El Espectador
OCLC number 436626557 | | |
Website | elespectador |
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El Espectador ("The Spectator") is a newspaper of national circulation within Colombia, founded by Fidel Cano Gutiérrez on March 22, 1887, in Medellín and published since 1915 in Bogotá. It transition from a daily to a weekly edition in 2001, following a financial crisis, and again with a daily released since May 11, 2008,[2][3] a comeback which had been long rumoured,[4][5] in tabloid format (28 x 39.5 cm). From 1997 to 2011 its main shareholder was Julio Mario Santo Domingo.[6]
It is the oldest newspaper in Colombia. Since its first issue its motto has been "El Espectador will work for the good of the country with liberal criteria and for the good of the liberal principles with patriotic criteria". It was initially published twice a week, 500 issues each. It defined itself as a "political, literary, news and industrial newspaper". Years later it became a daily and in 2001 became a weekly. Since then, the paper uses the slogan "El Espectador. Opinion is news", implying it now focuses in opinion articles, not in breaking news. This focus was kept when it regained its daily format on 11 May 2008.[7]
According to the latest Estudio General de Medios (EGM – Segunda Ola 2007 (II-2007)), El Espectador has 687,900 readers every week.[8] It is a member of the Inter American Press Association and the Asociación de Diarios Colombianos (ANDIARIOS).
History
Since its foundation in 1887, El Espectador acted as a speaker for the Colombian Liberal Party, at the time opposed to the administrations of the conservative Regeneration. It was closed by the authorities several times:[9]
- 8 July 1887, by the Rafael Núñezadministration, 134 days after its first issue, until 10 January 1888.
- 27 October 1888, by the then designated Carlos Holguín Sardi, until 12 February 1891; previously, the Catholic Church had forbidden its followers to read the newspaper, because of criticism of the lavishness of the Catholic Church in public celebrations made by its director.[10]
- On 26 September 1892 the government fined the newspaper with $200.000 after considering one of its articles "subversive".
- 8 August 1893, by Antioquia governor Abraham García, until 14 March 1896. Fidel Cano Gutiérrez was jailed.
- On 27 June 1896, until 27 April 1897, due to a press law recently passed by the Congress.
- The outbreak of the Thousand Days Warmade El Espectador suspend its activities between 19 October 1899 and 16 October 1903
- On 17 December 1904 it was suspended again, after facing difficulties and opposing the Rafael Reyes administration. It appeared again on 2 January 1913, as an evening daily in Medellín.
Since 10 February 1915 El Espectador has been simultaneously published in Medellín and Bogotá. Its Medellín edition was suspended on 20 July 1923.
In 1948, after the
In 1955 the newspaper, outspokenly opposed to the military government of Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, publishing several articles by Alberto Lleras Camargo, with a substantial effect on public opinion. In December, the government accused El Espectador of several accounting and tax irregularities, and fined the newspaper $10,000 on 20 December 1955. On 6 January 1956 the National Taxes Direction imposed on El Espectador a fine of $600,000. Its directors, who were forbidden to respond to the accusations against the paper, suspended its publication that day.
In order to replace El Espectador, on 20 February 1956 appeared El Independiente, directed by Alberto Lleras Camargo, who retired in April when the newspaper was closed for several months. It was published again in 1957 but due to an agreement by the opposition newspapers, it suspended its publication on 5 May. Five days later, Rojas Pinilla was ousted. El Independiente circulated until 31 May 1958. The next day, Jun 1, it was formally replaced by El Espectador.
In 1964 its headquarters moved from downtown to western Bogotá, on the avenida 68, the area becoming known as Avenida El Espectador. At the inauguration, its then director Gabriel Cano Villegas said: "if El Tiempo has the best corner in Bogotá, El Espectador has the best corner in the country."[11]
Throughout the 20th century El Espectador was the main Liberal newspaper, with El Tiempo, both holding an important political influence. Among its main contributors it had some of the most important Colombian journalists at the time, like
In 2007, its publisher Fidel Cano Correa said he did not agree with former President
Journalism of ideas
During the 20th century El Espectador criticized other mass
El Espectador also demanded in its editorials
The newspaper rejected being considered as "subversive opposition" and criticized Liberal president
El Espectador also criticized, openly,
What this country really needs is not money, metal, pure
morals in both public and private sectors. Drug trafficking has corrupted us, the buying and selling of influence has corrupted us, the rush for easy money has corrupted us.
Guillermo Cano Isaza. Libreta de Apuntes. 12 January 1986[10]
Our
Guillermo Cano's murder
As stated before, El Espectador stood firm against drug trafficking and often published articles on related crimes.
On 17 December 1986, the then director of El Espectador, Guillermo Cano Isaza, was assassinated in front of the newspaper offices by gunmen paid by Pablo Escobar, after publishing several articles critical of Colombia's drug barons. Cano left the headquarters around 19:00 in his family's Subaru Leone After he made a U-turn on the Avenida El Espectador, one of the hitmen approached the wagon Cano was driving, shot him in the chest four times with an Uzi, and then fled on a motorcycle identified with the licence plate FAX84. Cano was 61 years old, and had been a journalist for 44 years. His murder is still considered unpunished.[17][18][19][20] On December 18, 1986,and September 3, 1989 El Espectador's main headline was Seguimos adelante ("We are going on").[11]
The World Press Freedom Prize, awarded annually by UNESCO since 1997, is named in his honour, for "his courage, his compromise with independent journalism and the tenacity with which he fought for his country", which "are an example for the rest of the world to follow. Guillermo Cano's fate exemplifies the price paid by journalists the world over in exercising their profession; journalists are imprisoned and ill-treated every day and the fact that these crimes, for the most part, go unpunished is even more alarming."[21]
On 2 September 1989 the paper's offices were bombed by the
Defence of the freedom of the press
On 29 May 2000
On 23 August 1999, a group called Colombian Rebel Army (ERC) published a communiqué issuing death threats against 21 personalities engaged in the then ongoing peace process, accusing them of "promoting war between Colombians". Among those personalities two El Espectador contributors were mentioned, Alfredo Molano y Arturo Alape.[22] On 19 January 1999, Molano left the country (he would return years later). Molano had condemned the massacre of 130 people perpetrated weeks before by members of AUC commanded by Carlos Castaño, who had referred to Molano as "paraguerrilla".[22] On 18 September, Plinio Apuleyo Mendoza, who had worked for El Espectador and RCN Radio, went into exile.[22]
Between February and May 2000, journalist
On 21 March 2003 columnist
In May 2003 the newspaper, through an editorial written by its then director
On 18 November 2004, a Bogotá court sentenced columnist and film director Lisandro Duque to three days in jail and a 470 euros fine, for not publishing a rectification after a sentence for defamation, when in column published 13 April 2003 Duque criticized Claudia Triana de Vargas, manager of a film production company. Instead of rectifying, Duque wrote in a piece published 7 September that he had "no enough evidence" to support his criticism. Duque appealed the court sentence.[27]
El Espectador in the 21st century
Presence on the web
On 29 May 1996 the then daily newspaper launched its website elespectador.com.[31] Its design format and layout have been changed several times[32][33][34][35][36] In 2006 later added the .com to its logo, comments to the articles and user registration.[37] Access hits to Elespectador.com grew 79% in 2007.[8]
On 7 March 2008 elespectador.com was revamped, setting up four "editions": online, latest news, news map and print version. It also improved the registration system and the
In April 2016,[40] the journalist Maria Paulina Baena and the journal's opinion coordinator Juan Carlos Rincón released La Pulla, a political and opinion journalism YouTube channel.[41]
From daily to weekly
Despite El Espectador had been the Colombian newspaper with the second highest
RWB stated that "media diversity suffered a heavy blow" when the newspaper "downgraded itself to a weekly."[42]
The
Since then, their editors Rodrigo Pardo, Carlos Lleras de la Fuente, Ricardo Santamaría, and Fidel Cano Correa tried to recover the financial balance and the newspaper's circulation. As a weekly, it was published on Saturdays, with Sunday's date. Counting with the free time readers have available on weekends, El Espectador focused on opinion, investigation, and analysis pieces, recovering its circulation, influence, and earnings.
In 2007 Fidel Cano Correa stated in an interview with
Daily focus, supplements, and alliances
Every day of the week, except Sunday, El Espectador devotes around 10 pages to a specific "focus":
- Monday: Negocios (Business)
- Tuesday: Deportes (Sports)
- Wednesday: Internacional (World news)
- Thursday: Vivir (Living)
- Friday: Cultura (Culture)
- Saturday: Gente (People)
It also publishes three magazines, published once in a month each: Autos/Motos, Espacios, and Discovery Health. On Mondays El Espectador publishes a 6-page edition of .
Design
Since 2004,
Current management and employees
President
Publisher
- Fidel Cano Correa (2004–present)
Editorial board
- Héctor Abad Faciolince
- Ramiro Bejarano
- Alejandro Gaviria
- Armando Montenegro
- Pilar Reyes
Editors
- Jorge Cardona, editor-in-chief
- Fernando Araújo, Arts and People.
- Olga Lucía Barona, Sports.
- Angélica Lagos, International.
- Leonardo Rodríguez, elespectador.com
- Norbey Quevedo, Investigations.
- Juan David Laverde, Crime and Law
- Hugo García Segura, Politics
- Edwin Bohórquez, Business
- Alex Marín, Bogotá
Regular columnists
Sunday
- Héctor Abad Faciolince
- Fernando Araújo Vélez
- Ramiro Bejarano Guzmán
- Mauricio Botero Caicedo
- Piedad Bonnet
- María Elvira Samper
- Juan Esteban Constain
- Humberto de la Calle
- Cristina de la Torre
- Lisandro Duque Naranjo
- Alejandro Gaviria
- Iván Mejía Álvarez
- Alfredo Molano Bravo
- Armando Montenegro
- Luis Fernando Montoya
- William Ospina
- Hernán Peláez Restrepo
- Hugo Sabogal
- Eduardo Sarmiento
- Harry Sason
- María Antonieta Solórzano
- Tola y Maruja
- María Emma Wills
- Felipe Zuleta Lleras
Monday
Tuesday
- Eduardo Barajas Sandoval
- Antonio Casale
- Tulio Elí Chinchilla
- Marcela Lleras
- Andrés Marocco
- Iván Mejía Álvarez
- Aura Lucía Mera
- Daniel Pacheco
- Hernán Peláez Restrepo
- César Rodríguez Garavito
- Reinaldo Spitaletta
- Rodrigo Uprimny
Wednesday
- Danilo Arbilla
- es:Fernando Carrillo Flórez
- Pascual Gaviria
- Hernán González Rodríguez
- Andrés Hoyos
- José Fernando Isaza
- Patricia Lara Salive
- Cecilia Orozco Tascón
- Hernando Roa Suárez
- Juan Pablo Ruiz Soto
- Arlene B. Tickner
Thursday
- Rodolfo Arango
- Luis Eduardo Garzón
- Gustavo Gómez Córdoba
- María Teresa Herrán
- Ana Milena Muñoz de Gaviria
- Rafael Orduz
- Ángela María Orozco
- Uriel Ortiz Soto
- Elisabeth Ungar Bleier
- Klaus Ziegler
Friday
- Ricardo Arias Trujillo
- Ana María Cano Posada
- Hugo Chaparro Valderrama
- Juan David Correa Ulloa
- Jorge Iván Cuervo R.
- Francisco Gutiérrez Sanín
- Esteban Carlos Mejía
- Mario Morales
- Lucas Ospina
- Mario Fernando Prado
- Yesid Reyes Alvarado
- Augusto Trujillo Muñoz
- Juan Gabriel Vásquez
- Carlos Villalba Bustillo
- Juan Villoro
Saturday
Blog writers
- Tim Buendía
- Julián Andres Rivera Sulez
- Nicolas Acosta
- Julia Londoño
- Juan Herrera
- Gonzalo gGuerrero
- Joseph Aldemar Casañas Angulo
Syndicated columnists
- Paulo Coelho
- Umberto Eco
- Christopher Hitchens
- Nicholas D. Kristof
- Tomás Eloy Martínez
Former Publishers
- Ricardo Santamaría (2003)
- Carlos Lleras de la Fuente (1999–2002)
- Rodrigo Pardo (1998–1999)
- Juan Guillermo Cano and Fernando Cano (1986–1997)
- Guillermo Cano Isaza(1952–1986)
- Gabriel Cano(1919 - 1923: Medellín edition; 1949 - 1958 Bogotá edition)
- Luis Cano (1919–1949)
- Fidel Cano Gutiérrez (1887–1919)
See also
- El Mundo
- El Colombiano
- Semana
References
- ^ a b "Periódicos en busca de nuevos negocios" (in Spanish). Dinero. 2008-05-09. Archived from the original on 2008-09-22. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
- ^ a b "El Espectador impreso vuelve a ser diario". El Espectador (in Spanish). 2008-05-07. Archived from the original on 2019-04-30. Retrieved 2008-05-07.
- ^ Solano, Víctor (2008-05-03). "El Espectador vuelve a diario el 11 de mayo" (in Spanish).
- ^ Solano, Víctor (2008-01-13). "¿Pasará este año El Periódico?" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2009-12-17. Retrieved 2008-05-03.
- Semana. 2008-04-19.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Vendido El Espectador". El Tiempo (in Spanish). 1997-11-13.
- ^ Osorio, Marcela (2008-05-11). "¡Seguimos adelante!". El Espectador (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2008-05-11.
- ^ a b El Espectador (2007-12-03). "Audiencia de Elespectador.com creció 79 por ciento" (in Spanish).
- (PDF) on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-05-03.
- ^ a b c Martínez, Helda (2007-03-21). "El Espectador cumple 120 años de protagonista" (in Spanish). Inter Press Service. Archived from the original on 2013-01-12. Retrieved 2008-05-03.
- ^ Revista Cromos. 2007. Archived from the originalon 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-05-03.
- ^ Semana (in Spanish). Archived from the originalon 2007-05-15. Retrieved 2008-05-03.
- ^ Cano Isaza, Guillermo (1980-07-27). "Noticiero Oficial Militar en TV". Libreta de Apuntes, El Espectador (in Spanish). Fundación Guillermo Cano.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Cano Isaza, Guillermo (1983-07-17). "La credibilidad de un periódico". Libreta de Apuntes, El Espectador (in Spanish). Fundación Guillermo Cano.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Cano Isaza, Guillermo (1983-09-28). "Sobre la libertad de prensa". Editorial, El Espectador (in Spanish). Fundación Guillermo Cano.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Cano Isaza, Guillermo (1979-07-15). "Si eso es oposición..." Libreta de Apuntes, El Espectador (in Spanish). Fundación Guillermo Cano. Archived from the original on 2007-08-13.
- ^ Inter American Press Society (2004-10-08). "Release of one of the accused in journalist's murder a setback in the fight against impunity, says IAPA". International Freedom of Expression Exchange.
- ^ Fundación para la Libertad de Prensa (2006-12-22). "Launching of Guillermo Cano university chair among activities marking 20th anniversary of "El Espectador" editor's murder, still unpunished". International Freedom of Expression Exchange.
- ^ Fundación Guillermo Cano Isaza (2006-12-07). "20 AÑOS DEL SACRIFICIO DE GUILLERMO CANO ISAZA" (in Spanish). Centro de Solidaridad - Federación Internacional de Periodistas. Archived from the original on 2008-06-13. Retrieved 2008-05-03.
- ^ "Case: Guillermo Cano Isaza". Crimes Against Journalists, Impunity Project.
- ^ "About the UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize". UNESCO. 2006-10-18. Archived from the original on 2016-09-16. Retrieved 2019-08-05.
- ^ a b c d "2000 Annual report - Colombia". Reporters Without Borders. Archived from the original on February 22, 2008.
- ^ "Journalist kidnapped". Reporters Without Borders. 2000-05-29. Archived from the original on November 3, 2004.
- ^ Bourgeat, Régis; Iván García (2001-11-22). "The press as a "military target" : armed groups against press freedom". Reporters Without Borders. Archived from the original on 2007-10-30. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
- ^ "Colombia - 2003 Annual Report". Reporters Without Borders. Archived from the original on 2007-10-30. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
- ^ a b Miembros de la Policía agreden a fotógrafo de El Espectador (2003-02-10). "Miembros de la Policía agreden a fotógrafo de El Espectador" (in Spanish). Fundación para la Libertad de Prensa.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b "Colombia - Annual Report 2004". Reporters Without Borders. Archived from the original on 2007-10-31. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
- ^ "Concern about death threats against head of news photographers' association". Reporters Without Borders. 2003-03-07. Archived from the original on 2007-10-30. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
- ^ a b "El Espectador denuncia interfrencia en investigación periodística" (in Spanish). Fundación para la Libertad de Prensa. 2003-05-12.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Police accused of spying on news weekly for the benefit of interior and justice minister". Reporters Without Borders. 2003-05-16. Archived from the original on 2007-10-30. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
- ^ El Espectador (1996-05-29). "elespectador.com". Archived from the original on 1996-11-03.
- ^ El Espectador (2000-05-10). "elespectador.com". Internet Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on 2000-05-10.
- ^ El Espectador (2000-08-16). "elespectador.com". Archived from the original on 2000-08-16.
- ^ El Espectador (2002-01-12). "elespectador.com". Internet Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on 2002-01-24.
- ^ El Espectador (2002-09-26). "elespectador.com". Internet Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on 2002-09-27.
- ^ El Espectador (2004-06-10). "elespectador.com". Internet Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on 2004-06-10.
- ^ El Espectador (2007-02-10). "elespectador.com". Archived from the original on 2007-02-10.
- ^ Cámara Colombiana de Informática y Telecomunicaciones (2008-10-02). "Premio Colombia en Línea 2008" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2008-10-07. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
- ^ El Espectador (2008-10-02). "Elespectador.com, mejor sitio de noticias online del país" (in Spanish).
- ^ "La Pulla - YouTube". www.youtube.com. Retrieved 2021-06-02.
- ^ Semana (2016-06-11). ""Nos emberracamos, pero con argumentos": La Pulla". Semana.com Últimas Noticias de Colombia y el Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-06-02.
- ^ "COLOMBIA - Annual report 2002 (1/2)". Reporters Without Borders. Archived from the original on 2007-10-30. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
- ^ "Colombia: la crisis golpea El Espectador" (in Spanish). BBC Mundo. 2001-08-31.
- Revista Semana (in Spanish). 2008-05-10. Archived from the originalon 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2008-05-11.
- ^ Business Wire (2008-09-23). "The New York Times International Weekly Launches in Three Additional Newspapers Worldwide". The New York Times Company. Archived from the original on 2013-02-21.
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has generic name (help) - ^ "'The New York Times' en El Espectador". El Espectador (in Spanish). 2008-08-29. Archived from the original on 2011-07-10. Retrieved 2008-10-04. see sample Archived 2008-10-10 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Featured projects - El Espectador". Lacava Design.
- ^ "El Espectador de Colombia, de nuevo a diario" (in Spanish). Cuatro Tipos. 2008-05-25.
External links
- (in Spanish) El Espectador web page
- (in Spanish) Latest news
- (in Spanish) Print edition Archived 2008-05-10 at the Wayback Machine
- (in Spanish) News map Archived 2008-05-11 at the Wayback Machine
- (in Spanish) Videos