Elbasan alphabet
Elbasan alphabet 𐔀𐔐𐔉𐔀𐔁𐔇𐔝𐔍 𐔍 𐔇𐔐𐔁𐔀𐔛𐔀𐔓𐔍𐔝 | ||
---|---|---|
Script type | Alphabet
| |
Time period | 18th century | |
Direction | Left-to-right Unicode range | U+10500 – U+1052F[1] |
The Elbasan alphabet is a mid 18th-century
Letters
Letters[4] | Latin alphabet | Pronunciation |
---|---|---|
𐔀 | a | [a ɑ ɒ] |
𐔁 | b | [b] |
𐔂 | c | [ts] |
𐔃 | ç, xh | [tʃ], [dʒ][5] |
𐔄 | d | [d] |
𐔅 | nd | [nd] |
𐔆 | dh | [ð] |
𐔇 | e | [e ɛ][5] |
𐔈 | ë | [ə][5] |
𐔉 | f | [f] |
𐔊 | g | [ɡ] |
𐔋 | gj | [ɟ] |
𐔌 | h | [h ħ] |
𐔍 | i | [i] |
𐔎 | j | [j] |
𐔏 | k | [k q] |
𐔐 | l | [l] |
𐔑 | ll | [ɫ] |
𐔒 | m | [m] |
𐔓 | n | [n] |
𐔔 | n (before g and gj) | [n][5] |
𐔕 | nj | [ɲ] |
𐔖 | o | [o ɔ] |
𐔗 | p | [p] |
𐔘 | q | [tɕ] |
𐔙 | r | [ɾ] |
𐔚 | rr | [r] |
𐔛 | s | [s] |
𐔜 | sh | [ʃ] |
𐔝 | t | [t] |
𐔞 | th | [θ] |
𐔟 | u | [u] |
𐔠 | v | [v] |
𐔡 | x | [dz] |
𐔢 | y | [y] |
𐔣 | z | [z] |
𐔤 | zh | [ʒ] |
𐔥 | gh | [ɣ] (Greek loanwords) |
𐔦 | gh | [ɣ] (Greek loanwords) |
𐔧 | kh | [x] (Greek loanwords) |
Creation
The Elbasan Gospel Manuscript
The Elbasan Gospel Manuscript comes from the
The manuscript was purchased a little before or around World War II by the politician
Authorship
The author of the alphabet remains unknown, though several hypotheses have been brought forward. The most accepted proposal comes from Mahir Domi in 1965, claiming the Moschopole typographer Gregory of Durrës to be the author of the alphabet. Domi bases his claim on several factors, the main one being a note by Georgios Zaviras (1744–1804) which states "Gregory of Durrës translated the Old and New Testament on a script he invented himself".[7] Domi's hypothesis was later supported by Robert Elsie.
The name "Papa Totasi" (father Totasi) is written on the cover's
Historical analysis
Properties
The Elbasan alphabet exhibited a nearly
Dots are used on three characters as inherent features to indicate varied pronunciation found in Albanian: single r represents the
Unicode
Elbasan (U+10500–U+1052F) was added to the Unicode Standard in June 2014 with the release of version 7.0.
Elbasan[1][2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
U+1050x | 𐔀 | 𐔁 | 𐔂 | 𐔃 | 𐔄 | 𐔅 | 𐔆 | 𐔇 | 𐔈 | 𐔉 | 𐔊 | 𐔋 | 𐔌 | 𐔍 | 𐔎 | 𐔏 |
U+1051x | 𐔐 | 𐔑 | 𐔒 | 𐔓 | 𐔔 | 𐔕 | 𐔖 | 𐔗 | 𐔘 | 𐔙 | 𐔚 | 𐔛 | 𐔜 | 𐔝 | 𐔞 | 𐔟 |
U+1052x | 𐔠 | 𐔡 | 𐔢 | 𐔣 | 𐔤 | 𐔥 | 𐔦 | 𐔧 | ||||||||
Notes |
See also
Sources
- ^ Final Accepted Script Proposal
- ^ ISSN 0081-9077.
- ISBN 9781444359688.
- ^ "Elbasan alphabet". Omniglot. Retrieved 2019-04-15.
- ^ a b c d Everson, Michael; Elsie, Robert (2010-06-23). "Preliminary proposal for encoding the Elbasan script in the SMP of the UCS" (PDF). DKUUG (Dansk Unix User Group).
- ^ a b Elsie, Robert. "GREGORY OF DURRËS". Archived from the original on 2012-01-13.
- ^ Mahir Domi (1965). Rreth autorit dhe kohës së dorëshkrimit elbasanas me shqipërim copash të ungjillit. In: “Konferenca e parë e Studimeve Albanologjike,” Tiranë, 15-21 nëndor 1962. Tiranë, p. 170–177
- ISBN 978-9989-58-268-4.
- ^ Llazar Siliqi (1963). Albanian contemporary prose. State Pub. Enterprise Naim Frashëri.
- ISBN 978-3-447-03714-3.
- ^ Rugova, Yll (2022-01-01). "Dëshmi mbi një alfabet origjinal të shqipes nga shekulli XVII: Kozmai i Durrësit si shpikës i mundshëm i alfabetit të parë origjinal të shqipes". Shejzat.
- ^ Shuteriqi, Dhimitër (1949). Anonimi i Elbasanit. Shkrimi shqip në Elbasan në shekujt XVIII-XIX dhe Dhaskal Todhri. Tiranë: Buletin i Institutit të Shkencavet, 1949. Pages 33-54. Page 38
- ^ Domi, Mahir (1965). Rreth autorit dhe kohës së dorëshkrimit elbasanas me shqipërim copash të ungjillit. In the First Conference of Albanologic Studies: Tiranë, 1965. Pages 270-277
- Trix, Frances (1997). "Alphabet conflict in the Balkans: Albanian and the congress of Monastir". International Journal of the Sociology of Language. 128: 1–23. S2CID 143944248.
- Trix, Frances (1999). "The Stamboul alphabet of Shemseddin Sami Bey: precursor to Turkish script reform". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 31 (2): 255–272. .
- West, Andrew. "What's New in Unicode 7.0". BabelStone. Archived from the original on 2013-11-09. Retrieved 2013-10-22.
- Everson, Michael; Elsie, Robert (2011-02-03). "N3985: Proposal for encoding the Elbasan script in the SMP of the UCS" (PDF). Working Group Document, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2.