Emactuzumab

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Emactuzumab
Humanized (from mouse)
TargetCSF1R
Clinical data
Other namesRG7155, RO5509554
Routes of
administration		intravenous infusion
ATC code
  • none
Pharmacokinetic data
Elimination half-life1.5 - 9 days
Identifiers
CAS Number
DrugBank
UNII
KEGG
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC6398H9908N1704O2020S44
Molar mass144430.19 g·mol−1

Emactuzumab

diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumors (d-TGCT).[4]

History

Emactuzumab was originally developed by

Roche/Genentech. In August 2020, Celleron Therapeutics signed a deal to acquire an exclusive worldwide license for the asset.[5] In November 2020, Celleron Therapeutics incorporated a subsidiary, SynOx Therapeutics, to focus on the development, registration, and commercialisation of emactuzumab.[6]

Mechanism of action

Emactuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the

tyrosine kinase receptor colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R; CSF-1R; CD115), also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR), with potential antineoplastic and immunomodulating activities. Upon administration, emactuzumab binds to CSF1R expressed on macrophages and inhibits the binding of colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) to CSF1R. This prevents CSF1R activation and CSF1R-mediated signaling in these cells, which blocks the production of inflammatory mediators by macrophages and reduces inflammation. By blocking both the activity of CSF1R-dependent tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and the recruitment of TAMs to the tumor microenvironment, emactuzumab enhances T-cell infiltration and antitumor T-cell immune responses, which inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells. TAMs play key roles in immune suppression and promoting inflammation, tumor cell proliferation and survival.[7]

Clinical efficacy

In a Phase Ib clinical study, biopsies were taken from TGCT subjects before and on emactuzumab treatment, and immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies against CD68/CD163 (biomarkers for TAMs) and CSF-1R. Altogether, 36 patients (57%) had evaluable paired tumour biopsy samples (taken at baseline and on treatment at four weeks, after two cycles of emactuzumab at doses of 900 – 2000 mg). A significant reduction of >50% of CD68/CD163-positive macrophages and CSF1R-positive macrophages was seen in 22 patients (61%), showing that the neutralisation of CSF-1R by emactuzumab resulted in the concomitant depletion of TAMs. In the efficacy cohort, 45 of 63 patients (71%) had a best overall response of complete response or partial response (PR) and the disease control rate was 98% (62 of 63 patients). None of the patients were assessed with progressive disease at the time of treatment discontinuation, although the majority of patients (39 patients [62%]) only received a limited number of four or five treatment cycles. After one- and two-year follow-up MRI, 19/27 patients (70%) and 9/14 patients (64%), respectively, were still in response at these time points.[8]

References

  1. ^ World Health Organization (2014). "International Nonproprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Substances (INN). Proposed INN: List 111" (PDF). WHO Drug Information. 28 (2).
  2. PMID 24898549
    .
  3. PMID 26051995
    .
  4. PMID 26179200
    .
  5. ^ "Roche offloads clinical-phase cancer drug to Celleron". FierceBiotech.
  6. ^ "SynOx Therapeutics raises €37M in Series A Financing". Cision PR Newswire.
  7. ^ "NCI Drug Dictionary: Emactuzumab". NCI Drug Dictionary. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute (NCI). 2011-02-02.
  8. PMID 33161240
    .
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