El Cajas National Park

Coordinates: 02°50′46″S 79°13′13″W / 2.84611°S 79.22028°W / -2.84611; -79.22028
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
El Cajas National Park
Azuay Province
Nearest cityCuenca
Coordinates02°50′46″S 79°13′13″W / 2.84611°S 79.22028°W / -2.84611; -79.22028
Area285.4 km2 (110.2 sq mi)
EstablishedNovember 5, 1996 (Resolution N° 057)
Official nameParque Nacional Cajas
Designated14 August 2002
Reference no.1203[1]
Chuquiraga jussieui growing near a lake in the park.
A lake in El Cajas.
Park entrance.
Low clouds.
Scenic view within the park

El Cajas National Park or Cajas National Park (

Azuay. The area of 285.44 km2 (28,544 ha) between 3100m and 4450m above sea level is characterized by páramo vegetation on a jagged landscape of hills and valleys. It was declared a National Park
on November 5, 1996 by resolution N° 057.

Name

The name "Cajas" is derived from the

Quichua word "cassa" meaning "gateway to the snowy mountains".[2] or "caxa" (Quichua:cold).[3] It has also been linked to the Spanish word "cajas" (boxes).[3]

Geography and climate

The highest point is the 4,450 m high Cerro Arquitectos (Architects Hill), and the elevation of roads reaches higher than 4,310 meters (13,550 feet). About 270

glaciation shaped the landscape of Cajas leaving U-shaped valleys and ravines. Cajas provides about 60% of the drinking water for the Cuenca area. Two of the four rivers of Cuenca originate from Cajas, the Tomebamba and Yanuncay rivers which eventually drain into the Amazon River. The Paute river also links to the Amazon. As the park straddles the continental divide, its western drainage, the Balao and Cañar
link to the Pacific ocean. The modern road crosses the continental divide at the pass "Tres Cruces" (4,255 m). This section is the most western part of the continental divide of South Americas.[2]

The climate shows an average temperature of 13.2 °C and an average annual precipitation of 1,072 mm. Clouds typically drift up from the Pacific coast and from the Paute river basin (near Cuenca) and bring humidity.

Ecology

Flora

Humidity and high altitude with low atmospheric pressure create an ecosystem that accumulates organic material in the soil that is able to retain water. The high grassland ecosystem (páramo) contains plants suitably adapted to it, 19 of them endemic to Cajas. The dominant plant is straw grass (Calamagrostis intermedia).

Above 3,300 meters the "queñua" or "paper tree" (Polylepis) forest is found. It is in forests such as these that a second protected population of the rare Fuchsia campii, in the family Onagraceae, is predicted to live, as it has also been found in another nearby national park of similar ecological characteristics.[4]

In the lower parts of the park, the cloud forest and perennial high mountain forest are present, primarily in the ravines near the brooks and rivers.

Fauna

The Cajas National Park is home to a large variety of animals, some of which are

Patagona gigas), which lives only on agave flowers[citation needed]. The violet-throated metaltail (Metalura gorjivioleta) is endemic to Cajas and surrounding valleys.[5] The avifauna consists of 157 bird species, making birdwatching
an alluring activity for visitors.

Overall, forty-four mammalian species have been identified in the park. Species include types of

Chibchanomys orcesi) that belongs to the group Ichthyomyini and Tate's shrew opossum (Caenolestes tatei).[2]

At least seventeen species of amphibians live around the lagoons of Cajas. This includes those of the genera Atelopus, Telmatobius, Gastrotheca, Eleutherodactylus, and Colostethus. The high variety of amphibians suggests the presence of a diversity of insects, as they are a chief amphibian food source.

Archeology

The area shows evidence of human activities already from the

Incan invasion Inca roads were constructed, incorporating preexisting roads. Twenty-eight archeological sites have been identified in the park and its vicinity that indicate inhabitation during the pre-Incan and Incan periods.[2] During the Colonial time the vicinity of the area was used for livestock. With the creation of the park the area has become popular for hiking, climbing, camping, fishing, and birdwatching. Control points are located at the road entries to the park. The park has a refuge hut and can be reached from Cuenca and Guayaquil. A road from Chaucha to San Joaquin
touches on the southern border of the park providing access.

International listings

Cajas is listed as a

World Natural Heritage Site by UNESCO.[2]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Parque Nacional Cajas". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Parque National Cajas", map and brochure from Etapa, Cuenca, 2009
  3. ^ a b Cajas Park information
  4. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Retrieved October 26, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  5. ^ Boris A. Tinoco; Pedro X. Astudillo; Steven C. Latta; Catherine H. Graham (2008). "Distribution, ecology and conservation of an endangered Andean hummingbird: the Violet-throated Metaltail" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-28. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to El Cajas.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=El_Cajas_National_Park&oldid=1220378251"