Electronic game

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For games using the internet, see online game. For the magazine, see Electronic Games.
An LCD screen Yahtzee game

An electronic game is a game that uses electronics to create an interactive system with which a player can play. Video games are the most common form today, and for this reason the two terms are often used interchangeably. There are other common forms of electronic game including handheld electronic games, standalone systems (e.g. pinball, slot machines, or electro-mechanical arcade games), and exclusively non-visual products (e.g. audio games).

Teletype games

Main article: Text-based game

The earliest form of computer game to achieve any degree of mainstream use was the text-based

computer screens became standard during the rise of the third generation computer, text-based command line-driven language parsing Teletype games transitioned into visual interactive fiction allowing for greater depth of gameplay and reduced paper requirements. This transition was accompanied by a simultaneous shift from the mainframe environment to the personal computer
. Several of these subsequently were ported to systems with video displays, eliminating the need for a teletype printer.

Examples of text-based Teletype games include:

Electronic handhelds

Main article: Handheld electronic game

The earliest form of

liquid crystal and Vacuum fluorescent display screens with detailed images and in the case of VFD games, color. Handhelds were at their most popular from the late 1970s into the early 1990s. They are both the predecessors to and inexpensive alternatives to the handheld game console
.

Examples of handheld electronic games include:

Pinball machines and similar devices

Main article: Pinball § Solid-state era

Since the introduction of electromechanics to the pinball machine in 1933's Contact, pinball has become increasingly dependent on electronics as a means to keep score on the backglass and to provide quick impulses on the playfield (as with bumpers and flippers) for exciting gameplay. Unlike games with electronic visual displays, pinball has retained a physical display that is viewed on a table through glass. Similar forms of game such as pachinko have also become increasingly dependent on electronics in modern times.

Examples of pinball games include:

Redemption games and merchandisers

Main article: Redemption game

Redemption games such as Skee-Ball have been around since the days of the carnival game - well earlier than the development of the electronic game, however with modern advances many of these games have been re-worked to employ electronic scoring and other game mechanics. The use of electronic scoring mechanisms has allowed carnival or arcade attendants to take a more passive role, simply exchanging prizes for electronically dispensed coupons and occasionally emptying out the coin boxes or banknote acceptors of the more popular games.

Merchandisers such as the

Claw Crane
are more recent electronic games in which the player must accomplish a seemingly simple task (e.g. remotely controlling a mechanical arm) with sufficient ability to earn a reward.

Examples of redemption games include:

Examples of merchandisers include:

  • Claw crane
     (1980)

Slot machines

Main article: Slot machine

The slot machine is a casino gambling machine with three or more reels which spin when a button is pushed. Though slot machines were originally operated mechanically by a lever on the side of the machine (the one arm) instead of an electronic button on the front panel as used on today's models, many modern machines still have a "legacy lever" in addition to the button on the front. Slot machines include a currency detector that validates the coin or money inserted to play. The machine pays off based on patterns of symbols visible on the front of the machine when it stops. Modern computer technology has resulted in many variations on the slot machine concept.

Audio games

Main article: Audio game

An audio game is a game played on an electronic device such as—but not limited to—a personal computer. It is similar to a

video gamers. Most audio games run on a computer platform, although there are a few audio games for handhelds and video game consoles. Audio games feature the same variety of genres as video games, such as adventure games, racing games
, etc.

Examples of audio games include:

Tabletop games

A tabletop audio game is an audio game that is designed to be played on a table rather than a handheld game.

Examples of tabletop audio games include:

Video games

Main article: Video game

A video game is a game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. The word video in video game traditionally referred to a raster display device.[2] However, with the popular use of the term "video game", it now implies any type of display device.

Term "digital game" has been offered by some in academia as an alternative term.[3]

Arcade games

Main article: Arcade game
See also: Golden age of arcade video games

Electronic video arcade games make extensive use of solid state electronics and integrated circuits. In the past coin-operated arcade video games generally used custom per-game hardware often with multiple CPUs, highly specialized sound and graphics chips and/or boards, and the latest in computer graphics display technology. Recent arcade game hardware is often based on modified video game console hardware or high end pc components. Arcade games may feature specialized ambiance or control accessories, including fully enclosed dynamic cabinets with

lightguns, rear-projection displays, reproductions of car or plane cockpits and even motorcycle or horse-shaped controllers, or even highly dedicated controllers such as dancing mats and fishing rods
. These accessories are usually what set modern arcade games apart from PC or console games, and they provide an experience that some gamers consider more immersing and realistic.

Examples of arcade games include:

Computer games

Main article: PC game

A personal computer video game (also known as a

cathode ray tube
have been used to relay game information.

Console games

Main article: Console game
See also: Video game console

A console game is a form of interactive

analog joysticks) each of which has been assigned a purpose for interacting with and controlling the images on the screen. The display, speakers, console, and controls of a console can also be incorporated into one small object known as a handheld game console
.

Console games are most frequently differentiated between by their compatibility with consoles belonging in the following categories:

  • Traditional console, also called "home console" - A multi-game system that uses the screen of a television to produce graphics.
  • Handheld game console - A multi-game system the screen and controls of which are compacted into a single handheld device.
  • LCD game
    .

Hybrid or combined games

Game hybridization refers to the integration of an interactive, electronic component into a game. A "hybrid" or "combined game" is any tabletop game where an electronic device and/or application is an element crucial to the gameplay.[4] These games are a catalyst for creating new game mechanics. Important consequences of this technology are: the possible substitution of the gamemaster or person who leads a game for an application or device, which can be more fair, with less room for bias, cheating or favouritism, and can be intelligently randomised; the possibility of using artificial intelligence and machine learning in games; greater randomisation of events; possibility of conducting fast and advanced mathematical calculations, making some complex games easier or available to a wider group of consumers; and enhanced player immersion with the aid of various stimuli like sound or animation.[5]

One may categorize hybrid games as follows:

Other

Electronics have been adapted for use in a wide range of applications. Board games such as Dark Tower, for instance, rely heavily upon electronics. Non-traditional electronic games such as Rubik's Revolution or electronic toys which blur the boundaries between games and toys such as the Electronic Magic 8 Ball Date Ball[9] or the Electronic Ouija Board[10] are often considered electronic games as well.

Electro-mechanical games

Main article: Arcade game: Electro-mechanical games

These were types of

golden age of video arcade games
that began in 1978.

A popular early example was

Duck Hunt,[15] which Sega released in 1969;[16] it featured animated moving targets on a screen, printed out the player's score on a ticket, and had sound effects that were volume controllable.[15]

Non-human games

With the development of technology geared toward electronic entertainment of animals (typically pets), video games for pets have also been created. Since the majority of animals lack opposable thumbs, the fine motor skills required for use in most gaming is unavailable to these animals. Furthermore, the visual perception of many animals is influenced by a different visible spectrum than humans.[17] Techniques that de-emphasize manual control and visual components have been developed to circumvent these problems beginning with the development of television for pets.[18][19] From this point, developers have branched out into the realm of electronic games with such products as Mice Arena (for mice), Chicken Petman, and Cyberpounce (for cats).[20][21][22]

References

  1. ^ "Brain Shift". BoardGameGeek. Retrieved 2019-09-28.
  2. ^ "TELEVISION GAMING APPARATUS AND METHOD". United States Patents. Archived from the original on 2013-09-17. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
  3. ISBN 9781135178871
    . Retrieved 2021-10-20.
  4. doi:10.1145/506443.506523
    ·
  5. ^ Danesh, A., Inkpen, K.M., Lau, F.W., Shu, K.S., Booth, K.S. Geney: Designing a collaborative activity for the Palm handheld computer. In Proceedings of CHI, Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Seattle, USA, April 2001
  6. ^ "Monopoly: Electronic Banking (2007)". BoardGameGeek. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
  7. ^ "Beacons bring board game into the real world: Artifact's BattleKasters makes PAX Prime debut". GeekWire. 28 August 2015. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
  8. ^ "Roar!". Archived from the original on 23 August 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
  9. ^ Hanks, Anna. Over the 8 Ball - This Essay for Entertainment Purposes Only ... Archived 2010-02-01 at the Wayback Machine. The Austin Chronicle. 29 October 1999.
  10. ^ Meacham, Tara. About Ouija Boards. eHow. Retrieved 8 December 2008.
  11. ^
    About.com, archived
    from the original on 2011-07-17, retrieved 2011-05-03
  12. ISBN 0-9704755-0-0
  13. ^ Brian Ashcraft (2008) Arcade Mania! The Turbo Charged World of Japan's Game Centers, p. 133, Kodansha International
  14. ISBN 0-7615-3643-4
  15. ^ a b "1969 Sega Duck Hunt (Arcade Flyer)". pinrepair.com. Archived from the original on 2011-04-29. Retrieved 2011-05-03.
  16. Killer List of Videogames
  17. ABC Online
    . 25 September 2003.
  18. ^ Entertainment Property for Dogs Raises Awareness and Money for Animal Charities Archived 2009-01-06 at the Wayback Machine. PR Newswire. 28 November 2004.
  19. ^ Pet Videos Archived 2008-10-22 at the Wayback Machine. PetDVDLibrary.com. Retrieved 8 December 2008.
  20. ^ Ashcraft, Brian. Video Games For Animals Archived 2008-10-05 at the Wayback Machine. Kotaku. 18 April 2006.
  21. ^ Cats become the new e-consumers.(Product Information) Archived 2009-10-11 at the Wayback Machine. Computer Weekly. 7 June 2001.
  22. ^ Chatterton, Sally. The Daily Website: www.cyberpounce.com The Independent (London). 12 June 2001.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electronic_game&oldid=1190031832"