Elvira Ramírez

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(Redirected from
Elvira Ramírez of León
)
For other people with the same name, see Elvira of León.

Elvira Ramírez (c. 935 – aft. 986) was a Leonese princess who served as regent of the kingdom between 962 and 975 during the minority of her nephew Ramiro III of León.[1][2]

Childhood

Born about 935, she was the daughter of the King Ramiro II of León[1] by his second wife, Urraca Sánchez of Pamplona.[3] She was made a nun by her father, who built the "wonderfully large" monastery of San Salvador in León. By the age of 11, and already a nun, she started to appear in court documents. Under her half-brother Ordoño III of León she held documents important to a land dispute, suggesting that San Salvador had perhaps become a chancery of sorts.

Regent

When her brother Sancho I died in 962, she became regent of León for her nephew Ramiro III.[1][4][5] Because she was a Leonese, she was preferred by the Leonese nobility as regent before the king's foreign-born mother, and because she was a nun and therefore not likely to acquire a lover or a husband who might want a part of the regency.[6]

In 968-69 the

Beni Gómez
clan attacked Gormaz. The besieging troops were reinvigorated by the arrival of Elvira and her nephew Ramiro III, who then took overall control and led an attack on the city. This proved disastrous, its repulse allowing an army to emerge from Gormaz that then defeated the Christian armies in the field, lifting the siege.

Retirement

As an apparent result of this military defeat, Elvira retired from the court, being replaced as regent by her sister-in-law the Dowager Queen Teresa in 975.[1] From this date she occasionally appeared in the royal diplomas of her nephew, but is no longer called queen (regina).

During the rebellions of the reign of

al-Mansur
, probably hoping for the same outcome as when Sancho I had been reinstated by Muslim armies. However, when Al-Mansur took León and forced Bermudo to flee into Galicia, the general did not install a new Leonese king in his place.

Historiography

Opinion on Elvira's rule has been divided. Past authors have suggested that she was weak, ruling a divided nobility only with help from her mother's kingdom of Pamplona, until this became untenable. However, Pick has recently presented a different view of her, as ruling a kingdom that drew men seeking opportunity from across the realm and as far as Pamplona and leading a peninsula-wide coalition in resisting Córdoba, and only losing her position as a consequence of a military fiasco.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Christensen 1999.
  2. ISBN 978-1-137-01428-3
    .
  3. ISBN 978-0-521-36447-8
    .
  4. ISBN 978-1-84384-420-4
    .
  5. ISBN 978-1-137-30392-9
    .
  6. ^ Parsons, John Carmi: Medieval Queenship

Sources

  • Christensen, Martin Iversen (29 December 1999). "Women in power 750-1000". Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  • Manuel Carriedo Tejedo, "Una reina sin corona en 959–973: la infanta Elvira, hija de Ramiro II", TIerras de León: Revista de la Diputación Provincial, 2001, 39(113):117–138 [1].
  • Lucy K. Pick, "Dominissima prudentissima: Elvira, First Queen-Regent of León", Religion, Text and Society in Medieval Spain and Northern Europe, 2002, pp. 38–69.
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