El-Gadarif
El-Gadarif
القضارف | |
---|---|
UTC+3 (EAT ) |
El-Gadarif (
Overview
El-Gadarif is surrounded by mountains on three sides. The city represents an excellent example of the intermingled ethnicities of central
Name
The word Gedaref is derived from the Arabic phrase (Alli qada-Ye-rif) (Arabic القضا يرف), meaning 'He who has finished selling or buying should leave'. The phrase was later developed into 'Al-Gadarif'. The story of the name begins when Arab nomad tribes roaming the
Another theory is that the town was named for the range of hills surrounding the area which looks like cartilage. Yet there is confusion in the spelling of the word in Arabic, because "cartilage" in Arabic is written as Ghadarif (Arabic غضارف) not Qadarif (Arabic قضارف), the spelling of the town name.[1][2]
History
Al-Gada-ye-rif
According to Holt and Daly, the
The Scottish explorer
During the
Sir
In September 1898 a British
During the Second World War, Gedaref became very important for the
Geography
Topography, flora and fauna
The geographical feature of the city is marked by a group of hills surrounding it and small khors (tiny dry valley creeks). The largest is called Khor Maqadim, which runs from the southeast part of the city between Deim El Nur and Deim Suakin districts to the northwestern part of the city in Deim Bakr District. Its course overflows during the fall season, when heavy rain falls in the highland areas along the Ethiopian border.
The climate of Gedaref is hot and rainy in the summer. The rainy season extends four months, with an average of annual rainfall of 700 to 900 mm. In the autumn during the rainy seasons, or Kharief (Arabic الخريف) as it is locally called, large pools of water and green meadows with trees of various kinds of acacia cover the area. The early advent of the flamingo flock, or the Simber (Arabic السمبر) as it is locally called, gives the sign of the beginning of the Kharif.
Climate
El-Gadarif has a
Climate data for El-Gadarif (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 41.5 (106.7) |
44.2 (111.6) |
46.2 (115.2) |
47.5 (117.5) |
46.5 (115.7) |
47.0 (116.6) |
42.5 (108.5) |
39.9 (103.8) |
40.3 (104.5) |
41.6 (106.9) |
41.5 (106.7) |
40.7 (105.3) |
47.5 (117.5) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 35.2 (95.4) |
37.6 (99.7) |
40.1 (104.2) |
42.3 (108.1) |
41.4 (106.5) |
38.5 (101.3) |
34.3 (93.7) |
32.6 (90.7) |
34.5 (94.1) |
37.0 (98.6) |
37.7 (99.9) |
36.0 (96.8) |
37.3 (99.1) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.6 (79.9) |
28.6 (83.5) |
31.2 (88.2) |
33.8 (92.8) |
33.8 (92.8) |
31.3 (88.3) |
28.3 (82.9) |
27.1 (80.8) |
28.4 (83.1) |
30.0 (86.0) |
29.9 (85.8) |
27.7 (81.9) |
29.7 (85.5) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 17.9 (64.2) |
19.6 (67.3) |
22.2 (72.0) |
25.4 (77.7) |
26.2 (79.2) |
24.1 (75.4) |
22.3 (72.1) |
21.6 (70.9) |
22.3 (72.1) |
23.0 (73.4) |
22.1 (71.8) |
19.5 (67.1) |
22.2 (72.0) |
Record low °C (°F) | 9.2 (48.6) |
7.6 (45.7) |
12.2 (54.0) |
13.2 (55.8) |
18.0 (64.4) |
17.7 (63.9) |
17.0 (62.6) |
17.0 (62.6) |
16.7 (62.1) |
17.0 (62.6) |
13.5 (56.3) |
8.9 (48.0) |
7.6 (45.7) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.9 (0.07) |
6.5 (0.26) |
32.5 (1.28) |
71.7 (2.82) |
172.9 (6.81) |
218.9 (8.62) |
88.2 (3.47) |
25.7 (1.01) |
0.4 (0.02) |
0.0 (0.0) |
618.6 (24.35) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 4.1 | 7.1 | 11.9 | 13.8 | 7.1 | 3.3 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 48.8 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
33 | 27 | 22 | 22 | 34 | 49 | 65 | 72 | 66 | 52 | 33 | 34 | 42 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 291.4 | 263.2 | 291.4 | 291.0 | 285.2 | 267.0 | 232.5 | 229.4 | 255.0 | 269.7 | 273.0 | 288.3 | 3,237.1 |
Source: NOAA[9] |
Administration
The city is administratively and socially divided into Diems (ديم) or districts. The famous Deims are Deim Bakr, Deim El Nur, Diem Al Khama, Abakar Jibriel, Al- midan, Deim Abbas, Deim Saukin, Deim Sa'ad, Deim Hamad, Janayin, Abbayo, Nasr, Selamt El-Bey, Al Israa, Al Malik, A Nadher, Al Tadamun, Al Danagla, Al Jumhouriya, Al Mufaqaat, Al Syool, Al Mourada, Barnu, Badr, Marco, Al Rabaa, Ruwina, Addona, Taradona, Karfis, Al Kababish, Karrari, Al Mahrouga, Al Sufi, Al Muwazafien, Army Barracks and Police Barracks.
Greater Gedaref includes many rural districts and villages such as Um Shagara, Al- Faw, Wad addida, Sabouniya, Koum Shitta, Um sawani, Um Sunaebra, Id Altin, Kassab, Al Samina, Shasheina, Al Hwata, Al Houri, AlMatna, and Al Shuwak.
In 1994 Gedaref became the capital of Al-Qadarif State which includes Gedaref city, Faw, Gallabat, and Fashaga areas.
Economy
Gedaref is a trade centre for
The
Light industries in the city include cotton ginning and spinning mills and soap factories.
Transportation and communication
The city is served by a
The Gedaref State Broadcasting was established in 1995 with a frequency of 1485 kHz. A television station was followed in 1996 with a range of 50 km.
The Gedaref Digital City
Gedaref is distinguished also by its
Population
The population of the city is mainly
Inhabitants origins in Gedaref have rapidly changed during the last decades. Dwellers who belong to various nationalities had settled in the area along with the
Education
Education in Gedaref has been far developed in the last decades. The city counts about 73 schools of different levels. With the establishment of
Among the famous children of the city are
Tourism
There are seven hotels.
Twin towns — sister cities
Gedaref is
References
- ^ "GEDAREF,Peace haven of Eastern Sudan".
- ^ "Al-Qaḍārif." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 20 Aug. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/485367/Al-Qadarif>.
- ^ Shadows on the sand: the memoirs of Sir Gawain Bell, Gawain Bell (Sir.) - 1983
- ^ Sudan Despatches, a copy received by the Secretary of State for War from Major-General Lord Kitchener of Khartoum, G.C.B., K.C.M.G., Sirdar of the Egyptian Army. War Office, December 9, 1898.
- ^ Winston Churchill, Sir, Winston S. Churchill - 2007 - 276; Books.google.com
- ^ Sudan Vision Daily News Paper
- ^ http://www.sudanvisiondaily.com/ Archived 2011-07-28 at the Wayback Machine, "Sudan Vision Daily News Paper Official Website - Economy and Politics in Gedarif (3)". Archived from the original on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
- ^ A History of the Sudan: From the Coming of Islam to the Present Day (6th Edition) Longman(, 2011)
- ^ a b "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — El-Gadarif". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
- ^ "Rahad Scheme." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 21 Aug. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/489635/Rahad-Scheme>.
- ^ "Gedaref/Azaza Airport Map | Sudan Airports".
- ^ Gedaref Digital City website. http://gedaref.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=99:2011-06-09-16-13-12&catid=38:rokstories-samples&lang=en&Itemid= Archived 2012-03-31 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "جامعة القضارف". Archived from the original on 2018-09-26. Retrieved 2011-08-21.