal: she gags Zatanna with duct tape, rendering her powerless, and pushes her out a window. Afterward, she is seen covering her bed with past versions of her Catwoman costume.
Still unbalanced and uncertain of herself in issue #52, Selina is forced to decide whether to kill a supervillain.
As a mother
Following the events of Infinite Crisis, the DC Universe jumps forward in time. After "One Year later", Selina Kyle is no longer Catwoman, she has left the East End, and has given birth to a daughter named Helena. The father of her new daughter is initially unrevealed; however, Batman demonstrates great concern for the child and at one point asks to have Helena stay at his mansion. Selina attempts to live a safe and somewhat normal life, and gives up her more dangerous ways of living as Catwoman. Holly Robinson takes over as the new Catwoman while Selina, living under the alias Irena Dubrovna, turns her attention to caring for her daughter (Selina's alias was inspired by the name of the main character in the 1942 film Cat People).[5]
Though she takes her role as a new mother quite seriously, Selina dons the costume for a run through the East End some days after Helena's birth. Having gained a few pounds, Selina finds that her costume is now tighter. In addition, she is easily distracted by a common criminal. Although the situation is defused through Holly's opportune arrival, the sight of two Catwomen active simultaneously in the city is caught on video. Selina returns home from her adventure to find that the mysterious movie aficionado the
A twist occurs when Wildcat informs Selina that Holly has been arrested for the murder of Black Mask. Selina infiltrates the police station and frees Holly. Finally defeating the Film Freak, Selina returns home to find that Bradley has deduced that Helena is the daughter of his son Sam Bradley, Jr., and therefore his granddaughter (although it is still strongly hinted that Bruce Wayne may be the father).
Batman asks Catwoman to infiltrate the violent tribe of the
Selina questions whether she should be raising a daughter when her life as Catwoman has already proven to be such a danger to the child. After enlisting Batman's help in faking the death of both herself and her daughter, Selina puts Helena up for adoption. A month after Helena is placed with a new family, Catwoman asks Zatanna to erase her memories of Helena and change her mind back to a criminal mentality. Zatanna refuses, judging that such an act would be cruel to both mother and daughter. She tells Selina that she could never reverse Selina's mindset, since she was on the path to becoming a hero on her own. Believing she can no longer function as a criminal, Selina decided to become one of Batman's Outsiders.[5] She quickly quits, however, and is replaced by Batgirl.
Salvation Run
In
Using the trust she regained in Luthor's eyes, she earns a passage to the 'real' Earth, in a jerry-rigged teleport machine built by Luthor for letting the villains escape. On Earth, she resumes being a hero, with occasional lapses into thievery by commission, simply for the thrill of it.
Heart of Hush
Later, in Detective Comics, Selina is quite uncertain about pursuing a romantic relationship with Batman. She talks with Bruce about
In Detective Comics #848 (November 2008), Hush attacks Selina as she is in her apartment, kidnapping her and surgically removing her heart. She is delivered anonymously to a Gotham hospital. Batman receives word of her situation, and while he goes in search of Hush, he leaves Selina in the care of Doctor Mid-Nite, who is considered the superhero community's chief doctor.
Batman recovers her heart, and Dr. Mid-Nite restores it to her body; however, the doctor also makes a prognosis on whether she can still return to her former life swinging through rooftops. While Selina is still in a coma, she encounters Zatanna, who apologizes for not warning her about Hush. She tells Selina that she was so happy about her relationship with Bruce that she ignored the other warnings in the cards. Zatanna gives her a little bottle supposedly containing aloe vera for her post-op scars. It is hinted that there is a little magic in there to help Selina with her recovery. Selina is sad that she might end up alone again. In the meantime, Bruce enters the recovery room and, believing her unconscious, launches into a soliloquy. He ends by telling Selina that he will always love her, when she opens her eyes and reveals to him that she was awake all the time and heard his confession.
Batman R.I.P.
During the events of Batman R.I.P., Selina and Bruce's romance lasts only for a night because Bruce must continue to pose as Jezebel's lover to bring down the Black Glove. While still recuperating, she pulls off one more heist and exacts her revenge on Hush. With the help of a few allies on both sides; the Oracle, Holly Robinson, Poison Ivy, Harley Quinn, and Slam Bradley, Selina taps into Hush's assets, leaving him penniless and suffering from wounds inflicted by Batman.
Battle for the Cowl
In Batman: Battle for the Cowl, Selina is seen as one of the members of Nightwing and Robin's contingency team known as "the Network", where she is seen taking down a gang of thugs before seeing Tim Drake dressed in a Batman uniform and is initially taken by surprise.
Batman: Reborn and Gotham City Sirens
In the first issue of Gotham City Sirens, Selina runs into the Bonebuster, a new villain trying to make a name for himself, and is saved by Poison Ivy. Selina, fearing the many dangers of a post-Batman Gotham, proposes that she, Ivy, and Harley Quinn team up, living together at a single base in an abandoned animal shelter. Ivy agrees under one condition: using home-grown drugs to weaken Selina's resistance, Ivy demands the identity of the true Batman.[25] Selina flashes back three years to when Talia al Ghul requested her presence in Tibet. There, Talia made it so that Selina would not relinquish the true identity of Batman under any circumstances. After the interrogation is over, Selina sees Harley with Bruce Wayne on TV. Selina tells Ivy that she knows it is Hush in disguise.
Blackest Night
During the events of Blackest Night, Selina is attacked by Black Mask after he has been reborn as a member of the Black Lantern Corps. After he tells her that he plans on getting an emotional response before killing her, Selina steals a car and heads to the mental institution where Maggie is held, believing Black Mask is coming for her. Black Mask attacks the institution, and somehow awakens Maggie from her coma. Selina arrives in time to help her sister flee into the sewers. While on the run, Maggie angrily tells Selina that she ruined both of their lives the day she decided to become Catwoman. Devastated by her sister's statement, Selina fails to realize they have both been heading into a trap. Just as Black Mask is about to gouge Maggie's eyes out and shove them down Selina's throat, Harley and Ivy arrive and defeat the Black Lantern by trapping him in the stomach of a man-eating plant. Selina is helped to her feet by her friends, who tell her that Maggie has fled the scene. The next day, the staff members of the mental institution are shown discussing Maggie's escape, also mentioning that a nun that works at the hospital had been found beaten and stripped of her uniform. Maggie is then shown in the depths of the Gotham City sewers clad in the bloodied nun robes, muttering about her plan to kill Catwoman in order to free Selina's soul.[26] Now calling herself Sister Zero, Maggie attempts to kill Selina, but ultimately flees after being defeated by the Sirens. She is last seen going over her options, now realizing that she cannot murder her own sister, and therefore must personally exorcise the "cat demon" from within Selina's body.[27]
The Return of Bruce Wayne
In the build-up to
Once Selina is freed, Talia orders Zatanna to wipe Bruce's identity from her memory, reasoning that her kidnapping has proved that the knowledge is too dangerous for her to handle.[29] The two women initially restrain Selina and attempt to remove the knowledge from her, but Zatanna refuses at the last moment and ends up fighting Talia in order to protect Selina.[30] Talia tries to kill Selina before vanishing, but she survives and ultimately reunites with Bruce, who had recently returned to the present.[31]
After stealing the contents of a safe belonging to the Falcone crime family, Selina returns home to find
Following a battle with Black Mask and his henchmen, which ends with neither woman being able to claim the bounty, Selina agrees to take on Kitrina as her new sidekick,
Shortly afterwards, Poison Ivy and Harley Quinn have escaped and set off to pursue revenge on Catwoman for leaving them behind.[38] The two of them found Catwoman and fought her. While they were fighting, Catwoman says that she saw good in them and only wanted to help them. Batman was about to arrest them, but Catwoman helped the two of them escape.[39]
The New 52 / Catwoman (vol. 4)
In 2011, DC Comics relaunched its main line of superhero titles under the umbrella The New 52, which revised and updated the fictional history of its superhero characters. Catwoman's new monthly title now focused on Selina's earlier days as Catwoman, though not the identity's origins. The series begins with Selina frantically escaping from unknown masked men who are invading her apartment. After flitting from rooftop to rooftop, Selina looks back just in time to see her apartment blown apart by explosives. She turns to her informant, Lola, who often supplies Catwoman with information and various jobs. In this instance, Lola tips Selina off to an unoccupied penthouse where Selina can lie low for a few weeks, as well as a job stealing a painting from Russian mobsters. For this job, Selina infiltrates a Russian club by posing as the bartender. There, she recognizes a man who murdered a friend of hers, and she takes her revenge. Once her cover is blown, Selina dons her Catwoman outfit and fights her way out of the club. It is revealed through Selina's inner monologue that she and Batman are lovers, and the premiere issue ends with the first sex scene between the two.[40] Her revised origin in Catwoman (vol. 4) #0 draws from Batman Returns.
Catwoman is later confronted by
In the Earth-Two continuity, Selina Kyle and Bruce Wayne are married, and their daughter, Helena Wayne, is that universe's Robin. In this universe, either Selina has reformed or was never a supervillain in the first place. It is revealed in issue #0 of Worlds' Finest that this Selina was killed while trying to stop what she believed was a human trade ring.
Keeper of the Castle and Inheritance
From 2014 to 2015, science fiction writer Genevieve Valentine took over the series and penned a 10-issue story arc focused on Selina Kyle's reign as a Gotham City crime boss. Following events from Batman Eternal and preceding those in Batman #28, Selina takes over control of the Calabrese crime family, after being revealed as the daughter of Rex Calabrese.[43] During this time she stops wearing the Catwoman costume, prompting Eiko Hasigawa, heir to the rival Hasigawa family, to replace her in the role.[6]
The women confront each other several times, discussing Eiko's motivations to dress as Catwoman and whether Selina's plans for Gotham and the families are worth the sacrifices required. During one of their encounters, Selina and Eiko kiss, establishing their relationship as a romantic one.
DC Universe
In June 2016, the DC Rebirth event again relaunched DC Comics' entire line of superhero comic book titles with partial revisions of their characters' fictional histories. Catwoman assumes a prominent role in the third volume of Batman. In December 2017, DC Comics ended the DC Rebirth branding, opting to include everything under a larger DC Universe banner and naming, and Catwoman continues to be featured in the third volume of Batman. The series reveals Selina Kyle's origin through a series of flashbacks and letters exchanged between her and Bruce. Selina's parents died when she was young, and she hardly remembers them. She is sent to the Thomas and Martha Wayne Home For the Boys and Girls of Gotham, and even after being placed in various foster homes, Selina would escape to return to the orphanage.
Eventually, Selina takes on the Catwoman persona. During one of her heists, she is approached by the Kite Man to aide the Joker in a gang war against the Riddler, which she refuses. She later aides Batman, with whom she already has a romantic relationship, to spy on the Joker. She is shot from a window, but is unharmed. At some point in the future, her childhood orphanage is bombed by a terrorist group called the Dogs of War. Batman reluctantly arrests Catwoman after all 237 of them are killed, despite Catwoman's insistence on her guilt.
Catwoman's first appearance following the start of DC Rebirth is in Batman (vol. 3) #9, where she is revealed to be imprisoned in Arkham Asylum for the alleged murders of the Dogs of War. Batman is determined to prove her innocence, and makes a deal with Amanda Waller to get her off death row in exchange for her help on a mission to Santa Prisca. The mission to find the Psycho-Pirate is a success, and Batman and Catwoman return to Gotham City. Before Batman can return her to custody, she escapes. Batman investigates the murders of the terrorists that she has been charged with, and deduces that it was in fact Holly Robinson who committed the murders after the terrorists burned down the orphanage she and Selina were raised in. After being attacked by Holly Robinson, Batman is rescued by Catwoman.
Bruce proposes to Selina at the end of Batman (vol. 3) #24.[44] In issue #32, Selina asks Bruce to propose to her again, to which she says, "Yes".[45] The two leave Gotham for Khadym to where Holly Robinson has fled to in order to clear Selina's name, ultimately facing Talia al Ghul.
Batman Annual (vol. 3) #2 (January 2018) centers on a romantic storyline between Batman and Catwoman, beginning with their initial meetings and acceptance of their shared mutual attraction towards one and another. Towards the end, the story is flash-forwarded to the future, in which Bruce Wayne and Selina Kyle are a married couple in their golden years. Bruce receives a terminal medical diagnosis, and Selina cares for him until his death.[45]
On the day of their wedding, Selina decides to call off the wedding as she realises that marrying Bruce would ultimately take away what makes him Batman. This is later revealed to be due to the manipulations of Holly under the instructions of Bane as to finally break Batman of both spirit and will.[46] Subsequently, Selina leaves Gotham and starts a new life in the city of Villa Hermosa, California (Catwoman (vol. 5) #1). She faces opposition from the power-hungry Creel family who run Villa Hermosa, specifically First Lady Raina Creel.
She reappears in the "City of Bane" storyline, reuniting with Bruce following his defeat against both Bane and his father Thomas Wayne from the Flashpoint reality.[47] They proceed to go to Paris for Bruce to recover, before going to disrupt a shipment of Venom under the jurisdiction of Bane's lieutenant, the Magpie. During this, they reconcile and finally determine when they actually first met (Batman believed it to be on a boat when they first met under their alter-egos; whilst Catwoman believed it to be in the streets as their true identities, reminiscent of their meeting in Batman: Year One).[48] They subsequently go back to Gotham and defeat all of Batman's enemies who had sided with Bane before taking on and defeating Bane himself, at which point the two are taken by Thomas who, in an attempt to finally break Bruce's spirit, shows him the corpse of the recently murdered Alfred.[49][50] However, both Bruce and Selina then defeat Thomas utilizing both Scarface and the Psycho-Pirate.[51]
Romantic relationships
Batman
Although Catwoman has been historically portrayed as a supervillain, Batman and Catwoman have worked together in achieving common goals and are frequently depicted as having a romantic relationship. Batman has had many romantic relationships with female characters throughout the years, but while these relationships tend to be short in duration, Batman's attraction to Catwoman is present in nearly every version and medium in which the characters appear.
In an early 1980s storyline, Selina and Bruce develop a relationship, in which the closing panel of the final story shows her referring to Batman as "Bruce". However, a change in the editorial team brought a swift end to that storyline and, apparently, all that transpired during that story arc.
Bruce Wayne and Selina Kyle (out of costume) develop a relationship during Batman: The Long Halloween. The story sees Selina saving Bruce from Poison Ivy. However, the relationship ends on the Fourth of July when Bruce rejects her advances twice; once as Bruce and once as Batman. In Batman: Dark Victory, he stands her up on two holidays, causing her to leave him for good and to leave Gotham City for a while.
When the two meet at an opera many years later, during the events of the 12-issue story arc called Batman: Hush, Bruce comments that the two no longer have a relationship as Bruce and Selina. However, Hush sees Batman and Catwoman teaming up as allies against the entire rogues gallery and rekindling their romantic relationship. In Hush, Batman reveals his true identity to Catwoman.
After the introduction of DC Comics'
Batman and Catwoman are shown having a sexual encounter on top of a building in Catwoman (vol. 4) #1 (Nov. 2011), and the same issue implies that the two have an ongoing sexual relationship.[40]
Following the DC Rebirth continuity reboot, the two once again have a sexual encounter on a rooftop.
Others
Prior to the New 52 line-wide revision and relaunch of DC Comics superhero titles and characters, Selina had a relationship with Slam Bradley Jr., and she named him as the father of her daughter Helena. However, the father may still have been Bruce Wayne.
In February 2015, a storyline by writer Genevieve Valentine shows Selina kissing fellow Catwoman Eiko Hasigawa.[56]
Equipment
Weapons
During the Silver Age, Catwoman, like most Batman villains, used a variety of themed weapons, vehicles, and equipment, such as a custom cat-themed car called the "Cat-illac". This usage also appeared in the 1960s Batman television series. In her Post-Crisis appearances, Catwoman's favored weapon is a whip. She wields both a standard bullwhip and a cat o' nine tails with expert proficiency. She uses the whip because it is a weapon that the user must be trained to use, and therefore it can not be taken from her and used against her in a confrontation. She can also be seen using a pistol against people if her whip is taken from her. Catwoman uses caltrops as an anti-personnel weapon and bolas to entangle opponents at a distance.
Catwoman has also been shown to have various items to restrain her victims, such as rope for binding hands and feet, and a roll of duct tape used to gag her targets, as she has done with various victims during her robberies over the years. Often, especially in the TV series, she uses sleeping gas or knockout darts to subdue victims. Catwoman's attractiveness and feminine wiles have also allowed her to take advantage of male opponents.
Costume
Catwoman, in her first appearance, wore no costume or disguise at all. It was not until her next appearance that she donned a mask, which was a theatrically face-covering cat-mask that had the appearance of a real cat, rather than a more stylized face mask seen in her later incarnations. Later, she wore a dress with a hood that came with ears, and still later, a catsuit with attached boots and either a domino or glasses-mask.
In the 1960s, Catwoman's catsuit was green, which was typical of villains of that era. In the 1990s, she usually wore a mostly purple, skintight catsuit before switching to a black catsuit similar to Michelle Pfeiffer's costume in Batman Returns, except not haphazardly stitched together.
In recent years, artists have typically depicted Catwoman in some variation of a tight, black bodysuit. Ed Brubaker, the writer behind the 2001 revamp of the character, has stated that Selina's current costume was inspired by Emma Peel's iconic leather catsuit in The Avengers television series.[57] It has a more high tech look, with domino-shaped infrared goggles on her cowl. Many of her costumes have incorporated retractable metal claws on the fingertips of her gloves and sometimes on the toes of her boots. On rare occasions, she has also sported a cat's tail.
On May 21, 2018, DC Comics unveiled Selina's revamped Catwoman costume designed by comic book writer and artist Joëlle Jones. The new costume is black with openings under her arms and shoulders for mobility along with reinforcement in the middle. Gone are the goggles in favor of a cowl and sleeker, more stylish gloves and boots. Jones, who had been drawing the covers and interior art for DC Rebirth's Batman was announced as the writer and artist of a new solo Catwoman series (volume 5).[58]
Holly Robinson uses the same costume Selina used prior to Infinite Crisis.
Other versions
Earth-Two
In the 1970s comics, the Catwoman of
The Earth-Two/Golden Age Selina Kyle eventually dies in the late 1970s after being blackmailed by her former underling "Silky" Cernak into going into action again as Catwoman, as shown in DC Super-Stars #17 (December 1977). She was killed when Cernak henchman's gun went off and hit her on the chest enough for her to fall from the fourth floor mezzanine. She died in Bruce's arms claiming "I did it all for you". This incident led to Helena Wayne becoming Huntress and bringing Cernak to justice.[60]
The Dark Knight Returns
Selina Kyle appears as an aging and somewhat overweight madam in Frank Miller's
Prose books
Two 1990s prose books feature Catwoman: The Further Adventures of Batman: Volume 3 featuring Catwoman,[62] a short story anthology with stories written by various authors, and Catwoman: Tiger Hunt, a novel.[63] Both books feature a Batman: Year One-influenced Catwoman who wears a gray cat costume and was once a prostitute.
Kingdom Come
Catwoman also made a small cameo in
Batman: Digital Justice
In the all-digital graphic novel Batman: Digital Justice, which is set some time in the future long after the original Batman has died, Sheila Romero, also known as the hit pop music star Gata (the Spanish female noun for "cat") and daughter of the Mayor of Gotham City, is jealous of the new Batman, James Gordon, because media coverage of his activities have been cutting into her airtime. Setting out to learn as much about Batman and his enemies as she can, Gata becomes the new Catwoman. Near the end of the story, Gata and her followers face off against Batman, but the two later fall in love, and Maria Romero, also known as Madame X, tells Sheila that she is really a clone of Maria. Maria confesses that she had planned to transplant her brain into Gata's body, but she could not bring herself to do it because she loved her "daughter" too much. Maria then dies in Sheila's arms.
Elseworlds
- In the Elseworlds tale Catwoman: Guardian of Gotham,[65] Selina Kyle is the daughter of millionaires Thomas and Martha Kyle. Walking home after seeing the film Cat People, the young Selina chases after an alley cat and watches in horror as her parents are gunned down by a robber. Selina learns that the crook has stolen a ring she found in a Cracker Jack box and had given to her mother. Years later she becomes Catwoman, the defender of Gotham City, operating out of a Catcave beneath Kyle Manor, aided by a young maid named Brooks (this universe's version of Alfred Pennyworth). Her major enemy is a psychopathic criminal named Batman, who beats her entire rogues gallery half-to-death just to get rid of the competition.[66]
- In the Elseworlds tale African-American Selina Kyle is a murdered owner of the bankrupt Kit Kat Club who was blackmailing many of the city's most powerful figures. She is nicknamed "the Catwoman".[67]
- In the Elseworlds tale Batman/Tarzan: Claws of the Cat-woman, set in the 1930s, explorer and adventurer Finnegan Dent is revealed to be stealing the sacred artifacts of an African tribe. During an encounter with Batman and Tarzan, a female thief, dressed as a cat, is revealed to be the princess of the tribe, as well as the priestess of its cat-cult, trying to reclaim the artifacts.[68]
- In the Elseworlds tale Deadman, with Batgirl and Robin's spirits appearing to forgive their mentor for his failure to save them before he returns to life.[71]
- In the Elseworlds tale Star Sapphire (Selina) and Binary Star (Harvey) team with Sinestro to take out Green Lantern, but are stopped.[72]
Batman: Bloodstorm
In Batman: Bloodstorm, the first of two sequels to Batman & Dracula: Red Rain, where Batman was forced to become a vampire to save Gotham from an attack by Dracula, Selina is turned into a werecat after being bitten by one of the remaining vampires. Hunting for the monster that transformed her, Selina encounters Batman as he hunts for the remaining vampires, the two subsequently joining forces to eliminate the vampire horde. As they fight together, Batman finds that Selina's selfless love for him allows him to control his thirst for blood that had begun to consume him. She sacrifices herself to save him from the Joker, who had become the leader of the remaining vampires after Dracula's death, taking a crossbow bolt to the heart that the Joker had fired at Batman. Batman's grief and rage over her death causes him to finally lose control of his bloodlust as he drinks the Joker's blood. In the second and final sequel, Batman: Crimson Mist, the corrupted Batman reflects grimly that he can no longer understand Selina's noble sacrifice after his psyche has become increasingly corrupted by his surrender to his vampire side.
Thrillkiller
In
Dark Allegiances
In Howard Chaykin's Dark Allegiances, Selina Kyle becomes a film star under the stage name of Kitty Grimalkin. Prior to becoming a star, she was an alcoholic whose actions during one of her "blackouts" were recorded into an underground porn film. The stills from the film are used to blackmail her into stealing information from Wayne Enterprises.
Batman: Shadow of the Bat
In Alan Grant's Batman: Shadow of the Bat Annual #2, Vikki Vale, a reporter for Wayne Media, is Catwoman. She is hired by Anarky to steal information, but she gets caught and is tortured by Jonathan Crane, whom she calls a "demented scarecrow".
All Star Batman and Robin the Boy Wonder
In Frank Miller's
Batman: Two Faces
In
Batman: Leatherwing
In Detective Comics Annual #7 ("Batman: Leatherwing") by Chuck Dixon, set in the 18th century Caribbean, Capitana Felina is a Spanish Contessa turned pirate, who rails against the chauvinism of her own crew. She initially teams up with the Laughing Man (the Joker) against the English freebooter Captain Leatherwing (Batman), before turning to Leatherwing's side, and eventually marrying him.
Batman Beyond
A futuristic Catwoman appears in the
Flashpoint
In the alternate timeline of the Flashpoint event, Selina Kyle becomes the Oracle, having been apparently paralyzed under unspecified circumstances.[80]
Batman: Earth One
In the second volume of the Batman: Earth One graphic novel series, Selena Kyle appears and helps Batman tending his wounds after chasing the Riddler, pretending to be a single mother who lives in the apartment building where he was injured. Batman later discovers that she is neither the apartment's tenant or a mother, but a burglar who was robbing the building at the time.
Scooby-Doo Team-Up
During a crossover with the cast of Scooby-Doo, Catwoman poses as a ghost in order to con Harley and Ivy out of the Opal of Isis, a rare artifact. After the members of Mystery, Inc. unravel her scam, Catwoman tries to flee with the opal. She is soon found bound and gagged, with Batgirl having managed to defeat her and reclaim the opal off-screen.[81]
Injustice: Gods Among Us
In the Injustice universe (based on the video game of the same name), Catwoman is a co-founder of the Insurgency resistance with Batman, which was formed after the death of Dick Grayson. Though Selina supports Batman for five years, she eventually joins the Regime after losing hope that the Regime could truly be stopped. After Superman's defeat, she rejoins Batman's side and acts as his mole for Gorilla Grodd's new supervillain team, the Society.
Earth 2
In 2011, The New 52 revised and relaunched DC Comics superhero titles, including revisions to the alternate-universe stories and characters of "Earth-Two"—renamed "Earth-2". The Earth 2 version of Catwoman is married to Batman and is the mother of Helena Wayne. Catwoman trained her daughter in crimefighting so that she can one day aid her father, who is busy protecting the world from bigger threats. Batman found out about the outing and got angry, only for Catwoman to calm him down and kiss him. Helena later came to her father's aid and found that soldiers from another world killed Catwoman as Batman mourns her death.[82]
Batman '89
In 2021, DC announced that it would be releasing a comic book continuation of
In other media
Catwoman made her live-action debut in the 1966 Batman television series, portrayed by Julie Newmar; she was also portrayed by Lee Meriwether in the film adaptation and Eartha Kitt in the third season. The character later appeared in Tim Burton's Batman Returns, portrayed by Michelle Pfeiffer. A solo Catwoman film was released in 2004 in which she was portrayed by Halle Berry. Anne Hathaway portrayed the character in Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight Rises. She was voiced by Zoë Kravitz in the 2017 animated film the Lego Batman Movie, and in 2022, she portrayed the character in Matt Reeves' live-action film The Batman. Catwoman has also appeared in the television series Gotham (2014–2019), in which she was portrayed by Camren Bicondova and Lili Simmons (adult).
Reception
Catwoman was ranked 11th on IGN's "Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time" list,[7] and 51st on Wizard magazine's "100 Greatest Villains of All Time" list.[8] Conversely, she was ranked 20th on IGN's "Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time" list,[9] as well as 23rd in Comics Buyer's Guide's "100 Sexiest Women in Comics" list.[84]
Bibliography
List of Catwoman titles
- Catwoman (miniseries) #1–4 (1989)
- Catwoman: Defiant (1992)
- Materiał From Showcase '93 #1–4 (1993)
- Materiał From Showcase '95 #4 (1995)
- Catwoman (vol. 2) #1–94 (1993–2001)
- Catwoman (vol. 2) #0 (1994)
- Catwoman #1,000,000 (1998)
- Catwoman Annual #1–4 (1994–1997)
- Catwoman/Vampirella: The Furies (1997)
- Catwoman Plus/Scream Queen #1 (1997) (with Scream Queen)
- Catwoman/Wildcat #1–4 (1998)
- Catwoman: Guardian of Gotham #1–2 (1999)
- Catwoman (vol. 3) #1–83 (2002–2008, 2010)
- Catwoman: Secret Files and Origins #1 (2003)
- Catwoman: When in Rome #1–6 (2004)
- Batman/Catwoman: Trail of the Gun #1–2 (2004)
- Gotham City Sirens #1–26 (2009–2011) (Catwoman co-stars in the title alongside Poison Ivy and Harley Quinn)
- Catwoman (vol. 4) #1–52 (2011–2016)
- Catwoman (vol. 4) #0
- Catwoman: Futures End #1
- Catwoman Annual (vol. 2) #1–2 (2013 and 2014)
- Catwoman (vol. 5) #1–ongoing (2018–present)
- Catwoman Annual (vol. 3) #1 (2019)
- Catwoman: Lonely City #1–4 (2021–2022)
Novels
- Catwoman: Tiger Hunt, ISBN 978-0-446-36043-2
Graphic novels
- Catwoman: Selina's Big Score, DC Comics, ISBN 978-1-56389-897-6(HC, July 2002)
Collected editions
Title | Material collected | Publication date | ISBN | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Catwoman | ||||
Catwoman: Her Sister's Keeper | Catwoman #1–4 | May 1991 | 978-0-930289-97-3 | |
Catwoman (vol. 2) | ||||
Catwoman by Jim Balent Book One | Catwoman (vol. 2) #1–13 | September 2017 | 978-1401273637 | |
Catwoman by Jim Balent Book Two | Catwoman (vol. 2) #14–24, #0; Catwoman Annual #2; material from Showcase '95 #4 | March 2019 | 978-1401288204 | |
Catwoman: The Catfile | Catwoman (vol. 2) #15–19 | April 1996 | 978-1-56389-262-2 | |
Catwoman: When in Rome | Catwoman: When in Rome #1–6 | June 2007 December 2005 |
SC: 978-1-4012-0717-5 HC: 978-1-4012-0432-7 | |
Catwoman: Nine Lives of a Feline Fatale | Catwoman (vol. 2) #54; Catwoman: Secret Files and Origins #1; Batman: Gotham Adventures #4; Detective Comics #203; Superman's Girl Friend, Lois Lane #70–71
|
July 2004 | 978-1-4012-0213-2 | |
Catwoman: The Movie and Other Cat Tales | Catwoman: The Movie Adaptation; Catwoman #0; Catwoman (vol. 2) #11, 25 | August 2004 | 978-1-84023-991-1 | |
Catwoman (vol. 3) old editions | ||||
Catwoman Vol. 1: Dark End of the Street | Catwoman (vol. 3) #1–4; back-up stories from Detective Comics #759–762 | September 2002 | 978-1-56389-908-9 | |
Catwoman Vol. 2: Crooked Little Town | Catwoman (vol. 3) #5–10; Catwoman: Secret Files and Origins #1 | December 2003 | 978-1-4012-0008-4 | |
Catwoman Vol. 3: Relentless | Catwoman (vol. 3) #12–19; Catwoman: Secret Files and Origins #1 | February 2005 | 978-1-4012-0218-7 | |
Catwoman Vol. 4: Wild Ride | Catwoman (vol. 3) #20–24; Catwoman: Secret Files and Origins #1 | September 2005 | 978-1-4012-0436-5 | |
Catwoman Vol. 5: The Replacements | Catwoman (vol. 3) #53–58 | February 2007 | 978-1-4012-1213-1 | |
Catwoman Vol. 6: It's Only a Movie | Catwoman (vol. 3) #59–65 | August 2007 | 978-1-4012-1337-4 | |
Catwoman Vol. 7: Catwoman Dies | Catwoman (vol. 3) #66–72 | February 2008 | 978-1-4012-1643-6 | |
Catwoman Vol. 8: Crime Pays | Catwoman (vol. 3) #73–77 | October 2008 | 978-1-4012-1929-1 | |
Catwoman Vol. 9: The Long Road Home | Catwoman (vol. 3) #78–82 | March 2009 | 978-1-4012-2168-3 | |
Catwoman (vol. 3) new editions | ||||
Catwoman Vol. 1: Trail of the Catwoman | Catwoman: Selina's Big Score, back-up stories from Detective Comics #759–762, and Catwoman (vol. 3) #1–9 | January 2012 | 978-1-4012-3384-6 | |
Catwoman Vol. 2: No Easy Way Down | Catwoman (vol. 3) #10–24, Catwoman: Secret Files and Origins #1 | June 2013 | 978-1-4012-4037-0 | |
Catwoman Vol. 3: Under Pressure | Catwoman (vol. 3) #25–37 | March 2014 | 978-1-4012-4592-4 | |
Catwoman Vol. 4: The One You Love | Catwoman (vol. 3) #38–49 | December 2015 | 978-1-4012-5832-0 | |
Catwoman Vol. 5: Backward Masking | Catwoman (vol. 3) #50–65 | May 2016 | 978-1401260736 | |
Catwoman Vol. 6: Final Jeopardy | Catwoman (vol. 3) #66–82 | January 2017 | 978-1401265588 | |
Catwoman of East End Omnibus | Catwoman (vol. 3) Detective Comics #759-762; Catwoman #1-37; Catwoman Secret Files #1; Catwoman: Selina's Big Score #1 | June 2022 | 978-1779515032 | |
Gotham City Sirens old editions | ||||
Gotham City Sirens Vol. 1: Union | Gotham City Sirens #1–7 | April 2010 | 978-1-4012-2570-4 | |
Gotham City Sirens Vol. 2: Songs of the Sirens | Gotham City Sirens #8–13, Catwoman (vol. 3) #83 | November 2010 | 978-1-4012-2907-8 | |
Gotham City Sirens Vol. 3: Strange Fruit | Gotham City Sirens #14–19 | August 2011 | 978-1-4012-3137-8 | |
Gotham City Sirens Vol. 4: Division | Gotham City Sirens #20–26 | March 2012 | 978-1-4012-3393-8 | |
Gotham City Sirens new editions | ||||
Gotham City Sirens Book 1 | Gotham City Sirens #1–13 | October 2014 | 978-1401251758 | |
Gotham City Sirens Book 2 | Gotham City Sirens #14–26 | May 2015 | 978-1401254124 | |
Harley Quinn & The Gotham City Sirens Omnibus | Gotham City Sirens #1–26 and Catwoman #83 | September 2022 | 978-1779516763 | |
Catwoman (vol. 4) | ||||
Catwoman Vol. 1: The Game | Catwoman (vol. 4) #1–6 | May 2012 | 978-1-4012-3464-5 | |
Catwoman Vol. 2: Dollhouse | Catwoman (vol. 4) #7–12 | February 2013 | 978-1-4012-3839-1 | |
Catwoman Vol. 3: Death of the Family | Catwoman (vol. 4) #0, 13–18; a story from Young Romance #1 | October 2013 | 978-1-4012-4272-5 | |
Catwoman Vol. 4: Gotham Underground | Catwoman (vol. 4) #19–24, 26, Annual (vol. 2) #1 and Batman: The Dark Knight #23.4 - Joker's Daughter | May 2014 | 978-1-4012-4627-3 | |
Catwoman Vol. 5: Race of Thieves | Catwoman (vol. 4) #25, 27–34 and Catwoman: Futures End #1 | November 2014 | 978-1-4012-5063-8 | |
Catwoman Vol. 6: The Keeper of the Castle | Catwoman (vol. 4) #35–40 and Annual (vol. 2) #2 | July 2015 | 978-1-4012-5469-8 | |
Catwoman Vol. 7: lnheritance | Catwoman (vol. 4) #41–46 | February 2016 | 978-1-4012-6118-4 | |
Catwoman Vol. 8: Run Like Hell | Catwoman (vol. 4) #47–52 | October 2016 | 978-1401264864 | |
Catwoman (vol. 5) | ||||
Catwoman Vol. 1: Copycats | Catwoman (vol. 5) #1–6 | April 2019 | 978-1-4012-8889-1 | |
Catwoman Vol. 2: Far from Gotham | Catwoman (vol. 5) #7–13 and Catwoman Annual (vol. 3) #1 | September 2019 | 978-1401294779 | |
Catwoman Vol. 3: Friend of Foe? | Catwoman (vol. 5) #16–21 | June 2020 | 978-1401299767 | |
Catwoman Vol. 4: Come Home, Alley Cat | Catwoman (vol. 5) #14-15, 22-28 and Catwoman 80th Anniversary 100 page Super Spectacular | February 2021 | 978-1779504517 | |
Catwoman Vol. 5: Valley of the Shadow of Death | Catwoman (vol. 5) #29–32 and Catwoman 2021 Annual | November 2021 | 978-1779512635 | |
Catwoman Vol. 6: Fear State | Catwoman (vol. 5) #34–38 | July 2022 | 978-1779515292 | |
Catwoman Vol. 1: Dangerous Liaisons | Catwoman (vol. 5) #39–44 | November 2022 | 978-1779517289 | |
Catwoman Vol. 2: Cat International | Catwoman (vol. 5) #45-50 | May 2023 | 978-1779520326 |
Other collected editions
- Batman: Knightfall Vol. 2: Knightquest (Catwoman (vol. 2) #6–7)
- Batman: Knightfall Vol. 3: KnightsEnd (Catwoman (vol. 2) #12–13)
- Batman: Contagion (Catwoman (vol. 2) #31–35)
- Batman: Legacy (Catwoman (vol. 2) #35–36)
- Batman/Wildcat (Catwoman/Wildcat #1-4)
- Batman: Cataclysm (Catwoman (vol. 2) #56)
- Batman: No Man's Land Vol. 2 (Catwoman (vol. 2) #72–74)
- Batman: No Man's Land Vol. 4 (Catwoman (vol. 2) #75–77)
- Batman: New Gotham Vol. 2 – Officer Down (Catwoman (vol. 2) #90)
- Batman: War Games Act 1 (Catwoman (vol. 3) #34)
- Batman: War Games Act 2 (Catwoman (vol. 3) #35)
- Batman: War Games Act 3 (Catwoman (vol. 3) #36)
- Batman: Night of the Owls (Catwoman (vol. 4) #9)
- The Joker: Death of the Family (Catwoman (vol. 4) #13–14)
- DC Comics: Zero Year (Catwoman (vol. 4) #25)
See also
References
- ^ Zalben, Alex (March 28, 2014). "When Is Batman's Birthday, Actually?". New York City: MTV News. Archived from the original on July 26, 2014. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
- ^ Batman Eternal #23 (September 2014)
- ^ Catwoman (vol. 2) #53 (May 2006)
- ISBN 0-02-538700-6. Retrieved March 29, 2020.
- ^ OCLC 213309017.
- ^ a b Houxbois, Emma (December 29, 2014). "Review: Catwoman Annual #2". The Rainbow Hub. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
- ^ a b "Catwoman is Number 11". IGN. 2009. Archived from the original on May 17, 2009.
- ^ a b Wizard #177 (July 2006). p. 88.
- ^ a b "IGN's Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time". IGN. Archived from the original on September 21, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
- ISBN 978-1-56060-016-9.
- ^ Steel, Ruth. "Ruth Steel Interview (Age 96)". YouTube. Archived from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
- ISBN 978-0-8131-2604-3. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
- ^ Kane 1989, pp. 107.
- ^ Kane 1989, pp. 108.
- ^ Kane 1989, pp. 107–108.
- ISBN 978-0-7566-6742-9.
The first issue of Batman's self-titled comic written by Bill Finger and drawn by Bob Kane, represented a milestone in more ways than one. With Robin now a partner to the Caped Crusader, villains needed to rise to the challenge, and this issue introduced two future legends: the Joker and Catwoman.
- ^ The Official Crisis on Infinite Earths Index (March 1986)
- ^ The Official Crisis on Infinite Earths Cross-Over Index (July 1986)
- ^ Cronin, Brian (September 4, 2008). "Comic Book Urban Legends Revealed #171". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on February 29, 2012. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
- ^ a b Catwoman (vol. 2) #0
- ^ Catwoman: Secret Files and Origins #1
- ^ Catwoman (vol. 2) #12
- ^ Catwoman Annual #2 (1995)
- ^ Manning, Matthew K. "1990s" in Dolan, p. 260: "Selina Kyle finally stole the spotlight in her first ongoing series by writer Jo Duffy and artist Jim Balent."
- ^ Gotham City Sirens #1 (June 2009)
- ^ Catwoman (vol. 2) #83 (March 2010)
- ^ Gotham City Sirens #12–13 (July – August 2010)
- ^ Gotham City Sirens #16 (November 2010)
- ^ Gotham City Sirens #17 (December 2010)
- ^ Gotham City Sirens #18 (January 2011)
- ^ Gotham City Sirens #19 (February 2011)
- ^ Batman #695
- ^ Batman #696
- ^ Batman #697
- ^ Batman #704
- ^ Batman Inc. #1
- ^ Gotham City Sirens #24 (June 2011)
- ^ Gotham City Sirens #25 (July 2011)
- ^ Gotham City Sirens #26 (August 2011)
- ^ a b Catwoman (vol. 4) #1 (November 2011)
- ^ Justice League of America (vol. 3) #1
- ^ Justice League of America (vol. 3) #2
- ^ Ruiz, Sara (September 12, 2014). "This Just Happened: Catwoman: Petty Thief Turned Crime Boss?". DC Comics. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
- ^ Batman (vol. 3) #24 (August 2017)
- ^ a b Batman (vol. 3) #32 (December 2017)
- ^ Batman (vol. 3) #50 (July 2018)
- ^ Batman (vol. 3) #75 (July 2019)
- ^ Batman (vol. 3) #76-78 (2019)
- ^ Batman (vol. 3) #79-82 (2019)
- ^ Batman (vol. 3) #83 (November 2019)
- ^ Batman (vol. 3) #85 (December 2019)
- ^ Batman (vol. 3) #14 (March 2017)
- ^ Batman (vol. 3) #32 (December 2017)
- ^ Batman (vol. 3) #50 (December 2017)
- ^ Batman/Catwoman #12 (August 2022)
- ^ Valentine, Genevieve (February 26, 2015). "Catwoman #39: "Better Than He Does Himself"". GeneveiveValentine. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
- ^ "The Man Behind The Cat – Exclusive Interview with Ed Brubaker". Archived from the original on May 28, 2005. Retrieved June 10, 2007.
- ^ "Exclusive: Get a Sneak Peek at Catwoman's New Costume". DC Comics. May 21, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
- ^ The Brave and the Bold #197. DC Comics.
- ^ DC Super-Stars #17. DC Comics.
- ^ a b Batman: The Dark Knight Returns #4
- ISBN 978-0-553-56069-5.
- ISBN 978-0-446-36043-2.
- ^ Kingdom Come #3
- ^ Catwoman: Guardian of Gotham #1
- ^ Catwoman: Guardian of Gotham #2
- ^ Batman: Nine Lives
- ^ Batman/Tarzan: Claws of the Cat-woman #1-4
- ^ JLA: The Nail #1
- ^ JLA: The Nail #2–3
- ^ JLA: Another Nail #2
- ^ Batman: In Darkest Knight
- ^ Batman: Thrillkiller #1–3
- ^ All Star Batman and Robin the Boy Wonder #8
- ^ All Star Batman and Robin the Boy Wonder #10
- ^ Batman Beyond #2 (July 2010)
- ^ Batman Beyond #3 (August 2010)
- ^ Batman Beyond #4 (September 2010)
- ^ Batman Beyond #5 (October 2010)
- ^ Flashpoint: Batman – Knight of Vengeance #2 (July 2011)
- ^ Scooby-Doo Team-Up #23–24
- ^ Worlds' Finest #0. DC Comics.
- ^ Arvedon, Jon (February 17, 2021). "DC Announces Batman '89 and Superman '78 Digital First Series". CBR.com. Archived from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
- ISBN 978-1-4402-2988-6.
External links
- Official website
- Catwoman Through the Years – slideshow by Life magazine
- "Catwoman (of Batman: The Animated Series) from BatmanTAS.com". Archived from the original on March 23, 2012. Retrieved 2005-11-26.
- Catwoman on DC Database, a DC Comics wiki
- "Girls With Gauntlets". Archived from the original on February 18, 2012. Retrieved 2006-01-07. – the influence of Catwoman upon female action heroes of the 1990s
- Moore, Booth (January 24, 2011). "Catching up with the original Catwoman, Julie Newmar". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 24, 2011.