Elias Magnus Fries

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Elias Magnus Fries
Born(1794-08-15)15 August 1794
Femsjö, Hylte Municipality, Småland, Sweden
Died8 February 1878(1878-02-08) (aged 83)
Uppsala
Alma materLund University
Known forFounder of modern fungal taxonomy
AwardsForeign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Scientific career
FieldsMycology, Botany
InstitutionsLund University
(1814–1834),
Uppsala University
(1834–1878)
Author abbrev. (botany)Fr.
Elias Fries in old age
Building containing historical information on Elias Fries located in Femsjö.

Elias Magnus Fries

botanical names
to hundreds of fungus and lichen species, many of which remain authoritative today.

Career

Fries was born at Femsjö (Hylte Municipality), Småland, the son of the pastor there.[2] He attended school in Växjö.

He acquired an extensive knowledge of flowering plants from his father.

Uppsala University Botanical Garden. In 1853, he became rector of the University.[6]

Fries most important works were the three-volume Systema mycologicum (1821–1832), Elenchus fungorum (1828), the two-volume Monographia hymenomycetum Sueciae (1857 and 1863) and Hymenomycetes Europaei (1874).[7]

Fries is considered to be, after

Christian Hendrik Persoon, a founding father of the modern taxonomy of mushrooms. His taxonomy of mushrooms was influenced by Goethe and the German romantics. He utilized spore color and arrangement of the hymenophore (pores, gills, teeth etc.) as major taxonomic characteristics.[8][9] He was one of the most prolific authors of new fungal species, having formally described 3210 in his career.[10]

Fries died in Uppsala on 8 February 1878.[11] When he died, The Times commented: "His very numerous works, especially on fungi and lichens, give him a position as regards those groups of plants only comparable to that of Linnaeus."[12] Fries was succeeded in the Borgström professorship (from 1859 to 1876) by Johan Erhard Areschoug,[13] after whom Theodor Magnus Fries, the son of Elias, held the chair (from 1877 to 1899).[14]

Publications

  • Monographia Pyrenomycetum Sueciae (1816)
  • Systema Mycologicum (1821)
  • Systema Orbis Vegetabilis (1825)
  • Elenchus Fungorem (1828)
  • Lichenographia Europaea Reformata (1831)
  • Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici: seu synopsis hymenomycetum (1838)

Botanical Reference

The standard author abbreviation Fr. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.[15]

Family

His wife was Christina Wieslander (1808-1862), with whom he raised nine children. His son Theodor Magnus Fries became a botanist and lichenologist, eventually holding the Borgström professorship himself, and another son, Oscar Robert Fries, became a physician in Gothenburg while maintaining a keen interest in mycology.[16] Theodor "Thore" Magnus's sons Thore Christian Elias Fries and Robert Elias Fries also became botanists.[17]

References

  1. doi:10.1016/S0007-1528(81)80003-X
    .
  2. Nordisk Familjebok
    (in Swedish). Vol. 8 (2 ed.). 1908. pp. 1393–1397. Retrieved 3 September 2010.
  3. ^ a b c Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Fries, Elias Magnus" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 229.
  4. doi:10.1038/017343a0
    .
  5. ^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter F" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
  6. ^ Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Fries, Elias Magnus" . Encyclopedia Americana.
  7. Store norske leksikon
    (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 27 March 2009.
  8. ^ "Elias Magnus Fries (1794 - 1878) - a brief biography". First Nature. Archived from the original on 16 June 2015.
  9. ^ "Elias Magnus Fries". Encyclopedia.com. 18 May 2018.
  10. doi:10.11646/megataxa.1.1.16
    .
  11. ISBN 0-902-198-84-X. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  12. ^ The Times, Thursday, 21 February 1878; pg. 6; Issue 29184; col C
  13. ^ Areschoug, John Erhard in Herman Hofberg, Frithiof Heurlin, Viktor Millqvist, Olof Rubenson, 1906, Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon, Albert Bonniers Förlag, Stockholm, pp 42-43. (In Swedish)
  14. ^ Fries, Teodor (Thore) Magnus in Herman Hofberg, Frithiof Heurlin, Viktor Millqvist, Olof Rubenson, 1906, Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon, Albert Bonniers Förlag, Stockholm, pp 361-362. (In Swedish)
  15. ^ International Plant Names Index.  Fr.
  16. doi:10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.01.04
    .
  17. ^ Anders Backlund (3 February 2006). "The Fries Family of Botanists". Uppsala University. Archived from the original on 9 December 2007. Retrieved 6 May 2008.

External links

Cultural offices
Preceded by Swedish Academy,
Seat No.14
1847–1878 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elias_Magnus_Fries&oldid=1215234586"