Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu

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Ekmeleddin Mehmet İhsanoğlu (Turkish pronunciation:

İhsanoğlu studied science at the Ain Shams University, where he received his BSc in 1966. He remained in Cairo and obtained his MSc in 1970 from Al-Azhar University. İhsanoğlu received his PhD from the Faculty of Science at the Ankara University in 1974. İhsanoğlu's academic work has focused on the history of scientific activity and institutions of learning within Islam, cultural exchanges between Islam and the West, the relationship between science and religion, and the development of science in its socio-cultural environment.

İhsanoğlu was the founder of the Department of History of Science at the Faculty of Letters of

After taking the office as the ninth Secretary General of the OIC in January 2005, İhsanoğlu coordinated the drafting and implementation of a reform program for the OIC aiming to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the 57-member Organisation.[3] The reform program's components included the "Ten-Year Programme of Action to Face the Challenges of Twenty-first Century" (later implemented by the Third Extraordinary Islamic Summit Conference in 2005) and a revised OIC Charter^[4] which was adopted by the OIC at the Eleventh Islamic Summit Conference in 2008.^[5][6] İhsanoğlu was one of the signatories of A Common Word, an open letter by Islamic scholars to Christian leaders, that called for peace and understanding.

İhsanoğlu was announced as the joint candidate of the two opposition parties in the Turkish parliament,

İhsanoğlu was born Ekmellettin Muhammet İhsan[10] to madrasa professor İhsan Efendi hailing from Yozgat and Seniye Hanım. Seniye Hanım was the daughter of Rhodian Turkish parents.^[11][12] İhsanoğlu was born in Cairo, Egypt.

Academic career

Prof. Ihsanoglu has been a pioneering figure in the studies and researches in the field of History of Science. He has been working on three main subjects since late 70's that never quote the attention of scholars either from the Muslim world or Western world.

• The first is about the scientific activities of late centuries (14th-19th) which are considered as outside the scope of Golden Age of Islam.
• The second is the introduction of the modern science and technology to the Muslim world and the attitude of the Muslim scholars which is still a vital question
• The third is the history of institutions of science in Islam.

Ihsanoglu founded with Prof. Celal Tuzun the Research Institute for Organic Chemistry, when he was a faculty member at the Faculty of Science of the

Prof. Ihsanoglu supervised many international projects sponsored by UNESCO and IRCICA; Master and PhD thesis's on History of Science. His publications and academic activities were appreciated by many international awards. Among them Alexandre Koyre Medal in History of Science given by the International Academy of History of Science (Paris, 2008) and Kuwait Foundation For The Advancement of Sciences (KFAS), Golden medal and KFAS shield Award for Arabic and Islamic Scientific Heritage, 2021.

As part of his academic career Ihsanoğlu has held the following positions: member of Academie Europea;

Ihsanoglu was the founding Director General of the Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture IRCICA.[15] an intergovernmental research centre and subsidiary organ of the OIC. When IRCICA started its activities in 1980, it was the first international organization established in Istanbul. Ihsanoglu as the head of diplomatic mission in this organization and as a cultural diplomat has served more than twenty-four years in promoting intercultural dialogue, relations, tolerance and understanding.

Ihsanoglu participated in various projects, activities and committees of UNESCO, and acted as the project director and editor of UNESCO's Work on Various Aspects of Islamic Culture, in 1988, published in 2004.

Ihsanoglu was appointed ‘

Ihsanoglu lived the most significant leap in his diplomatic career in 2004 when he succeeded to win the election for the position of the OIC Secretary General out of three candidates. He has become the first by-vote-elected Secretary General of the OIC.

In his former position, since January 2005, as the Secretary General of the 57-member Organisation, the second largest organisation after the UN, Prof. Ihsanoğlu initiated new schemes and strategies of international cooperation with regard to promotion of understanding, tolerance, principles of human rights, democracy, and establishment of dialogue between the OIC's Member States and with other countries and communities of the world.

The Heads of State and Government of the OIC Member States, convened at their 11th Islamic Summit Conference (Dakar, Senegal, March 2008), unanimously decided to renew Ihsanoğlu's mandate for another term of office.

Secretary General of the OIC

Within the framework of his mission as Secretary General of OIC, Prof. Ihsanoğlu took several initiatives to reform the OIC's agenda and strategies in various fields, with the motto: “modernisation and moderation”. As of his first year in the office, he guided the preparation of the “Ten-Year Programme Of Action To Meet The Challenges Facing The Muslim Ummah In The 21st Century” which was adopted by the OIC Member States at their Extraordinary Summit Conference in Mecca, December 2005. Through this programme and the new Charter of the OIC which was adopted by the Eleventh Summit Conference in March 2008, he introduced the application of some concepts and principles for the first time in the OIC.^[16] Thus, for example,

• the issue of human rights was introduced to the new Charter of the OIC and the Ten-Year Programme of Action. The new Charter of the OIC stipulates the establishment of an independent Permanent Commission on Human Rights to promote the civil, political, social and economic rights enshrined in the Organisation's covenants and declarations and in universally agreed human rights instruments;
• definition of and action to combat the problem of terrorism was introduced to the Ten-Year Programme of Action (Chapter VI on Combating terrorism);
• objectives were adopted in the same Programme of Action emphasizing cultural dialogue (Chapter III on “Islam- The religion of moderation and tolerance”).

Ihsanoğlu attached importance to increasing the role and effectiveness of the OIC in solving problems and contributing to progress and cooperation among the OIC Member States in various areas of development, including science and technology, transport and communications, tourism, and fostering trade among the Member States, with particular attention to the least developed countries (LDCs) among them.

The achievements realized during his tenure in the field of economic and commercial cooperation is of particular significance. First, he had assigned priority to the entry into force of the cooperation agreements and the statutes of some institutions in the field of economy and trade, pending for signing and ratification. As a result, a number of agreements and statutes which would govern the OIC's ‘Trade Preferential System’,^[17] entered into force after completion of the necessary number of ratifying countries. The OIC aims to increase the level of intra-OIC trade up to 20 percent of the OIC total. He has also initiated the OIC cotton programme.^[18] to help develop economies of, in particular, the West African Member States of the OIC. A similar program in the domain of tourism was also developed which secured active participation of the OIC Member States. He gave importance to transport projects, such as the ‘Dakar-Port Sudan Railway Project’, the ‘Dushanbe - Mazari Sharif - Herat Railway link’, etc.

At the same time he made efforts to enhance the OIC activity in conflict resolution and peace-building in its Member States and in the world. In view of stopping the sectarian conflicts in Iraq he initiated and coordinated the signing of a ‘Makkah Al-Mukarramah Declaration on the Iraqi Situation’

As Ihsanoglu assumed the office on 1 January 2005, he immediately launched an emergency appeal to the OIC Member States to provide the victims of the destructive earthquake and the following tsunami that hit South and South Asia on 26 December 2004 with humanitarian aid. He also took necessary measures to coordinate and channel the relief efforts. In view of the huge scale of such disasters and the resulting severe humanitarian crisis situation which go well beyond the capabilities of the affected countries, Ihsanoglu focused on establishing a unit within the OIC General Secretariat to coordinate relief efforts. As a result, the Humanitarian Affairs Department (ICHAD) was created in 2008.^[20] It has been formally coordinating and channeling the successful humanitarian assistance programs under the OIC umbrella, including the programs in Indonesia-Banda Aceh, Niger, Sudan-Darfur, Afghanistan, Yemen, Gaza and Pakistan. In Pakistan, Prof. Ihsanoglu inaugurated the construction of 100 housing units in a village in the Punjab province, being the first phase of a project totaling 600 housing units funded by the OIC in six provinces in the country on 11 January 2011.

Ihsanoğlu also gave importance to enhancing the role of the OIC in treatment of global issues. He initiated schemes of action with regard to promotion of understanding, tolerance, principles of human rights, democracy, and establishment of dialogue between the OIC's Member States and with other countries and communities of the world. These strategies address north–south/East-West relations with a problem-solving approach aiming to promote proper mutual understanding among the different faiths and cultures. Another main objective of Ihsanoğlu was to develop cooperation between the OIC and other international organizations; in the first place, the UN. During the period of the United Nations General Assembly Meetings in September 2010, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon for the first time referred to the OIC as “a strategic and crucial partner of the United Nations” and said that it "plays a significant role in helping to resolve a wide range of issues facing the world community."^[21] During Ihsanoğlu's tenure the OIC also initiated cooperation in the field of health with the

The OIC's expanded vision and larger sphere of influence during İhsanoğlu's term are reflected among others, in the Russian Federation's applying for and admission as an Observer State with the OIC (2005) and the US President's appointing a Special Envoy to the OIC (2008).

In 2009, on the election of President Obama, he published an open letter in the International Herald Tribune and New York Times, congratulating him and referring to his statement during presidential campaign to develop good relations with the Muslim World with emphasis on Ihsanoglu's conception and norms of moderation and modernization. He quoted Obama saying "Our stories are singular but our destiny is shared".^[22]

• his lectures at universities in Europe and the US, including
  University of Damascus, titled "The Organization of the Islamic Conference and 21st Century Challenges”.^[26] He addressed the issue of the Islamic action at present and in future in a lecture titled “The Future of Islamic Action” delivered at the Cairo Book Fair on 7 February 2010. He delivered a speech at the 1037th Wilton Park Conference focusing on Science Diplomacy on 24 June 2010, and a lecture on “Building Bridges: Intercultural Dialogue Identities and Migration” at the Assembly Hall of the United Nations in Geneva
  on 16 September 2010.
• his addresses and statements in forums of dialogue, such as the international conference on the Role of Education for Intercultural Understanding and Dialogue which was inaugurated on 21 October 2008 in
  Alliance of Civilizations held in Rio de Janeiro
  on May 28–29, 2010.
• his addresses at international bodies: the UN General Assembly (New York), sessions of the
  UN Human Rights Council, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (Strasbourg) and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
  )OSCE) Permanent Council, among others. He gave special importance to promoting relations with European intergovernmental organisations: the European Union, the OSCE, the Council of Europe and others, and opened with them lines of communications, particularly in fields of mutual interest.
• his collaborative efforts; he initiated and supported the OIC's participation at the British Council project “Our Shared Europe”;
• at the initiative of the OIC General Secretariat, Wilton Park Conference was held in London on 2 May 2006 on the theme of "Challenging Stereotypes in Europe and the Islamic World: Working Together for Constructive Policies and Partnerships" that brought together senior policy-makers from Europe and OIC Member States, officials from the UN, EU and OSCE and the Council of Europe with representatives of Muslim communities, academics and experts to seek to open a new era of political dialogue between Western governments and their Muslim counterparts by focusing on the role of the media in promoting dialogue between the West and the East.

Publications

Ihsanoğlu has books, articles and papers in different languages on science, history of science, relations between the Muslim world and the Western world, some of which are as follows:

• Author, The Ottoman Scientific Heritage (Al-Furqan Foundation, 2023; translated to English by Maryam Patton), Ottoman Scientific Heritage (Al-Furqan Foundation, 2021; translated to Arabic by Majda Makhlouf), both of which are translations of the Turkish original, Osmanlı Bilim Mirası (Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2017)^[27]
• Author, Studies on Ottoman Science and Culture, Routledge Variorum Collected Studies, 2020
• Author, The House of Sciences, Oxford University Press, 2019
• Author, co-author and editor, 18 volumes of bio-bibliographies in the series of History of
  Medical Sciences
  , Astrology, and the classification of sciences.
• Editor and co-author, History of the Ottoman State and Civilization (published in Turkish, English, Arabic, Bosnian, Russian, Albanian and Persian).
• Author, Science, Technology and Learning in the Ottoman Empire, Ashgate, Variorum, 2004
• Editor, The Art of Calligraphy in Islamic Heritage (published in English, Turkish, Arabic, Malay, Japanese);
• Editor, Cultural Contributions in building A Universal Civilisation: Islamic Contributions, IRCICA, Istanbul, 2005;
• Editor and co-author, UNESCO: The Different Aspects of Islamic Culture, Vol. 5: Culture and Learning in Islam, UNESCO, 2003.
• Author, The Turks in Egypt and Their Cultural Heritage, (published in Turkish, Arabic, English).
• Author, The Islamic World in the New Century: The Organization of the Islamic Conference, 1969–2009, 2010 (published in English, Arabic, Turkish, Russian, Bengali and Urdu)
• Author, Darulfünun. The Focus of Ottoman Cultural Modernization, 2010, 2 v., (in Turkish)

Membership in editorial boards:

• Editor-in-Chief of IRCICA Newsletter, 1980–2004;
• Journal of Qur’anic Studies, SOAS, London, UK;
• Journal of Islamic Studies (Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies) UK;
• Arts and the Islamic World, London, UK;
• Archivum Ottomanicum, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, Germany;
• Bulletin of the Royal Institute for Inter-Faith Studies, Jordan;
• Journal for the History of the Exact and Natural Sciences in Islamic Civilization, Barcelona, Spain;
• Contributions to Oriental Philology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
• Advisory Board member of Studies in History of Medicine and Science, Hamdard University, India

Awards and medals

• Kuwait Foundation For The Advancement of Sciences (KFAS), Golden medal and KFAS shield Award for Arabic and Islamic Scientific Heritage, 2021^[28]
• 2015 Peace Award^[29] (Ducci Foundation, Rome, Italy), 25 March 2015.^[30]
• Dr. Ibrahim Rugova's Golden Medal of Peace, Democracy and Humanism, Republic of Kosovo, given by President Atifete Jahjaga on 1 May 2013^[31]
• "Bangladesh Friendship Medal", highest civilian honor of Bangladesh, conferred by the Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina, 6 May 2013^[32]
• "Honorary Order of the Yellow Star", highest civilian honor of Suriname, conferred by the Acting President of Suriname Robert L. A. Ameerali, 27 May 2013^[33]
• "Order of the Nile ” from the President of Arab Republic of Egypt, Mohamed Morsi, 2013.^[34]
• International Peace Award 2011-2012 by Beirut-based International Human Rights Commission's (IHRC) World Chairman and Ambassador at Large Dr. Muhammad Shahid Amin Khan, 23 June 2012^[35]
• “Al-Idrisi Award” by President Raffaele Lombardo in Palermo, Italy, 15 May 2012^[36]
• Grand Commandeur Medal by the President of the Republic Gabon, Haj Ali Bongo Odimba, 20 April 2012^[37]
• Medal "27 June First Class” by Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President of the Republic of Djibouti on 5 December 2010.^[38]
• Order of Ismoili Somoni, given by the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, President Emomali Rahmon, 18 May 2010^[39]
• Medal "Crescent of Pakistan” by Asif Ali Zardari, President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 23 March 2010^[40]
• Honorary Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (P.S.M.) (2009)^[41]
• Alexandre Koyré Medal conferred by the International Academy of the History of Science, Paris, December 2008^[42]
• "Building Bridges Award 2007" by the Association of Muslim Social Scientists (AMSS) based in UK, April 2008.^[43]
• "South-South Cooperation Award for Innovation" by UNDP, December 2007^[44]
• "Polio Eradication Champion Award" by the Rotary International, June 2007^[45]
• “
  Republic of Senegal, 2006^[46]
• "Order of Glory" conferred by the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, 2006^[47]
• "Medal of Glory” conferred by the President of the Republic of the Russian Federation (presented by the President of Tatarstan), 2006^[46]
• "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordre_du_M%C3%A9rite_(S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal)#:~:text=Sa%C3%AFdou%20Nourou%20Ba%2C%20Commandeur%2C%20Ambassadeur%20du%20S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal. Commandeur de l’Ordre National du Mérite]” conferred by the President of the Republic of Senegal, 2002^[46]
• Iran World Award for Book of the Year, presented by Seyed Mohammad Khatami, President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2000^[46]
• "State Medal of Distinguished Service" conferred by the President of the Republic of Turkey, March 2000^[48]
• "Independence Medal of the First Order" conferred by King Hussein Bin Talal of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, 1996^[46]
• "Certificate of Honour and Distinction" by the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, 1995^[49]
• Medal of "Distinction of the First Order” from the President of Arab Republic of Egypt in 1990.^[46]
• Order of the State of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" by Derviş Eroğlu, President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, 22 November 2013.^[50]

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu.

• Official website
• OIC Official Web Site
• Interview with Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu about London conference on Libya - broadcast on Radio France Internationale, March 29, 2011
• Interview with Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu about Interfaith Dialogue conference on
  YouTube - broadcast on Al Jazeera
  , October 20, 2009

Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Abdelouahed Belkeziz	Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation 2004–2014	Succeeded by Iyad bin Amin Madani