Elizabeth Dole
Elizabeth Dole | |
---|---|
Director of the Office of Public Liaison | |
In office January 20, 1981 – February 7, 1983 | |
President | Ronald Reagan |
Preceded by | Anne Wexler |
Succeeded by | Faith Whittlesey |
Commissioner of the Federal Trade Commission | |
In office December 4, 1973 – March 9, 1979 | |
Appointed by | Richard Nixon |
Preceded by | Mary Gardiner Jones |
Succeeded by | Patricia Bailey |
Personal details | |
Born | Mary Elizabeth Alexander Hanford July 29, 1936 Salisbury, North Carolina, U.S. |
Political party | Republican (1975–present) |
Other political affiliations | Democratic (before 1975) |
Spouse | |
Education | Duke University (BA) Harvard University (MEd, JD) |
Signature | |
Mary Elizabeth Alexander Dole (née Hanford; born July 29, 1936)[1] is an American attorney, author, and politician who served as a United States Senator from North Carolina from 2003 to 2009. A member of the Republican Party, she previously served in five presidential administrations, including as U.S. Secretary of Transportation under President Ronald Reagan from 1983 to 1987 and as U.S. Secretary of Labor under Reagan's successor, George H. W. Bush, from 1989 until 1990. Dole then left government to serve as president of the American Red Cross from 1991 to 1999; she departed from that position to seek the Republican nomination in the 2000 presidential election but eventually withdrew from the race.
Dole graduated from Duke University in 1958 and earned a Juris Doctor degree from Harvard Law School in 1965. Throughout her public career, she was the first woman to hold a number of positions, including secretary of transportation, becoming the first woman to serve in two different presidential cabinet positions for two presidents after being appointed secretary of labor, as well as the first female U.S. senator from North Carolina and chair of the National Republican Senatorial Committee. She was also the third female secretary of labor and just the second woman to lead the American Red Cross since its founder, Clara Barton. She is the widow of U.S. Senator Bob Dole from Kansas, who served as the Republican Senate leader and was the party's presidential nominee in the 1996 election and vice presidential nominee in the 1976 election.
Early life and education
Dole was born Mary Elizabeth Alexander Hanford in Salisbury, North Carolina, to Mary Ella (née Cathey; 1901–2004) and John Van Hanford (1893–1978).[1][2]
Dole attended Duke University and graduated with distinction in political science on June 2, 1958. She was a finalist for an Angier B. Duke scholarship, a full-tuition award given to outstanding applicants who matriculate at Duke.[3] She was elected to Phi Beta Kappa and was a recipient of the Algernon Sydney Sullivan Award, a national prize given to those exemplifying the ideal of service to others.
Among her activities at Duke were the chapel choir, Chanticleer (yearbook) business staff, freshman advisory council, the Order of the White Duchy (a local honorary society for outstanding women student leaders, a female counterpart of the Order of the Red Friars), Phi Kappa Delta (a local leadership honorary for senior women), and Pi Sigma Alpha (a national political-science honorary society). Dole is a sister of Delta Delta Delta.[4] She was also elected president of the woman's student government association, 1958 May queen, and "leader of the year" by the student newspaper, The Chronicle. Dole has remained involved with Duke University, serving at various points in time as president of the Duke University alumnae association, and a member of the board of trustees and board of visitors.[5] She has spoken formally at Duke several times.
Following her graduation from Duke, she did her post-graduate work at Oxford in 1959. After Oxford, she took a job as a student teacher at Melrose High School in Melrose, Massachusetts, for the 1959–1960 school year.[6] While teaching, she also pursued her master's degree in education from Harvard University, which she earned in 1960, followed by a J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1965.[7] At graduation, she was one of 24 women in a class of 550 students.[8] She is an alumna of the Phi Beta Kappa honor society.
White House years
Johnson administration
Dole, who had campaigned for the
Nixon and Ford administrations
When many Democrats left the White House following Richard Nixon's replacement of Johnson, Dole did not. From 1969 to 1973, she served as deputy assistant to President Nixon for consumer affairs.[11] In 1973, Nixon appointed her to a seven-year term on the Federal Trade Commission.[7]
Dole first met her future husband, Bob Dole, in the spring of 1972 at a meeting arranged by her boss and mentor, Virginia Knauer.[12] The couple dated, and she became his second wife on December 6, 1975, in the Washington National Cathedral.[13] They had no children, though she is stepmother to Bob's adult daughter Robin from his first marriage of 24 years, which ended in divorce in 1972. She attended individually, and later with her husband, the Foundry United Methodist Church in Washington, D.C., before joining the National Presbyterian Church in 1996.[13] Articles at the time reported that the Doles stopped attending Foundry in 1995, finding the pastor at the time, J. Philip Wogaman, too liberal.[14]
In 1975, she became a Republican. She took a leave from her post as a Federal Trade Commissioner for several months in 1976 to campaign for her husband for vice president of the United States, when he ran on the Republican ticket with
Reagan administration and Secretary of Transportation
She served as director of the
During her tenure, the
Bush administration and Secretary of Labor
Dole served as United States Secretary of Labor from 1989 to 1990 under George H. W. Bush; she is the first woman to serve in two different Cabinet positions in the administrations of two presidents. Her tenure as both U.S. Transportation Secretary and U.S. Labor Secretary focused heavily on improving public safety and workplace safety and health.[citation needed]
American Red Cross presidency
In 1991, Dole became the president of the American Red Cross.[19] She served until 1999. She was the second woman to serve as president since Clara Barton founded the organization in 1881. She restructured the world's largest humanitarian organization during her eight years as president, serving as a volunteer in her first year. She also led a transformation of the way the Red Cross collects, tests, and distributes one-half of the nation's blood supply.[20]
1996 Republican National Convention
Dole's husband
2000 United States presidential candidacy
Elizabeth Dole ran for the Republican nomination in the 2000 United States presidential election.
Speculation of a presidential campaign became widespread after Dole announced her departure from her job as president of the Red Cross on January 4, 1999.[21]
Dole announced she was forming an exploratory committee on March 10, 1999.[22]
While Dole had been an active participant in her husband's campaign four years prior, he was largely absent from the campaign trail during her campaign.[23][24]
In August, Dole placed third – behind
Dole withdrew from race in October 1999 before any of the
2000 vice presidential vetting
Shortly before the 2000 Republican National Convention in Philadelphia, Bush campaign sources said Elizabeth Dole was on the short list to be named the vice-presidential nominee, along with Michigan Governor John Engler, New York Governor George Pataki, Pennsylvania Governor Tom Ridge, and former Missouri Senator John Danforth.[26] Many pundits believed that Dole was the frontrunner for the vice presidential nomination. Bush then surprised most pundits by selecting former U.S. Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney, who was actually in charge of leading Bush's search for a vice presidential nominee.[citation needed]
United States Senate career
Campaigns
This section of a poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous. )Find sources: "Elizabeth Dole" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2021) |
In late December 2001, Dole shifted her official residency from the Doles' condominium in the
, by an eight-point margin.Her election to the Senate marked the first time a spouse of a former Senator was elected to the Senate from a different state from that of her spouse. (Although
In November 2004, following Republican gains in the United States Senate, Dole narrowly edged out Senator Norm Coleman of Minnesota for the post of chairman of the National Republican Senatorial Committee. She is the first woman to become chair of the NRSC. During her election cycle as chairperson, her Democratic Party counterpart, Senator Chuck Schumer raised significantly more money, and experienced more success in recruiting candidates. In the November election, Dole's party lost six U.S. Senate seats to the Democrats, thus losing control of the U.S. Senate. Dole was replaced as NRSC chair by Senator John Ensign of Nevada following the 2006 midterms.
2008 Senate re-election campaign
Dole was initially a heavy favorite for re-election, especially after several potential top-tier challengers such as Congressman
In late October, Dole released a controversial television ad attacking Hagan for reportedly taking donations from individuals involved in the
In the 2008 election, Dole lost by a wider-than-expected margin, taking 44 percent of the vote to Hagan's 53 percent. It has been speculated that the outcry over the "Godless" ad contributed to Dole's loss.[38] Hagan trounced Dole in the state's five largest counties – Mecklenburg, Wake, Guilford, Forsyth and Durham. Hagan also dominated most of the eastern portion of the state, which had been the backbone of Helms' past Senate victories. While Dole dominated the Charlotte suburbs and most of the heavily Republican Foothills region, it was not enough to save her seat.
Political positions
Dole's voting record was somewhat more conservative than that of her husband, though slightly less conservative than that of Helms. She has a lifetime rating of 92 from the American Conservative Union.[citation needed]
Dole worked with other senators such as Chuck Hagel to draft and attempt to pass legislation reforming housing financing regulation; the bill did not go up for a vote.[39]
In September 2008, Dole joined the
As a member of the
Committee assignments
Dole was a member of the following U.S. Senate committees:
- U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services
- Emerging Threats and Capabilities
- Personnel
- Readiness and Management Support
- U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
- Financial Institutions
- Housing, Transportation, and Community Development
- Security and International Trade and Finance
- U.S. Senate Select Committee on Aging
- U.S. Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship
After politics: Elizabeth Dole Foundation
In 2012, Dole established the Elizabeth Dole Foundation,[43] dedicated to helping caregivers of "wounded warriors".[44]
Dole commissioned the RAND Corporation to develop the first nationwide comprehensive, evidence-based report on the needs of military and veteran caregivers.[45] The two-year study includes an environmental scan of available services, a gap analysis, and recommendations for meeting the enormous challenges of America's hidden helpers – the young spouses, mothers, fathers and other loved ones caring for those who cared for us. The study was generously supported by the Wounded Warrior Project, the Lilly Endowment, and the Cannon Foundation.[46]
The foundation selects military and veteran caregivers from each state to serve a two-year Fellowship with the foundation. The Dole Fellows represent a vast array of military caregivers: spouses, parents, siblings and friends, and use their voice to help bring awareness on a national scale.[47] The foundation also has a National Coalition Program to bring together private and public entities to create substantial change.[48] in 2022 the foundation selected and began working with the civil rights icon and veteran Bobby Grier.[49][50]
Actor Tom Hanks joined the foundation's Hidden Heroes Campaign to bring awareness to the over 5.5 million military caregivers across America who are facing enormous challenges every day caring for members of the military and gravely injured veterans.[51]
Books
Author
- Dole, Bob & Elizabeth with Richard Norton Smith (1988). The Doles: Unlimited Partners. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-83401-4
- Dole, Elizabeth (2004) Hearts Touched by Fire: My 500 Most Inspirational Quotations. Carroll & Graf. ISBN 0-7867-1428-X
Subject
- Lucas, Eileen (1998) Elizabeth Dole: A Leader In Washington. The Millbrook Press. ISBN 0-7613-0203-4
- Wertheimer, Molly Meijer and Gutgold, Nichola D. (2004) Elizabeth Hanford Dole: Speaking from the Heart. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0-275-98378-1 online
Charity work
Dole accepted no salary from the Red Cross during her first year as president of the organization.[53]
Dole is an honorary board member of the humanitarian organization Wings of Hope.[54]
Awards
In 1995, Dole was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.[55]
In 1999, Dole received the S. Roger Horchow Award for Greatest Public Service by a Private Citizen, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards.[56]
In 2014, Dole was inducted into Indiana Wesleyan University's Society of World Changers for her humanitarian public service efforts.[57]
In July 2018, Dole was honored with the 4th annual Leo K. Thorsness Leadership Award. Named after the Medal of Honor recipient, the award recognizes outstanding service to veteran communities.[58][59]
In September 2023, Dole was awarded the United States Military Academies highest civilian award, the Sylvanus Thayer Award. Named after the father of the academy, the award recognizes outstanding selfless service to the nation.
Electoral history
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Elizabeth Dole | 1,248,664 | 53.56 | +0.92 | |
Democratic | Erskine Bowles | 1,047,983 | 44.96 | -0.96 | |
Libertarian | Sean Haugh | 33,807 | 1.45 | +0.46 | |
write-in | Paul DeLaney | 727 | 0.03 | +0.02 | |
Majority | 200,681 | 8.6 | +1.88 | ||
Turnout | 2,331,181 | ||||
Republican hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Elizabeth Dole (incumbent) | 460,665 | 90.0 | ||
Republican | Pete DiLauro | 51,406 | 10.0 | ||
Turnout | 512,071 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Kay Hagan | 2,249,311 | 52.65 | +7.7 | |
Republican | Elizabeth Dole (incumbent) | 1,887,510 | 44.18 | -9.4 | |
Libertarian | Chris Cole | 133,430 | 3.12 | +1.6 | |
Other | write-ins | 1,719 | 0.0 | 0 | |
Majority | 361,801 | 8.47 | |||
Turnout | 4,271,970 | ||||
Republican
|
Swing |
See also
- List of female United States Cabinet members
- List of people who have held multiple United States Cabinet-level positions
- Wedtech scandal
- Women in the United States Senate
- List of former FTC commissioners
Footnotes
- ^ a b Mary Ella Cathey Hanford, "Asbury and Hanford Families: Newly Discovered Genealogical Information" The Historical Trail 33 (1996), pp. 44–45, 49.
- ^ "Ancestry of Elizabeth Dole (b. 1936)". Wargs.com. Retrieved June 17, 2010.
- ^ Duke University Archives. The Registrar's statistics for Fall 1957 show that 25 men and 12 women seniors were majoring in political science. In the 1958 Commencement Program, hers is the only name listed for departmental honors.
- ^ "Distinguished Deltas". Delta Delta Delta. Retrieved March 25, 2010
- ^ "Elizabeth Dole at Duke University". Duke University Archives. Archived from the original on January 11, 2010. Retrieved July 23, 2013.
- ^ Leonard, Mary (September 21, 1999). "Dole Returns to Melrose Classroom". The Boston Globe. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
- ^ ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 18, 2020.
- ^ "DOLE, Elizabeth Hanford - US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives". history.house.gov.
- ^ "Elizabeth Dole | Distinguished Service Medal | The American Legion". www.legion.org. The American Legion. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
- ^ "DOLE, Elizabeth Hanford | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives". history.house.gov. United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
- ^ "Dole to Give HBS Class Day Speech | News | The Harvard Crimson". www.thecrimson.com. Retrieved March 18, 2020.
- ^ "Elizabeth Dole". CNN. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
- ^ a b Elizabeth Hanford Dole, "For Such a Time As This: A Personal Statement of Faith" The Historical Trail 33 (1996) p. 26
- ^ "Moscow-Pullman Daily News - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com.
- ^ "History Day - Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)". Robert and Elizabeth Dole Archive and Special Collections. April 17, 2013. Archived from the original on May 17, 2022. Retrieved April 17, 2022.
- ^ Kornacki, Steve. "Liberals are not uniquely "unreasonable"". Salon. Archived from the original on May 2, 2012. Retrieved November 26, 2011.
- ^ "The 'L' Word". Newsweek. March 17, 1996. Archived from the original on May 1, 2009. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
- ^ "CAMPAIGN NOTES; Elizabeth Dole Suspends Push for Rights Measure". The New York Times. Retrieved April 17, 2022.
- ^ "Robert and Elizabeth Dole Archive and Special Collections". dolearchives.ku.edu. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
- ^ "Senator Elizabeth Dole". elizabethdolefoundation.org. Archived from the original on October 30, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
- ^ Balz, Dan (January 4, 1999). "Elizabeth Dole Set to Leave Red Cross". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 29, 2021.
- ^ "Dole announces presidential exploratory committee - March 10, 1999". CNN. March 10, 1999. Retrieved May 29, 2021.
- ^ West, Paul (October 21, 1999). "Elizabeth Dole drops presidential campaign". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved May 29, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "ELECTION 2000: Elizabeth Dole: What killed her campaign?". products.kitsapsun.com. Kitsap Sun. Archived from the original on August 12, 2022. Retrieved May 29, 2021.
- ^ "Cain Surges, Nearly Ties Romney for Lead in GOP Preferences". Gallup.com. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
- The Washington Monthly. Archived from the originalon March 5, 2000.
- ^ "Elizabeth Dole FEC Filing and Deed" (PDF). Pam's House Blend. December 26, 2001. Retrieved August 1, 2008.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Elizabeth Dole Gives Hint of Senate Race". The New York Times. August 24, 2001. Retrieved August 1, 2008.
- ^ "Winston-Salem Journal - Democrats are scouting candidates to beat Dole". September 27, 2007. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007.
- ^ a b c "Is the Southern Strategy Dead?". American Prospect. October 24, 2008. Archived from the original on August 10, 2011. Retrieved October 26, 2008.
- ^ "Scrambling the red states". The Economist. October 23, 2008. Retrieved October 23, 2008.
- ^ "Dole, Hagan finishing pitch to voters". Raleigh News & Observer. November 2, 2008. Archived from the original on December 6, 2008. Retrieved November 24, 2008.
- ^ Brown, Campbell. Commentary: Mudslinging to get elected. CNN. October 29, 2008.
- ^ KayHagan.com. Kay on Dole Ad Attacking Her Christian Faith: A Fabricated, Pathetic Ad Archived May 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. October 30, 2008.
- ^ Dole Sued for 'Godless' Attack Ad Archived January 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, ABC News. October 30, 2008.
- ^ Dole challenger irate over suggestion she is 'godless'. CNN. October 30, 2008.
- The Miami Herald. November 11, 2008. Retrieved November 18, 2008. [dead link]
- The Miami Herald. Retrieved January 22, 2009.
- ^ "Watt and Cobb battle for 12th District seat". Davidson County Dispatch. October 16, 2008. Archived from the original on December 25, 2008. Retrieved October 16, 2008.
- ^ "Klobuchar joins bipartisan energy group". Star Tribune. September 12, 2008. Retrieved June 17, 2010.
- Independent Weekly. October 15, 2008. Archived from the originalon November 23, 2008. Retrieved November 25, 2008.
- Daily Tarheel. November 25, 2008. Archived from the originalon April 8, 2009. Retrieved November 26, 2008.
- ^ "The Elizabeth Dole Foundation". The Elizabeth Dole Foundation.
- ^ "Newly established Elizabeth Dole Foundation to help 'hidden heroes'". Salisbury Post. March 9, 2013. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014.
- ^ Ramchand, Rajeev; Tanielian, Terri; Fisher, Michael P.; Vaughan, Christine Anne; Trail, Thomas E.; Batka, Caroline; Voorhies, Phoenix; Robbins, Michael W.; Robinson, Eric; Ghosh-Dastidar, Bonnie (December 26, 2017). "Hidden Heroes: America's Military Caregivers". Retrieved August 3, 2018.
{{cite journal}}
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(help) - ^ "Landmark Research - The Elizabeth Dole Foundation". Retrieved August 3, 2018.
- ^ "Dole Caregiver Fellows - The Elizabeth Dole Foundation". Retrieved August 3, 2018.
- ^ "Hidden Heroes - The Elizabeth Dole Foundation". Retrieved August 3, 2018.
- ^ "Robert Grier". February 11, 2018.
- ^ "Neighbor Spotlight: Wexford man's family featured in film chronicling sandwich generation of caregivers". July 2021.
- ^ "Hidden Heroes - The Elizabeth Dole Foundation". Retrieved August 3, 2018.
- ^ Kolbert, Elizabeth (November 3, 1996). "Memoirs without Revelations". The New York Times. Retrieved October 28, 2007.
- ^ "Women in Congress - Elizabeth Dole, Senator from North Carolina". Archived from the original on November 3, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
- ^ ".: The Official Wings Of Hope Homepage". Wings-of-hope.org. Retrieved June 17, 2010.
- ^ "Dole, Elizabeth Hanford". National Women’s Hall of Fame.
- ^ "National - Jefferson Awards Foundation". Archived from the original on November 24, 2010. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
- ^ "Dole - World Changers - About - Indiana Wesleyan University". www.indwes.edu.
- ^ "Elizabeth Dole to receive award named for Medal of Honor recipient Leo K. Thorsness". Stars and Stripes. Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved January 15, 2021.
- ^ "America's Warrior Partnership Honors Former U.S. Senator Elizabeth Dole With Fourth Annual Leo Thorsness Leadership Award – Veterans News Report". July 31, 2018. Retrieved January 15, 2021.
- ^ "Breaking News". CNN.
- ^ "NC State Board of Elections website". Results.enr.clarityelections.com. Retrieved June 17, 2010.
- ^ "NC State Board of Elections website". Results.enr.clarityelections.com. November 14, 2008. Retrieved June 17, 2010.
External links
- Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
- Senate Campaign website
- Collected news and commentary from The New York Times
- Elizabeth Dole at Curlie
- A Few Good Women... Elizabeth Dole Archived July 24, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- Works by or about Elizabeth Dole at Internet Archive
- Appearances on C-SPAN