Eisaku Satō
Eisaku Satō | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
佐藤 栄作 | |||||
Prime Minister of Japan | |||||
In office 9 November 1964 – 7 July 1972 | |||||
Monarch | Hirohito | ||||
Preceded by | Hayato Ikeda | ||||
Succeeded by | Kakuei Tanaka | ||||
Member of the House of Representatives | |||||
In office 23 January 1949 – 3 June 1975 | |||||
Constituency | Yamaguchi 2nd | ||||
Personal details | |||||
Born | Tabuse, Yamaguchi, Empire of Japan | 27 March 1901||||
Died | 3 June 1975 Tokyo, Japan | (aged 74)||||
Political party | Liberal Democratic Party (1955–1975) | ||||
Other political affiliations | Liberal Party (1949–1955) | ||||
Spouse |
Hiroko Satō (m. 1926) | ||||
Children | 2, including Shinji | ||||
Relatives | Nobusuke Kishi (brother) Shinzo Abe (grandnephew) Nobuo Kishi (grandnephew) | ||||
Alma mater | Tokyo Imperial University | ||||
Awards | Nobel Peace Prize (1974) | ||||
Signature | |||||
Japanese name | |||||
Shinjitai | 佐藤栄作 | ||||
Kyūjitai | 佐藤榮作 | ||||
Kana | さとう えいさく | ||||
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Eisaku Satō (佐藤 栄作, Satō Eisaku, 27 March 1901 – 3 June 1975) was a Japanese politician who served as
Satō entered the National Diet in 1949 as a member of the Liberal Party. Gradually rising through the ranks of Japanese politics, he held a series of cabinet positions. In 1964 he succeeded Hayato Ikeda as prime minister, becoming the first prime minister to have been born in the 20th century.
As prime minister, Satō presided over a period of rapid economic growth. He arranged for the formal return of
Early life
Satō was born on 27 March 1901, in
Satō studied
Satō entered the
He served as Minister of
After the Liberal Party merged with the
Satō also served in the cabinets of Kishi's successor as prime minister,
Prime minister
Satō succeeded Ikeda after the latter resigned due to ill health.
After three terms as prime minister, Satō decided not to run for a fourth. His heir apparent, Takeo Fukuda, won the Sato faction's support in the subsequent Diet elections, but the more popular MITI minister, Kakuei Tanaka, won the vote, ending the Satō faction's dominance.
Relations with China and Taiwan
Satō is the last Prime minister of Japan to visit
Relations with South Korea
On 22 June 1965, the Satō government and South Korea under Park Chung Hee signed the Treaty on Basic Relations Between Japan and the Republic of Korea, which normalized relations between Japan and South Korea for the first time. Relations with Japan had previously not been officially established since Korea's decolonization and division at the end of World War II.
Nuclear affairs
In the 1960s Sato argued that Japan needed nuclear weapons to match those of China, but the United States opposed such. The Johnson administration pressed Japan to sign the
Satō introduced the
However, recent inquiries show that behind the scenes, Satō was more accommodating towards US plans of stationing nuclear weapons on Japanese soil. In December 2008, the Japanese government declassified a document showing that during a visit to the US in January 1965, he was discussing with US officials the possibility of using nuclear weapons against the
Okinawa issues
Since the end of the
In 1969, Satō struck a deal with U.S. president
Relations with Southeast Asia
During Satō's term, Japan participated in the creation of the Asian Development Bank in 1966 and held a ministerial level conference on Southeast Asian economic development.[12] It was the first international conference sponsored by the Japanese government in the postwar period. In 1967, he was also the first Japanese prime minister to visit Singapore. He was largely supportive of the South Vietnamese government throughout the Vietnam War.
Later life
Satō shared the
Death
While at a restaurant on 19 May 1975, Satō suffered a massive stroke, resulting in a coma. He died at 12:55 a.m. on 3 June at the Jikei University Medical Center, aged 74. After a public funeral, his ashes were buried in the family cemetery at Tabuse.
Satō was posthumously honored with the Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum, the highest honor in the Japanese honors system.
Personal life
Satō married Hiroko Matsuoka (
In a 1969 Shukan Asahi interview with novelist
Honours
Satō received the following awards:
- Golden Pheasant Award of the Scout Association of Japan (1970)[17]
- Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum (3 November 1972)
- Nobel Peace Prize (12 May 1974)[3]
- Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum (3 June 1975; posthumous)
- Junior First Rank (3 June 1975)
Foreign honours
- Spain: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic (23 February 1965)[18]
- Malaysia: Honorary Grand Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (S.M.N.) (1967)[19]
- Singapore: The Order of Temasek (25 September 1967)[20]
- Mexico: Sash of the Order of the Aztec Eagle (9 March 1972)
- Paraguay: Grand Cross of National Order of Merit (5 April 1972)
- South Korea: Order of Diplomatic Service Merit (1969)[21]
- Laos: Order of the Million Elephants and the White Parasol (1966)
See also
- List of Japanese Nobel laureates
- List of Nobel laureates affiliated with the University of Tokyo
References
- OCLC 20260847.
- ISBN 9780839210573.
- ^ a b c "The Nobel Peace Prize 1974". Nobel Prize. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
- ISBN 978-0674984424.
- ^ Feilier. Learning to Bow. Page 80
- ^ MacMillan. Nixon and Mao: The Week that Changed the World
- ^ "Imagine This: Japan Builds Nuclear Weapons". 25 May 2019.
- ^ "Editorial: The U.S. nuclear umbrella, past and future". Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
- ^ "Document on secret Japan-U.S. nuclear pact kept by ex-PM Sato's family". Archived from the original on 17 October 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
- ^ Ambrose. The Rise to Globalism. Page 235
- ^ Hoshiro, Hiroyuki (7 May 2007). "Postwar Japanese and Southeast Asian History - A New Viewpoint". Research and Information Center for Asian Studies. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
- ^ "Eisaku Sato". Nobel Prize. The Norwegian Nobel Institute. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
- ^ Pace, Eric (14 October 1990). "Le Duc Tho, Top Hanoi Aide, Dies at 79". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
- ^ "The Wife Tells All". Time. 10 January 1969. Archived from the original on 17 December 2007. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
- ^ "1986 dual elections offer clue to Abe's plans".
- ^ 䝪䞊䜲䝇䜹䜴䝖日本連盟 きじ章受章者 [Recipient of the Golden Pheasant Award of the Scout Association of Japan] (PDF). Reinanzaka Scout Club (in Japanese). 23 May 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 August 2020.
- ^ "Boletín Oficial del Estado" (PDF).
- ^ "Semakan Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat". Archived from the original on 19 July 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
- ^ "Indonesia President Yudhoyono Conferred The Singapore Order of Temasek (First Class)". 11 September 2014.
- ^ South Korean Government Decorated 12 Japanese Extreme Right Figures
Further reading
- Dufourmont, Eddy (2008). "Satō Eisaku, Yasuoka Masahiro and the Re-Establishment of 11 February as National Day: the Political Use of National Memory in Postwar Japan". In Wolfgang Schwentker and Sven Saaler ed., The Power of Memory in Modern Japan, Brill, pp. 204–222. ISBN 978-19-05-24638-0
- Edström Bert (1999). Japan's Evolving Foreign Policy Doctrine: From Yoshida to Miyazawa. Palgrave Macmillan. Chapter 5: "The Cautious and Discreet Prime Minister: Satō Eisaku". ISBN 978-1-349-27303-4
- Hattori, Ryuji (2020). Eisaku Sato, Japanese Prime Minister, 1964-72: Okinawa, Foreign Relations, Domestic Politics and the Nobel Prize. Routledge. ISBN 978-1003083306
- Hoey, Fintan (2015). Satō, America and the Cold War: US-Japanese Relations, 1964–72. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-45763-9
- Kapur, Nick (2018). "The Empire Strikes Back? The 1968 Meiji Centennial Celebrations and the Revival of Japanese Nationalism". Japanese Studies 38:3. pp. 305–328.
- Tsuda, Taro (2019). Satō Eisaku and the Establishment of Single-Party Rule in Postwar Japan[permanent dead link]. PhD dissertation. Harvard University.
External links
- Film Footage of Eisaku Sato's State Visit to Washington DC Archived 26 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- Eisaku Satō on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture 11 December 1974 The Pursuit of Peace and Japan in the Nuclear Ageää
- Satō Eisaku EB article
- Japanese government home page
- Brief summary of the debate around Eiskau Sato's Nobel Prize at OpenLearn Archived 7 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine