Electrophilic substitution
Electrophilic substitution reactions are
aromatic compounds and are common ways of introducing functional groups into benzene rings. Some aliphatic
compounds can undergo electrophilic substitution as well.
Electrophilic aromatic substitution
In electrophilic substitution in
aromatic ring
, usually hydrogen, is replaced by an electrophile.
The most important reactions of this type that take place are Friedel-Crafts reactions
.
It further consists of alkylation and acylation.
Electrophilic aliphatic substitution
In electrophilic substitution in
SN2. In the SE1 course of action the substrate first ionizes into a carbanion and a positively charged organic residue. The carbanion then quickly recombines with the electrophile. The SE2 reaction mechanism has a single transition state
in which the old bond and the newly formed bond are both present.
Electrophilic aliphatic substitution reactions are:
- Nitrosation
- Ketone halogenation
- Keto-enol tautomerism
- Aliphatic diazonium coupling
- Carbene insertion into C-H bonds
- Carbonyl alpha-substitution reactions
References
- March, Jerry (1985). Advanced Organic Chemistry (5th ed.). Wiley.
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