Ekorus
Ekorus | |
---|---|
Ekorus ekakeran | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Carnivora |
Family: | Mustelidae |
Genus: | †Ekorus Werdelin, 2003 |
Species: | †E. ekakeran
|
Binomial name | |
†Ekorus ekakeran Werdelin, 2003
|
Ekorus ekakeran is a large, extinct mustelid mammal. Fossils, including largely complete skeletons, are known from the late Miocene of Kenya.[1]
Description
Ekorus reached almost 44 kg (97 lb), comparably to a
Fossils of giant Miocene mustelids with similar morphology, reconstructed as hypercarnivores or carnivore-scavengers, have also been discovered in North America,[6] Europe,[7] and Asia,[8] as well as other parts of Africa.[9]
Paleoecology
Apparently before the African savannas evolved, the giant mustelid Ekorus stalked its prey, such as the three-toed horse Eurygnathohippus and the large pig Nyanzachoerus, in forests and woodlands.
In the early Cenozoic, Africa was isolated from Eurasia, where modern African groups such as cats and giraffes first evolved. African predators and prey developed along their own lines to hunt in closed environments. Ekorus had the upright stance typical of active hunters, lacked digging adaptations, and was leopard-sized, with leopard-like body proportions. Since leopards are ambush hunters in forests and woodlands,[10] Ekorus may have filled a parallel role in the Miocene forests of Africa.[11] Other research has suggested the genus was cursorial, chasing down prey more like a modern wolf or spotted hyena.[5] In general, Miocene predators show larger body sizes with anatomies between the modern "dog-like" pursuit running and "cat-like" stalk-pounce-and-grapple strategies. This was suggested to be the result of the great abundance of prey species in Miocene forests, which allowed predators to survive without having to specialize as either fast runners or grapplers.[12]
Extinction
Felids are first recorded on the continent in the early Miocene, in north Africa.[13] Tectonic changes starting about 35 million years ago led to the formation of the Great Rift Valley, and the rise of highlands that cause rain shadows in the surrounding region. Before the rift opened, Kenya was more forested.[14] Grasslands began to spread across Africa in the mid-Miocene, slowly replacing closed forest environments with open savannas.[15] Any or all of these factors may have led to the replacement of Ekorus and other large mustelid hunters by modern felids, hyaenids, and canids.
References
- ^ Howell F. C. & García N. 2007. — Carnivora (Mammalia) from Lemudong’o (late Miocene: Narok District, Kenya). Kirtlandia 56: 121-139.
- ^
Donald R. Prothero (2016). The Princeton Field Guide to Prehistoric Mammals. Princeton University Press. p. 144. ISBN 9781400884452. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
- ^
John M. Harris, Meave G. Leakey (2003). Lothagam: The Dawn of Humanity in Eastern Africa. Columbia University Press. p. 662. ISBN 9780231507608. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
- ^ Werdelin L. 2003. — Mio-Pliocene Carnivora from Lothagam, Kenya, in Leakey M. G. & Harris J. D. (eds), Lothagam: Dawn of Humanity in Eastern Africa. Columbia University Press, New York: 261-328.
- ^ ISSN 1096-3642.
- PMID 27054570.
- S2CID 86216613.
- .
- PMID 32547866.
- ^ Gröcke, Darren (January 2003). "Paleoecological reconstruction of a lower Pleistocene large mammal community using biogeochemical (δ13C, δ15N, δ18O, Sr:Zn) and ecomorphological approaches". Paleobiology.
- OCLC 53900492.
- ^ Andersson, Ki (2003). "Aspects of locomotor evolution in the Carnivora (Mammalia)".
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(help) - OCLC 53900492.
- ^ Werdelin L. & Simpson S. W. 2009. — The last amphicyonid (Mammalia, Carnivora) in Africa. Geodiversitas 31 (4) : 775-787.
- S2CID 199473686.