Eisenstadt
Eisenstadt | ||
---|---|---|
Clockwise from top: aerial view of the city, state government building, Schloss Esterházy, calvary with Bergkirche | ||
Postal code 7000 | ||
Area code | 02682 | |
Vehicle registration | E | |
Budget | €42.256 million (2021)[3] | |
Expenditure | €42.255 million (2021)[4] | |
Website | www.eisenstadt.gv.at |
Eisenstadt (German pronunciation:
From 1648 to 1921, Kismarton/Eisenstadt was part of the
Geography
Eisenstadt lies on a plain leading down to the river Wulka, at the southern foot of the Leitha Mountains, about 12 kilometres (7 miles) from the Hungarian border.
Subdivisions
Eisenstadt is divided into three districts (Ortsteile):
- Eisenstadt-Stadt (Eisenstadt proper)
- Kleinhöflein im Burgenland (Hungarian: Kishöflány; Croatian: Mala Holovajna) – a town that lies to the west of Eisenstadt proper
- St. Georgen am Leithagebirge (Lajtaszentgyörgy; Svetojurje) – a town that lies to the east of Eisenstadt proper
Furthermore, Eisenstadt is divided into five
- Eisenstadt-Stadt
- Oberberg, or Oberberg-Eisenstadt (Hungarian: Felsőkismartonhegy; Croatian: Željezno Brig) – the northern area of Eisenstadt starting beyond the Jewish quarter
- Unterberg, or Unterberg-Eisenstadt (Alsókismartonhegy; Željezno Donji Brig) – the southern area of Eisenstadt starting beyond the Kalvarienbergplatz & the Ruster Straße and including the Jewish quarter
- Kleinhöflein im Burgenland
- St. Georgen am Leithagebirge
Other informal areas of the city include Wiesäcker and Lobäcker, which lie south of the Eisbach, a tributary of the Wulka. The city is surrounded by the
The city previously included the districts (Ortsteile) of Eisenstadt-Stadt, Eisenstadt-Oberberg, Eisenstadt-Unterberg, and Eisenstadt-Schloßgrund (Kismartonváralja).
Nearby municipalities
- Großhöflein, Müllendorf, Steinbrunn, Neufeld/Leitha and Ebenfurth
- Hornstein
- Wulkaprodersdorf, Trausdorf/Wulka (on the Wulka and Eisbach)
Climate
Climate data for Eisenstadt (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 20.5 (68.9) |
21.1 (70.0) |
24.1 (75.4) |
27.2 (81.0) |
33.2 (91.8) |
36.1 (97.0) |
38.7 (101.7) |
38.4 (101.1) |
33.7 (92.7) |
28.0 (82.4) |
21.9 (71.4) |
19.8 (67.6) |
38.7 (101.7) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.1 (37.6) |
5.3 (41.5) |
10.4 (50.7) |
16.1 (61.0) |
21.1 (70.0) |
24.0 (75.2) |
26.7 (80.1) |
26.1 (79.0) |
20.9 (69.6) |
15.0 (59.0) |
8.3 (46.9) |
3.5 (38.3) |
15.0 (59.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.1 (31.8) |
1.3 (34.3) |
5.5 (41.9) |
10.7 (51.3) |
15.7 (60.3) |
18.8 (65.8) |
21.0 (69.8) |
20.2 (68.4) |
15.5 (59.9) |
10.2 (50.4) |
4.9 (40.8) |
0.8 (33.4) |
10.4 (50.7) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.8 (27.0) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
1.8 (35.2) |
6.0 (42.8) |
10.5 (50.9) |
13.7 (56.7) |
15.7 (60.3) |
15.5 (59.9) |
11.5 (52.7) |
6.9 (44.4) |
2.3 (36.1) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
6.5 (43.7) |
Record low °C (°F) | −21.6 (−6.9) |
−19.8 (−3.6) |
−19.2 (−2.6) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
1.2 (34.2) |
3.7 (38.7) |
6.9 (44.4) |
6.8 (44.2) |
2.1 (35.8) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
−12.3 (9.9) |
−17.8 (0.0) |
−21.6 (−6.9) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 38 (1.5) |
34 (1.3) |
59 (2.3) |
52 (2.0) |
77 (3.0) |
90 (3.5) |
77 (3.0) |
91 (3.6) |
78 (3.1) |
53 (2.1) |
57 (2.2) |
51 (2.0) |
758 (29.8) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 13 (5.1) |
10 (3.9) |
6 (2.4) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
5 (2.0) |
12 (4.7) |
46 (18) |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 14:00)
|
70.5 | 62.6 | 56.5 | 50.4 | 52.9 | 53.5 | 50.2 | 51.4 | 56.0 | 62.3 | 70.6 | 74.7 | 59.3 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 73 | 107 | 145 | 204 | 246 | 245 | 272 | 254 | 188 | 139 | 72 | 53 | 1,999 |
Percent possible sunshine | 27.7 | 38.3 | 41.0 | 51.8 | 55.2 | 54.4 | 59.7 | 60.1 | 51.8 | 42.7 | 26.6 | 21.1 | 44.2 |
Source: |
Climate data for Eisenstadt (1971–2000) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 18.8 (65.8) |
19.7 (67.5) |
27.4 (81.3) |
27.2 (81.0) |
30.8 (87.4) |
36.1 (97.0) |
36.4 (97.5) |
37.0 (98.6) |
33.7 (92.7) |
26.4 (79.5) |
21.9 (71.4) |
19.8 (67.6) |
37.0 (98.6) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.8 (37.0) |
5.3 (41.5) |
10.4 (50.7) |
15.3 (59.5) |
20.6 (69.1) |
23.4 (74.1) |
25.9 (78.6) |
25.7 (78.3) |
20.9 (69.6) |
14.8 (58.6) |
7.7 (45.9) |
4.0 (39.2) |
14.7 (58.5) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.4 (31.3) |
1.3 (34.3) |
5.5 (41.9) |
9.9 (49.8) |
15.1 (59.2) |
18.1 (64.6) |
20.2 (68.4) |
19.8 (67.6) |
15.3 (59.5) |
9.8 (49.6) |
4.3 (39.7) |
1.1 (34.0) |
10.0 (50.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.9 (26.8) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
1.9 (35.4) |
5.5 (41.9) |
10.1 (50.2) |
13.2 (55.8) |
15.2 (59.4) |
15.1 (59.2) |
11.4 (52.5) |
6.5 (43.7) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
6.2 (43.2) |
Record low °C (°F) | −21.6 (−6.9) |
−19.8 (−3.6) |
−19.2 (−2.6) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
3.7 (38.7) |
6.2 (43.2) |
3.8 (38.8) |
2.1 (35.8) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−12.3 (9.9) |
−17.8 (0.0) |
−21.6 (−6.9) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 33.7 (1.33) |
29.7 (1.17) |
45.1 (1.78) |
51.9 (2.04) |
62.6 (2.46) |
71.2 (2.80) |
66.7 (2.63) |
59.8 (2.35) |
58.8 (2.31) |
43.7 (1.72) |
53.6 (2.11) |
41.2 (1.62) |
618.0 (24.33) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 12.0 (4.7) |
8.8 (3.5) |
6.4 (2.5) |
0.8 (0.3) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
5.0 (2.0) |
14.1 (5.6) |
47.1 (18.5) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 6.1 | 5.9 | 8.1 | 7.7 | 8.5 | 9.3 | 8.5 | 8.2 | 7.0 | 5.9 | 7.8 | 6.9 | 89.9 |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 14:00)
|
72.8 | 65.1 | 57.0 | 51.7 | 52.8 | 53.4 | 50.7 | 51.1 | 56.2 | 61.8 | 71.2 | 74.5 | 59.9 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 68.9 | 105.8 | 136.1 | 188.0 | 237.1 | 232.5 | 252.3 | 244.0 | 176.2 | 136.3 | 70.4 | 50.1 | 1,897.7 |
Percent possible sunshine | 26.2 | 37.9 | 38.6 | 47.7 | 53.5 | 52.1 | 55.8 | 57.8 | 48.4 | 41.8 | 25.9 | 20.3 | 42.2 |
Source: Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics[12]
|
Names and etymology
The city's name means "Iron City" and was first recorded in 1118 as Castrum ferrum, referring to the history of iron mining and iron trade in the area. The first written mention of the town is from 1264 as "minor Mortin", matching the Hungarian name, Kismarton, which recalls Martin of Tours, the patron saint of the main church.
History
Archeological finds prove that the Eisenstadt area was already settled in the
The fortress built on the original earth works was destroyed by the troops of Margrave
From 1440 Archduke
In 1648, it passed under the rule of the
The appointment of Joseph Haydn as the prince's Hofkapellmeister (court orchestra director, composing and performing music) began the great artistic period in the city's history. In 1809, Eisenstadt was occupied by French troops during the Napoleonic Wars; in 1897, it was joined to the railway network.
Until the end of
Politics
The current mayor of Eisenstadt is Thomas Steiner (ÖVP).
The district council is composed as follows (as of 2022[update]):
- Austrian People's Party (ÖVP): 17 seats
- Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ): 8 seats
- Austrian Green Party(Grüne): 3 seats
- Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ): 1 seat
The total annual city budget of Eisenstadt in 2021 is €42.256.600 with total expenditure of €42.255.800.[13]
Main sights
Secular buildings
- Schloss Esterházy
- Schlosspark
- Orangerie
- Leopoldinentempel
- Gloriette, the former Esterházy hunting lodge.
- City Hall
- Cathedral Bastion and Powder tower
- Martinkaserne, 19th-century military barracks
Religious buildings and districts
- Bergkirche, housing Haydn's tomb
- Eisenstadt Cathedral, late Gothic church dedicated to Saint Martin
- Esterházy family
- Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder and Barmherzigenkirche Hl. Antonius von Padua, baroque hospital and church dedicated to Anthony of Padua
- Jewish quarter (1732–1938, 1945–)[14]
- Private synagogue located within the Austrian Jewish Museum
- Old and new Jewish cemetery
Museums
- Haydnmuseum, a museum dedicated to Joseph Haydn, who lived in the building between 1766 and 1778.
- Landesmuseum, regional museum
- Austrian Jewish Museum
- Diözesanmuseum, museum of the local Roman Catholic diocese
- Feuerwehrmuseum, museum of the fire department
Education
Eisenstadt is the seat of the university of applied sciences FH Burgenland,[15] the college of education PH Burgenland,[16] and the music school Joseph-Haydn-Privathochschule Burgenland.[17]
Culture
Eisenstadt formerly hosted a Joseph Haydn festival, the Haydn Festspiele, a viniculture festival, the Fest der 1000 Weine, and a tournament of the World Athletics Continental Tour, the Austrian Open.
Twin towns — sister cities
Eisenstadt is
- Bad Kissingen, Bavaria, Germany
- Colmar, Haut-Rhin, Grand Est, France
- Manassas, Virginia, United States
- Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy
- Sanuki, Japan
- Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
- Sopron, Hungary
Notable people
Natives
- Moritz Benedikt (1835–1920) neurologist
- Isaiah Berlin (1725–1799) rabbi
- Stefan Billes (1909, Kleinhöflein – 2002) politician
- Friedrich Bridgetower (1782-1813) composer, cellist, brother of George Bridgetower
- Akiva Eiger (1761–1837) rabbi and champion of Orthodox Judaism
- Paul I, 1st Prince Esterházy of Galántha(1635–1713)
- Prince Paul II Anton Esterházy(1711–1762) soldier and patron of music
- Gyula Farkas(1894–1958) linguist
- Andrea Fraunschiel (1955–2019) mayor
- Josef Hyrtl (1810–1894) anatomist
- Andreas Ivanschitz (1983 – ) football player, lived in Baumgarten, about 12 km (7 mi) from Eisenstadt
- Josef Kirchknopf (1930, Kleinhöflein – ), politician
- Johann Luif (1959, Kleinhöflein – ), BG, Commander Provincial Military Headquarters Burgenland
- Maria Perschy (1938–2004, Vienna) actress
- Rudolf Simek (1954– ) Germanist and Philologian.
- Martin Vukovich (1944 – ) diplomat
- Joseph Franz Weigl (1740–1820) cellist
- Joseph Weigl (1766–1846) composer and conductor
- Anton Pauschenwein (1981 – ) football player
- Thomas Mandl (1979 – ) football player
- Michael Mörz (1980 – ) football player
- Johann Dihanich (1958 – ) football player
Other residents
- Samuel Löw Brill (1814–1897), rabbi and Talmudical scholar; born in Budapest; attended yeshiva
- Meir Eisenstadt (1670–1744) rabbi of the Siebengemeinden
- Joseph Haydn (1732–1809), musician, born in Rohrau
- Azriel Hildesheimer (1820–1899), German rabbi, founder of Torah im Derech Eretz; in 1851, he was called to the rabbinate of Eisenstadt
- Markus Horovitz (1844–1915), German rabbi and historian; born March 14, 1844, in Tiszaladány, Hungary, pursued his rabbinical studies at the yeshiva
- Johann Nepomuk Hummel (1778–1837), musician
- Paul Iby (born 1935), a reformist Roman Catholic bishop
- Adam Liszt (1776–1827), musician, father of Franz Liszt
- Leopold Löw (1811–1875), born in Černá Hora, Moravia, studied at the yeshiva of Eisenstadt
- Mordecai Mokiach (ca. 1650–1724), "pseudo"-Messiah, born in Alsace
- Robert Musil (1880–1942), author
- Ignaz Pleyel (1757–1831), composer
- Emanuel Schreiber (1852–1932), rabbi
- Fritz Spiegl (1926–2003) musician, journalist, broadcaster, humorist and collector
- Isaac Hirsch Weiss (1815–1905), talmudist and historian of literature; born at Velké Meziříčí, Moravia; studied at yeshiva
- Samson Wertheimer (1658–1724), rabbi
- Aaron Wise (1844–1896), rabbi, born in Eger, Hungary, studied at yeshiva; the father of Stephen Samuel Wise
As a surname
Eisenstadt (also Ajzenstat, Eisenstaedter, Asch, etc.), a Jewish surname, derives from this city.[18] Some people with this surname or its variants include:
- Alfred Eisenstaedt
- Meir Eisenstadt
- Shmuel Eisenstadt Israeli sociologist
- Stuart E. Eizenstat
- Moses Asch
References
- ^ "Dauersiedlungsraum der Gemeinden Politischen Bezirke und Bundesländer - Gebietsstand 1.1.2018". Statistics Austria. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
- ^ "Einwohnerzahl 1.1.2018 nach Gemeinden mit Status, Gebietsstand 1.1.2018". Statistics Austria. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
- ^ "Eisenstadt Ergebnishaushalt". www.offenerhaushalt.at (in German). 2021. Retrieved 2021-04-02.
- ^ "Eisenstadt Ergebnishaushalt". www.offenerhaushalt.at (in German). 2021. Retrieved 2021-04-02.
- ^ "Eisenstadt | Baroque Architecture, Burgenland & Music | Britannica".
- ^ "Burgenland | Austria's Easternmost State & its History | Britannica".
- ^ "Klimamittel 1981–2010: Lufttemperatur" (in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- ^ "Klimamittel 1981–2010: Niederschlag" (in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- ^ "Klimamittel 1981–2010: Schnee" (in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- ^ "Klimamittel 1981–2010: Luftfeuchtigkeit" (in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- ^ "Klimamittel 1981–2010: Strahlung" (in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- ^ "Klimadaten von Österreich 1971–2000 – Burgenland-Eisenstadt" (in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived from the original on 12 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- ^ "Eisenstadt Ergebnishaushalt". www.offenerhaushalt.at (in German). 2021. Retrieved 2021-04-02.
- ^ Filckr photos: Flickr, Flickr
- ^ FH Burgenland website
- ^ PH Burgenland
- ^ "Joseph-Haydn-Privathochschule Burgenland". Archived from the original on 2023-08-01. Retrieved 2023-08-01.
- Jewish Encyclopedia. 1906.
External links
- Official website (in German)
- Official tourism website
- Österreichisches Jüdisches Museum (Austrian Jewish Museum) (in German)
- Jewish Encyclopedia article on the Jewish community of Eisenstadt (in English)
- Schloss Esterházy (Esterházy Castle) (in German)
- Fachhochschul-Studiengänge Burgenland University of applied sciences. (in German)