Elisabeth Targ

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Elisabeth Targ
Born(1961-08-04)August 4, 1961
New York City, New York, U.S.
DiedJuly 13, 2002(2002-07-13) (aged 40)
Portola Valley, California, U.S.
Alma materStanford University
Known forResearch into medicine
Parents
RelativesBobby Fischer (uncle)
Scientific career
FieldsMedicine, psychiatry

Elisabeth Fischer Targ (August 4, 1961 – July 13, 2002) was an American

AIDS patients, attempting to test the theory with a high degree of experimental rigor, with questionable results that eventually were not confirmed by a study published after her death. She died of glioblastoma
, the same cancer she was studying, on July 13, 2002.

Early life

Elisabeth Targ was born in New York City on August 4, 1961, daughter of Russell and Joan Targ, granddaughter to William Targ, and niece to the chess world champion Bobby Fischer.

Targ graduated from

better source needed
]

According to late-life and post mortem accounts, Targ participated in many games and experiments, primarily relating to remote viewing and precognition, while growing up - guessing what her birthday and Christmas presents were before opening them, as well as the outcomes of horse races and presidential elections.[3][1]

Research on healing prayer

Targ is probably best known for a 1998 study that claimed

double-blinded trial.[4][5] Targ received nearly $1.5M in grant funds from the National Institutes of Health to test the effectiveness of prayer on AIDS and breast cancer patients.[6]

However, in 2002

antiretroviral drugs and protease inhibitors[7] had a revolutionary effect on the longevity of AIDS patients, including the study's subjects. As a result, the study was unblinded partway through and the results were dredged for a significant finding. After finding no significant difference in the scores for mortality rate (the study's original outcome measure), symptoms, quality of life, mood scores (which were actually worse for the groups prayed for) and CD4
+ counts, the study's statistician found that there was a significant difference between the groups for hospital stays and doctor visits. After a suggestion from an outside doctor, the group also collected data on 23 different infections commonly found in AIDS patients, using retrospective review of the patients' charts, results which were also found to be significant.

As a result, Bronson stated that the study could no longer be considered properly blinded, and was actually an example of the Texas sharpshooter fallacy when positive results are published while negative results are ignored. A peer reviewer of the study stated that had he known of the multiple attempts to find significance, the data would have required different calculations making it much less likely to have a positive result and therefore considered it a pilot study rather than a conclusive proof.[8]

A later study listing Targ as an author was published in 2006, five years after her death. The study featured a much larger group of subjects (150 rather than 40), and concluded that the only difference between groups that received healing prayer and those that did not was that the group receiving prayer were more likely to guess they were the experimental subjects rather than the control group. There was no difference found between longevity, symptoms, or any other clinically meaningful outcome.[9]

Death

She was diagnosed with and ultimately died from one of the diseases whose treatment she had been studying, the malignant brain tumour

glioblastoma multiforme. Targ underwent surgery which determined that the grade IV glioblastoma was inoperable. Targ's decline and death were watched with great interest by the community of remote healers she worked with, who prayed for her, often arriving at her house to offer their assistance while she was undergoing treatment. While pursuing psychic healing as well as intermittent radiation treatments, she married Mark Comings. Targ died on July 13, 2002 – weeks short of her 41st birthday and after several unsuccessful attempts to treat the cancer with radiation and surgery.[1][10]

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 9780826362315
    .
  2. ^ Stanford Alumni Directory (confidential)
  3. ^ Gardner, Martin (2001). "Notes of a Fringe-Watcher: Distant Healing and Elisabeth Targ". Skeptical Inquirer. Archived from the original on 2011-01-05. Retrieved 2011-01-07.
  4. PMID 9866433
    .
  5. ^ Stryker, Jeff (5 April 1998). "Hallelujah! Science Looks at Prayer for Friend and Fungus". The New York Times.
  6. S2CID 12540423
    .
  7. ^ * United States Department of Health and Human Services (2004). "A Guide to Primary Care for People With HIV/AIDS, 2004 Edition" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-03.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ Bronson, Po (December 1, 2002). "A Prayer Before Dying". Wired. Vol. 10, no. 12. Archived from the original on October 17, 2017. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
  9. PMID 17131980
    .
  10. ^ Squatriglia, Chuck. "Dr. Elisabeth Targ -- physician, researcher". SFGATE. Retrieved 2024-01-19.

External links

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